Uploaded May 2026 | Updated September 2026, 3 weeks ago
Part 1 youtube.com/watch?v=naFbZfxqenw
Heteropogon contortus
youtube.com/watch?v=2KJWga0T8D8
Imperata cylindrica
youtube.com/watch?v=CBOQNgZLudg
Sorghum bicolor
youtube.com/watch?v=voROVsRGg9Q
Saccharum officinarum
youtube.com/watch?v=jYAYwzT_g8s
Cymbopogon citratus
youtube.com/watch?v=r6ha577OwqY
#Dlium
Merakan (Themeda arguens) is a species of plant in the Poaceae family, an erect annual grass, growing up to 20-135 cm tall. The single leaves are ribbon-shaped, flat, with pointed tips, 5-30 cm long, 4-7 mm wide, and green.
T. arguens has fibrous roots. The stems are erect or somewhat recumbent, cylindrical, smooth, small, segmented, and dense, dark red, brown, yellowish, or green in color.
The flowers are compound in clusters at the tip or in the axils, with the spikelets protected by a sheath, lanceolate, 2.5-3.5 cm long, and purplish green. The flowers are bisexual, with 4 spikelets, 3 stamens, and 2 stigmas. The fruits are elliptical, nearly cylindrical, densely hairy, 8-10 mm long, green, and fall off with the stalk. The seeds are round, small, and black.
This species grows in open, sunny, and dry areas. It usually grows in clusters in savanna forests, teak forests, grasslands, roadsides, and embankments. It thrives in various soil types, including clay and limestone, at elevations up to 1,200 meters.
This plant is often used as animal feed, to treat back pain, and as a hair tonic and blood purifier.
Kingdom: Plantae
Phylum: Tracheophyta
Subphylum: Angiospermae
Class: Liliopsida
Order: Poales
Family: Poaceae
Subfamily: Panicoideae
Tribe: Andropogoneae
Subtribe: Anthistiriinae
Genus: Themeda Forssk. in Fl. Aegypt.-Arab.: 178 (1775)
Species: Themeda arguens (L.) Hack. in A.L.P.P.de Candolle & A.C.P.de Candolle, Monogr. Phan. 6: 657 (1889)
Homotypic Synonyms
Anthistiria arguens (L.) Willd. in Sp. Pl., ed. 4. 4: 901 (1806)
Anthistiria ciliata var. major Thwaites in Enum. Pl. Zeyl.: 366 (1864)
Stipa arguens L. in Sp. Pl., ed. 2.: 117 (1762)
Heterotypic Synonyms
Anthistiria arguens Nees in Fl. Afr. Austral. Ill.: 124 (1841), nom. illeg.
Anthistiria ciliata var. glabrescens Buse in F.A.W.Miquel, Pl. Jungh., prepr.: 23 (1854)
Anthistiria ciliata var. junghuhniana Buse in F.A.W.Miquel, Fl. Ned. Ind. 3: 504 (1857)
Anthistiria frondosa R.Br. in Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland.: 200 (1810)
Anthistiria junghuhniana var. altior Andersson in Nova Acta Regiae Soc. Sci. Upsal., ser. 3, 2: 233 (1856)
Anthistiria junghuhniana var. minor Andersson in Nova Acta Regiae Soc. Sci. Upsal., ser. 3, 2: 233 (1856)
Anthistiria pilifera Steud. in Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 400 (1854)
Aristaria barbata Jungh. in Tijdschr. Natuurl. Gesch. Physiol. 7: 297 (1840)
Stipa arguens Thunb. in Prodr. Pl. Cap.: 20 (1794), nom. illeg. homonym. post.
Themeda arguens var. balinensis Jansen in Acta Bot. Neerl. 1: 479 (1952)
Themeda arguens var. cochinchinensis A.Camus in Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 25: 670 (1919)
Themeda frondosa (R.Br.) Merr. in Interpr. Herb. Amboin.: 89 (1917)
Publications:
Clayton, W.D. & Snow, N. (2010). A key to Pacific Grasses: 1-107. Kew Publishing, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Clayton, W.D., Harman, K.T. & Williamson, H. (2006). World Grass Species - Synonymy database The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Gilliland, H.B. (1971). A revised flora of Malaya 3: 1-319. The Royal Botanic Gardens, Singapore.
