Uploaded June 2026 | Updated September 2026, 3 weeks ago
Part 2: youtube.com/watch?v=OtJb8HIXxe0
Part 1: youtube.com/watch?v=20ygOD6706Y
Piper cubeba
youtube.com/watch?v=3x4LVWQGWEk
Piper nigrum
youtube.com/watch?v=_2taLYU2_BY
Piper sarmentosum
youtube.com/watch?v=-j3OKiPDnvo
Piper ribesioides
youtube.com/watch?v=lUYaVgnQu-s
Piper umbellatum
youtube.com/watch?v=GwenqbsgF3c
#Dlium
Javanese long pepper or Java chili or cabe jawa (Piper retrofractum) is an annual plant species, growing up to 10 m long and wrapped around to follow a climbing pole or rocks, irregular branching that starts from a hard base and resembles wood.
P. retrofractum has roots that grow from seeds to absorb water and nutrients, spread into the soil to form vertical and horizontal branches, while sticky roots grow on the stem sections to attach to the surface of trees or rocks.
The main trunk forms tendrils, tubular with a diameter of 0.1-0.5 cm, extending with a distance of 3-9 cm and each of them grows sticky roots and branches. The surface is initially smooth and then rough when it's old.
Single leaf, 0.5-3 cm long stalk, round shape with slightly pointed tip, flat edge, pinnate bone, slippery top surface, bottom surface speckled, thick, green, length 8.5-30 cm and width 3 -13 cm.
Flower unisexual, arranged in grains that grow upright or slightly ducked, stems 0.5-2 cm long, protective leaves are ovoid to elliptical, 1-2 mm, yellow during development, female ears 1.5-3 cm, pistil head 2-3 cm, short and blunt.
Compound fruit, has a long stalk of 2 cm, hard, clustered regularly, elliptical to cylindrical shape with a narrow tip and a bright red color. The structure of the fruit has a light green pith, surrounded by 80-135 seeds and will enlarge to push out the surface of the fruit.
Kingdom: Plantae
Phylum: Tracheophyta
Subphylum: Angiospermae
Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Piperales
Family: Piperaceae
Genus: Piper L. in Sp. Pl.: 28 (1753)
Species: Piper retrofractum Vahl in Enum. Pl. Obs. 1: 314 (1804)
Homotypic Synonyms
Chavica retrofracta (Vahl) Miq. in Syst. Piperac.: 275 (1843)
Heterotypic Synonyms
Amalago antillana Raf. in Sylva Tellur.: 84 (1838)
Amalago malamiri Raf. (1838)
Chavica arnottiana Miq. (1843)
Chavica chaba Miq. (1843)
Chavica labillardierei Miq. (1843)
Chavica maritima Miq. (1843)
Chavica officinarum Miq. (1843)
Chavica parvifolia (Blanco) Hassk. in Flora 47: 59 (1864)
Cubeba chaba (W.Hunter) Miq. in Comm. Phytogr.: 34 (1840)
Piper arnottianum (Miq.) C.DC. in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 16(1): 352 (1869)
Piper callosum Opiz in C.B.Presl, Reliq. Haenk. 1: 152 (1828)
Piper chaba W.Hunter in Asiat. Res. 9: 391 (1809)
Piper chuvya W.Hunter ex C.DC. (1869)
Piper hapnium Buch.-Ham. ex Hook.f. in Fl. Brit. India 5: 86 (1886)
Piper longum Blume in Verh. Batav. Genootsch. Kunsten 11: 197 (1826)
Piper maritimum (Miq.) Blume ex C.DC. (1869)
Piper officinarum (Miq.) C.DC. (1869)
Piper palawanum C.DC. in Philipp. J. Sci., C 11: 210 (1916)
Piper parvifolium Blanco in Fl. Filip.: 23 (1837)
Piper siriboa B.Heyne in N.Wallich, Numer. List: n.° 6651 B (1832)
Publications:
Aung, Y.L., Aung, M.H., Tan, Y. & Jin, X. (2025). An updated checklist of vascular plants of Myanmar. PhytoKeys 261: 135-364.
Chayamarit, K. & al. (eds.) (2024). Flora of Thailand 16(3): 749-837. The Forest Herbarium, Royal Forest Department.
