Uploaded July 2024 | Updated September 2026, 3 weeks ago
Hoya diversifolia
youtube.com/watch?v=UgL5X9Nkqws
Calotropis gigantea
youtube.com/watch?v=foNZcnCZVXA
Allamanda cathartica
youtube.com/watch?v=r5bDyQvnAhM
Tabernaemontana macrocarpa
youtube.com/watch?v=ImXejamVLBY
Plumeria rubra
youtube.com/watch?v=ECWuOX3a2e0
#Dlium
Malayan urn vine (Dischidia major) is a species of plant in the Apocynaceae, grows vines, twines around tree branches and trunks, roots penetrate rotting wood and humus, circular succulent leaves up to 3 cm wide. The hollow pouch is elongated and up to 12 cm long. The sac is filled with many stomata on the inner surface and has an opening at the upper end near the stalk.
Organic debris and rainwater may be supplemented with secreted fluids to accumulate in the cavity of the bag and over time provide a source of nutrients that the plant uses by growing roots indoors. The main flower is yellow and striped with green. The fruit consists of a pair of horn-shaped follicles. The seeds have fine hairs at one end.
Kingdom: Plantae
Phylum: Tracheophyta
Subphylum: Angiospermae
Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Gentianales
Family: Apocynaceae
Subfamily: Asclepiadoideae
Tribe: Marsdenieae
Genus: Dischidia R.Br. in Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland.: 461 (1810)
Species: Dischidia major (Vahl) Merr. in Interpr. Herb. Amboin.: 437 (1917)
Homotypic Synonyms
Collyris major Vahl in Skr. Naturhist.-Selsk. 6: 110 (1810)
Heterotypic Synonyms
Dischidia baeuerlenii Schltr. in Beibl. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 92: 7 (1908)
Dischidia clavata Wall. in Pl. Asiat. Rar. 2: 36 (1831)
Dischidia merguiensis Becc. in Malesia 2: 266 (1886)
Dischidia pubiflora Schltr. in Beih. Bot. Centralbl., Abt. 2. 34: 11 (1916)
Dischidia rafflesiana Wall. (1831)
Dischidia singaporensis Ridl. in J. Straits Branch Roy. Asiat. Soc. 61: 31 (1912)
Dischidia timorensis Decne. in Nouv. Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. 3: 377 (1834)
Dischidia viridescens Griff. in Not. Pl. Asiat. 4: 49 (1854)
Publications:
Ahmed, Z.U. & al. (eds.) (2008). Encyclopedia of Flora and Fauna of Bangladesh 6: 1-408. Asiatic Society of Bangladesh.
Dy Phon, P. (2000). Dictionnaire des plantes utilisées au Cambodge: 1-915. Chez l'auteur, Phnom Penh, Cambodia.
Govaerts, R. (2000). World Checklist of Seed Plants Database in ACCESS Genera starting with letter D: 1-30141.
Jagtap, A.P. & Singh, N.P. (1999). Fascicles of Flora of India 24: 1-332. Botanical Survey of India, New Delhi.
Karthigeyan, K., Pandey, R.P. & Mao, A.A. (eds.) (2023). Flora of Andaman and Nicobar Islands 2: 1-689. Botanical Survey of India. Ministry of environment, forest and climate change.
Kress, W.J., DeFilipps, R.A., Farr, E. & Kyi, D.Y.Y. (2003). A Checklist of the Trees, Shrubs, Herbs and Climbers of Myanmar. Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 45: 1-590.
Orchard, A.E. (ed.) (1996). Flora of Australia 28: 1-335. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra.
Trần, T.B. (2017). Thực Vật Chí Việt Nam. Flora of Vietnam 15: 1-482. Nhà xuất bản khoa học và kỹ thuật, Hà Nội
Chinese (Simplified): 大王眼树莲
Chinese (Traditional): 大王眼樹蓮 - 青蛙寶
English: Malayan Urn Vine, Raffles' Dischidia
Finnish: Isopussiköynnös
Indonesian: Sarang Semut, Anggur Malaya, Guci Malaya
Japanese: アケビカズラ
Russian: Дисхидия большая
Slovak: Urnovka väčšia
Thai: บวบลม (จุกโรหินี)
Learn more: dlium.com/2024/07/malayan-urn-vine-dischidia-major.html
Location: Dlingo, Bantul Regency, Yogyakarta Province, Indonesia.