Henty, E.E. (1969). A manual of the grasses of New Guinea: 1-215. Division of Botany, Dpt. of Forests, LAE, New Guinea.
Kress, W.J., DeFilipps, R.A., Farr, E. & Kyi, D.Y.Y. (2003). A Checklist of the Trees, Shrubs, Herbs and Climbers of Myanmar. Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 45: 1-590.
Middleton, D.J. & al. (eds.) (2019). Flora of Singapore 7: 1-525. Singapore Botanic Gardens.
Pandey, R.P. & Dilwakar, P.G. (2008). An integrated check-list flora of Andaman and Nicobar islands, India. Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany 32: 403-500.
Prasanna, P.V. & al. (eds.) (2024). Flora of India 32: 1-694. Botanical Survey of India.
Turner, I.M. (1995 publ. 1997). A catalogue of the Vascular Plants of Malaya. Gardens' Bulletin Singapore 47(2): 347-655.
Veldkamp, J.F. (2016). A revision of Themeda (Gramineae) in Malesia with a new species from Laos. Blumea 61: 29-40.
English: Merakan, Merak grass
Indonesian: Merakan, Rumput Merak
Java: Sukĕt mĕrak-mĕrakan, Sukĕt mĕrakan
Kangean: Curungceung
Madura: Rĕbha bhajhang-bhajhang, Rĕbha jhang-bhajhang, Rĕbha jhang pèlè, Rĕbha lampèjhang
Minang: Rumpuik suntiĕng putiĕh
Sasak: Rumput genung
Sunda: Kakasangan, Kasang beureum, Ramo kasang
Ternate: Tĕgalngana
Timor: Tebuna manèk
Learn more: dlium.com/2020/07/merakan-themeda-arguens.html
Location: Playen, Gunung Kidul Regency, Yogyakarta Province, Indonesia.
Aryo Bandoro
Dlium TheDlium
Web: dlium.com
Part 1 youtube.com/watch?v=naFbZfxqenw
Heteropogon contortus
youtube.com/watch?v=2KJWga0T8D8
Imperata cylindrica
youtube.com/watch?v=CBOQNgZLudg
Sorghum bicolor
youtube.com/watch?v=voROVsRGg9Q
Saccharum officinarum
youtube.com/watch?v=jYAYwzT_g8s
Cymbopogon citratus
youtube.com/watch?v=r6ha577OwqY
#Dlium
Merakan (Themeda arguens) is a species of plant in the Poaceae family, an erect annual grass, growing up to 20-135 cm tall. The single leaves are ribbon-shaped, flat, with pointed tips, 5-30 cm long, 4-7 mm wide, and green.
T. arguens has fibrous roots. The stems are erect or somewhat recumbent, cylindrical, smooth, small, segmented, and dense, dark red, brown, yellowish, or green in color.
The flowers are compound in clusters at the tip or in the axils, with the spikelets protected by a sheath, lanceolate, 2.5-3.5 cm long, and purplish green. The flowers are bisexual, with 4 spikelets, 3 stamens, and 2 stigmas. The fruits are elliptical, nearly cylindrical, densely hairy, 8-10 mm long, green, and fall off with the stalk. The seeds are round, small, and black.
This species grows in open, sunny, and dry areas. It usually grows in clusters in savanna forests, teak forests, grasslands, roadsides, and embankments. It thrives in various soil types, including clay and limestone, at elevations up to 1,200 meters.
This plant is often used as animal feed, to treat back pain, and as a hair tonic and blood purifier.