Dy Phon, P. (2000). Dictionnaire des plantes utilisées au Cambodge: 1-915. Chez l'auteur, Phnom Penh, Cambodia.
Leti, M., Hul, S., Fouché, J.-G., Cheng, S.K. & David, B. (2013). Flore photographique du Cambodge: 1-589. Éditions Privat, Toulouse.
Newman, M., Ketphanh, S., Svengsuksa, B., Thomas, P., Sengdala, K., Lamxay, V. & Armstrong, K. (2007). A checklist of the vascular plants of Lao PDR: 1-394. Royal Botanic Gardens, Edinburgh.
Pasha, M.K. & Uddin, S.B. (2013). Dictionary of plant names of Bangladesh, Vasc. Pl.: 1-434. Janokalyan Prokashani, Chittagong, Bangladesh.
Suwanphakdee, C. & al. (2020). A synopsis of Thai Piper (Piperaceae). Thai Forest Bulletin (Botany) 48: 145-183.
Turner, I.M. (1995 publ. 1997). A catalogue of the Vascular Plants of Malaya. Gardens' Bulletin Singapore 47(2): 347-655.
Wiriadinata, H., Girmansyah, D., Hunter, J.M., Hoover, W.S. & Kartawinata, K. (2013). Floristic study of West Sumbawa, Indonesia. Reinwardtia 13: 391-404.
English: Cabai Jawa, Cabai jamu, Balinese long pepper, Javanese long pepper, long pepper, balin
Filipino: Litlit
Indonesia: Cabai jawa, Cabai jawa, Cabai bali, Cabai jamu, Cabai puyang, Cabai sula, Lada panjang
Java: Cabe jamu, Cabean, Cabe alas, Cabe sula
Madura: Cabbhi solak, Cabbhi alas, Cabe jhamo, Cabbhi ongghu
Melayu: Lada panjang, Cabe panjang
Sasak: Sebie gawah
Sulawesi: Cabia, Cabia, Cabian
Sunda: Cabe jawa
Thai: ดีปลี
Learn more: dlium.com/2020/02/cabe-jawa-piper-retrofractum.html
Location: Sumberlawang, Sragen Regency, Central Java Province, Indonesia.
Aryo Bandoro
Dlium TheDlium
Web: dlium.com
Part 2: youtube.com/watch?v=OtJb8HIXxe0
Part 1: youtube.com/watch?v=20ygOD6706Y
Piper cubeba
youtube.com/watch?v=3x4LVWQGWEk
Piper nigrum
youtube.com/watch?v=_2taLYU2_BY
Piper sarmentosum
youtube.com/watch?v=-j3OKiPDnvo
Piper ribesioides
youtube.com/watch?v=lUYaVgnQu-s
Piper umbellatum
youtube.com/watch?v=GwenqbsgF3c
#Dlium
Javanese long pepper or Java chili or cabe jawa (Piper retrofractum) is an annual plant species, growing up to 10 m long and wrapped around to follow a climbing pole or rocks, irregular branching that starts from a hard base and resembles wood.
P. retrofractum has roots that grow from seeds to absorb water and nutrients, spread into the soil to form vertical and horizontal branches, while sticky roots grow on the stem sections to attach to the surface of trees or rocks.
The main trunk forms tendrils, tubular with a diameter of 0.1-0.5 cm, extending with a distance of 3-9 cm and each of them grows sticky roots and branches. The surface is initially smooth and then rough when it's old.
Single leaf, 0.5-3 cm long stalk, round shape with slightly pointed tip, flat edge, pinnate bone, slippery top surface, bottom surface speckled, thick, green, length 8.5-30 cm and width 3 -13 cm.
Flower unisexual, arranged in grains that grow upright or slightly ducked, stems 0.5-2 cm long, protective leaves are ovoid to elliptical, 1-2 mm, yellow during development, female ears 1.5-3 cm, pistil head 2-3 cm, short and blunt.
Compound fruit, has a long stalk of 2 cm, hard, clustered regularly, elliptical to cylindrical shape with a narrow tip and a bright red color. The structure of the fruit has a light green pith, surrounded by 80-135 seeds and will enlarge to push out the surface of the fruit.
