Uploaded January 2023 | Updated September 2026, 3 weeks ago
You asked. I deliver. So i recently spoke with Dr Brandon Berry about his work using the tool mitochondria-ON. Here, i will explain how this works
In our cells, we have organelles, you have likely heard of called mitochondria. Primarily these organelles are responsible for the generation of ATP. The way ATP is generated is through the generation of a proton motive force - essentially a high concentration of protons - hydrogen ions - in the space between the membranes of this organelle. When these protons move down their concentration gradient out of the space between the membranes they go through a protein called ATP synthase. The movement of protons through this protein facilitates the generation of ATP - the energy source of the cell. Mitochondria-ON, is a tool that also moves protons across the membrane. But it can only do this is the presence of a cofactor - all-trans-retinal and light. In this paper, Brandon activated this tool using light during adulthood of the worms - so it kept this high proton motive force. He showed it extended their lifespan. Listen to our full conversation here; youtu.be/twke5yKQbvk
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Please note that The Sheekey Science Show is distinct from Eleanor Sheekey's teaching and research roles at the University of Cambridge. The information provided in this show is not medical advice, nor should it be taken or applied as a replacement for medical advice. The Sheekey Science Show and guests assume no liability for the application of the information discussed.
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You asked. I deliver. So i recently spoke with Dr Brandon Berry about his work using the tool mitochondria-ON. Here, i will explain how this works
In our cells, we have organelles, you have likely heard of called mitochondria. Primarily these organelles are responsible for the generation of ATP. The way ATP is generated is through the generation of a proton motive force - essentially a high concentration of protons - hydrogen ions - in the space between the membranes of this organelle. When these protons move down their concentration gradient out of the space between the membranes they go through a protein called ATP synthase. The movement of protons through this protein facilitates the generation of ATP - the energy source of the cell. Mitochondria-ON, is a tool that also moves protons across the membrane. But it can only do this is the presence of a cofactor - all-trans-retinal and light. In this paper, Brandon activated this tool using light during adulthood of the worms - so it kept this high proton motive force. He showed it extended their lifespan. Listen to our full conversation here; youtu.be/twke5yKQbvk
Find me on Twitter - twitter.com/EleanorSheekey
Support the channel
through PayPal - paypal.me/sheekeyscience?country.x=GB&locale.x=en_GB
through Patreon - patreon.com/TheSheekeyScienceShow
Please note that The Sheekey Science Show is distinct from Eleanor Sheekey's teaching and research roles at the University of Cambridge. The information provided in this show is not medical advice, nor should it be taken or applied as a replacement for medical advice. The Sheekey Science Show and guests assume no liability for the application of the information discussed.
Icons in intro; "freepik.com/free-photos-vectors/background"Background vector created by freepik - freepik.com








![the 3 levels of aging therapeutics
Why do so many anti-aging drugs work in mice but fail in humans? It turns out, we might be aging in fundamentally different ways. A new minimal model from physicists Peter Fedichev and Jan Gruber suggests that aging isnt a chaotic mess of billions of problems, but a process governed by just three macroscopic variables.
In this video, I break down their paper to explain why current Level 1 interventions (like senolytics and cellular reprogramming) might only improve healthspan, not maximum lifespan. Well explore the difference between stable species (humans) and unstable ones (mice), and reveal the physics-based roadmap—Level 2 and Level 3—required to actually extend the human lifespan limit beyond 120 years.
Find me on Twitter - https://twitter.com/EleanorSheekey
Support the channel
through PayPal - https://paypal.me/sheekeyscience?country.x=GB&locale.x=en_GB
through Patreon - https://www.patreon.com/TheSheekeyScienceShow
TIMESTAMPS
0:00 – Why 300 aging theories might be wrong (The Physics of Universality)
3:45 – The 3 variables that control your lifespan
7:12 – Why mice are biologically broken compared to humans
9:58 – The 3 Levels of Intervention: Why reprogramming isnt enough (yet)
13:20 – The only way to actually break the 120-year limit
REFERENCES
Fedichev, P. & Gruber, J. (2024). A Minimal Model Explains Aging Regimes and Guides Intervention Strategies. bioRxiv. [Preprint]
Pyrkov, T. V., et al. (2021). Longitudinal analysis of blood markers reveals progressive loss of resilience and predicts ultimate limit of human lifespan. Nature Communications, 12, 2765.
Avchaciov, K., et al. (2022). Unsupervised learning of aging principles from longitudinal data. Nature Communications, 13, 6529.
Perevoshchikova, K. & Fedichev, P. O. (2024). Differential Responses of Dynamic and Entropic Aging Factors to Longevity Interventions. bioRxiv.
Tarkhov, A. E., et al. (2024). Universal transcriptomic signature of age reveals the temporal scaling of Caenorhabditis elegans aging trajectories. AgingBio, 2, 1–16.
Tong, H., et al. (2024). Quantifying the stochastic component of epigenetic aging. Nature Aging, 4, 886–897.
Meyer, D. H. & Schumacher, B. (2024). Biologically informative or merely random? The stochastic nature of epigenetic clocks. Nature Aging, 4, 871–885.
Sinclair, D. A. & Guarente, L. (1997). Extrachromosomal rDNA circles—a cause of aging in yeast. Cell, 91(7), 1033–1042.
Medvedev, Z. A. (1990). An attempt at a rational classification of theories of ageing. Biological Reviews, 65(3), 375–398.
Please note that The Sheekey Science Show is distinct from Eleanor Sheekeys teaching and research roles. The information provided in this show is not medical advice, nor should it be taken or applied as a replacement for medical advice. The Sheekey Science Show and guests assume no liability for the application of the information discussed.
Icons in intro; https://www.freepik.com/free-photos-vectors/backgroundBackground vector created by freepik - www.freepik.com the 3 levels of aging therapeutics](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/c-_Pdp5IIvw/mqdefault.jpg)