Kingdom: Plantae
Phylum: Tracheophyta
Subphylum: Angiospermae
Class: Liliopsida
Order: Poales
Family: Poaceae
Subfamily: Panicoideae
Tribe: Andropogoneae
Subtribe: Anthistiriinae
Genus: Themeda Forssk. in Fl. Aegypt.-Arab.: 178 (1775)
Species: Themeda arguens (L.) Hack. in A.L.P.P.de Candolle & A.C.P.de Candolle, Monogr. Phan. 6: 657 (1889)
Homotypic Synonyms
Anthistiria arguens (L.) Willd. in Sp. Pl., ed. 4. 4: 901 (1806)
Anthistiria ciliata var. major Thwaites in Enum. Pl. Zeyl.: 366 (1864)
Stipa arguens L. in Sp. Pl., ed. 2.: 117 (1762)
Heterotypic Synonyms
Anthistiria arguens Nees in Fl. Afr. Austral. Ill.: 124 (1841), nom. illeg.
Anthistiria ciliata var. glabrescens Buse in F.A.W.Miquel, Pl. Jungh., prepr.: 23 (1854)
Anthistiria ciliata var. junghuhniana Buse in F.A.W.Miquel, Fl. Ned. Ind. 3: 504 (1857)
Anthistiria frondosa R.Br. in Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland.: 200 (1810)
Anthistiria junghuhniana var. altior Andersson in Nova Acta Regiae Soc. Sci. Upsal., ser. 3, 2: 233 (1856)
Anthistiria junghuhniana var. minor Andersson in Nova Acta Regiae Soc. Sci. Upsal., ser. 3, 2: 233 (1856)
Anthistiria pilifera Steud. in Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 400 (1854)
Aristaria barbata Jungh. in Tijdschr. Natuurl. Gesch. Physiol. 7: 297 (1840)
Stipa arguens Thunb. in Prodr. Pl. Cap.: 20 (1794), nom. illeg. homonym. post.
Themeda arguens var. balinensis Jansen in Acta Bot. Neerl. 1: 479 (1952)
Themeda arguens var. cochinchinensis A.Camus in Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 25: 670 (1919)
Themeda frondosa (R.Br.) Merr. in Interpr. Herb. Amboin.: 89 (1917)
Publications:
Clayton, W.D. & Snow, N. (2010). A key to Pacific Grasses: 1-107. Kew Publishing, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Clayton, W.D., Harman, K.T. & Williamson, H. (2006). World Grass Species - Synonymy database The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Gilliland, H.B. (1971). A revised flora of Malaya 3: 1-319. The Royal Botanic Gardens, Singapore.
Henty, E.E. (1969). A manual of the grasses of New Guinea: 1-215. Division of Botany, Dpt. of Forests, LAE, New Guinea.
Kress, W.J., DeFilipps, R.A., Farr, E. & Kyi, D.Y.Y. (2003). A Checklist of the Trees, Shrubs, Herbs and Climbers of Myanmar. Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 45: 1-590.
Middleton, D.J. & al. (eds.) (2019). Flora of Singapore 7: 1-525. Singapore Botanic Gardens.
Pandey, R.P. & Dilwakar, P.G. (2008). An integrated check-list flora of Andaman and Nicobar islands, India. Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany 32: 403-500.
Prasanna, P.V. & al. (eds.) (2024). Flora of India 32: 1-694. Botanical Survey of India.
Turner, I.M. (1995 publ. 1997). A catalogue of the Vascular Plants of Malaya. Gardens' Bulletin Singapore 47(2): 347-655.
Veldkamp, J.F. (2016). A revision of Themeda (Gramineae) in Malesia with a new species from Laos. Blumea 61: 29-40.
English: Merakan, Merak grass
Indonesian: Merakan, Rumput Merak
Java: Sukĕt mĕrak-mĕrakan, Sukĕt mĕrakan
Kangean: Curungceung
Madura: Rĕbha bhajhang-bhajhang, Rĕbha jhang-bhajhang, Rĕbha jhang pèlè, Rĕbha lampèjhang
Minang: Rumpuik suntiĕng putiĕh
Sasak: Rumput genung
Sunda: Kakasangan, Kasang beureum, Ramo kasang
Ternate: Tĕgalngana
Timor: Tebuna manèk
Learn more: dlium.com/2020/07/merakan-themeda-arguens.html
Location: Playen, Gunung Kidul Regency, Yogyakarta Province, Indonesia.
Aryo Bandoro
Dlium TheDlium
Web: dlium.com