Kingdom: Plantae
Phylum: Tracheophyta
Subphylum: Angiospermae
Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Piperales
Family: Piperaceae
Genus: Piper L. in Sp. Pl.: 28 (1753)
Species: Piper retrofractum Vahl in Enum. Pl. Obs. 1: 314 (1804)
Homotypic Synonyms
Chavica retrofracta (Vahl) Miq. in Syst. Piperac.: 275 (1843)
Heterotypic Synonyms
Amalago antillana Raf. in Sylva Tellur.: 84 (1838)
Amalago malamiri Raf. (1838)
Chavica arnottiana Miq. (1843)
Chavica chaba Miq. (1843)
Chavica labillardierei Miq. (1843)
Chavica maritima Miq. (1843)
Chavica officinarum Miq. (1843)
Chavica parvifolia (Blanco) Hassk. in Flora 47: 59 (1864)
Cubeba chaba (W.Hunter) Miq. in Comm. Phytogr.: 34 (1840)
Piper arnottianum (Miq.) C.DC. in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 16(1): 352 (1869)
Piper callosum Opiz in C.B.Presl, Reliq. Haenk. 1: 152 (1828)
Piper chaba W.Hunter in Asiat. Res. 9: 391 (1809)
Piper chuvya W.Hunter ex C.DC. (1869)
Piper hapnium Buch.-Ham. ex Hook.f. in Fl. Brit. India 5: 86 (1886)
Piper longum Blume in Verh. Batav. Genootsch. Kunsten 11: 197 (1826)
Piper maritimum (Miq.) Blume ex C.DC. (1869)
Piper officinarum (Miq.) C.DC. (1869)
Piper palawanum C.DC. in Philipp. J. Sci., C 11: 210 (1916)
Piper parvifolium Blanco in Fl. Filip.: 23 (1837)
Piper siriboa B.Heyne in N.Wallich, Numer. List: n.° 6651 B (1832)
Publications:
Aung, Y.L., Aung, M.H., Tan, Y. & Jin, X. (2025). An updated checklist of vascular plants of Myanmar. PhytoKeys 261: 135-364.
Chayamarit, K. & al. (eds.) (2024). Flora of Thailand 16(3): 749-837. The Forest Herbarium, Royal Forest Department.
Dy Phon, P. (2000). Dictionnaire des plantes utilisées au Cambodge: 1-915. Chez l'auteur, Phnom Penh, Cambodia.
Leti, M., Hul, S., Fouché, J.-G., Cheng, S.K. & David, B. (2013). Flore photographique du Cambodge: 1-589. Éditions Privat, Toulouse.
Newman, M., Ketphanh, S., Svengsuksa, B., Thomas, P., Sengdala, K., Lamxay, V. & Armstrong, K. (2007). A checklist of the vascular plants of Lao PDR: 1-394. Royal Botanic Gardens, Edinburgh.
Pasha, M.K. & Uddin, S.B. (2013). Dictionary of plant names of Bangladesh, Vasc. Pl.: 1-434. Janokalyan Prokashani, Chittagong, Bangladesh.
Suwanphakdee, C. & al. (2020). A synopsis of Thai Piper (Piperaceae). Thai Forest Bulletin (Botany) 48: 145-183.
Turner, I.M. (1995 publ. 1997). A catalogue of the Vascular Plants of Malaya. Gardens' Bulletin Singapore 47(2): 347-655.
Wiriadinata, H., Girmansyah, D., Hunter, J.M., Hoover, W.S. & Kartawinata, K. (2013). Floristic study of West Sumbawa, Indonesia. Reinwardtia 13: 391-404.
English: Cabai Jawa, Cabai jamu, Balinese long pepper, Javanese long pepper, long pepper, balin
Filipino: Litlit
Indonesia: Cabai jawa, Cabai jawa, Cabai bali, Cabai jamu, Cabai puyang, Cabai sula, Lada panjang
Java: Cabe jamu, Cabean, Cabe alas, Cabe sula
Madura: Cabbhi solak, Cabbhi alas, Cabe jhamo, Cabbhi ongghu
Melayu: Lada panjang, Cabe panjang
Sasak: Sebie gawah
Sulawesi: Cabia, Cabia, Cabian
Sunda: Cabe jawa
Thai: ดีปลี
Learn more: dlium.com/2020/02/cabe-jawa-piper-retrofractum.html
Location: Sumberlawang, Sragen Regency, Central Java Province, Indonesia.
Aryo Bandoro
Dlium TheDlium
Web: dlium.com