Aryo Bandoro
Dlium TheDlium
Web: dlium.com
Hoya diversifolia
youtube.com/watch?v=UgL5X9Nkqws
Calotropis gigantea
youtube.com/watch?v=foNZcnCZVXA
Allamanda cathartica
youtube.com/watch?v=r5bDyQvnAhM
Tabernaemontana macrocarpa
youtube.com/watch?v=ImXejamVLBY
Plumeria rubra
youtube.com/watch?v=ECWuOX3a2e0
#Dlium
Malayan urn vine (Dischidia major) is a species of plant in the Apocynaceae, grows vines, twines around tree branches and trunks, roots penetrate rotting wood and humus, circular succulent leaves up to 3 cm wide. The hollow pouch is elongated and up to 12 cm long. The sac is filled with many stomata on the inner surface and has an opening at the upper end near the stalk.
Organic debris and rainwater may be supplemented with secreted fluids to accumulate in the cavity of the bag and over time provide a source of nutrients that the plant uses by growing roots indoors. The main flower is yellow and striped with green. The fruit consists of a pair of horn-shaped follicles. The seeds have fine hairs at one end.
Kingdom: Plantae
Phylum: Tracheophyta
Subphylum: Angiospermae
Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Gentianales
Family: Apocynaceae
Subfamily: Asclepiadoideae
Tribe: Marsdenieae
Genus: Dischidia R.Br. in Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland.: 461 (1810)
Species: Dischidia major (Vahl) Merr. in Interpr. Herb. Amboin.: 437 (1917)
Homotypic Synonyms
Collyris major Vahl in Skr. Naturhist.-Selsk. 6: 110 (1810)
Heterotypic Synonyms
Dischidia baeuerlenii Schltr. in Beibl. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 92: 7 (1908)
Dischidia clavata Wall. in Pl. Asiat. Rar. 2: 36 (1831)
Dischidia merguiensis Becc. in Malesia 2: 266 (1886)
Dischidia pubiflora Schltr. in Beih. Bot. Centralbl., Abt. 2. 34: 11 (1916)
Dischidia rafflesiana Wall. (1831)
Dischidia singaporensis Ridl. in J. Straits Branch Roy. Asiat. Soc. 61: 31 (1912)
Dischidia timorensis Decne. in Nouv. Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. 3: 377 (1834)
Dischidia viridescens Griff. in Not. Pl. Asiat. 4: 49 (1854)
Publications:
Ahmed, Z.U. & al. (eds.) (2008). Encyclopedia of Flora and Fauna of Bangladesh 6: 1-408. Asiatic Society of Bangladesh.
Dy Phon, P. (2000). Dictionnaire des plantes utilisées au Cambodge: 1-915. Chez l'auteur, Phnom Penh, Cambodia.
Govaerts, R. (2000). World Checklist of Seed Plants Database in ACCESS Genera starting with letter D: 1-30141.
Jagtap, A.P. & Singh, N.P. (1999). Fascicles of Flora of India 24: 1-332. Botanical Survey of India, New Delhi.
Karthigeyan, K., Pandey, R.P. & Mao, A.A. (eds.) (2023). Flora of Andaman and Nicobar Islands 2: 1-689. Botanical Survey of India. Ministry of environment, forest and climate change.
Kress, W.J., DeFilipps, R.A., Farr, E. & Kyi, D.Y.Y. (2003). A Checklist of the Trees, Shrubs, Herbs and Climbers of Myanmar. Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 45: 1-590.
Orchard, A.E. (ed.) (1996). Flora of Australia 28: 1-335. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra.
Trần, T.B. (2017). Thực Vật Chí Việt Nam. Flora of Vietnam 15: 1-482. Nhà xuất bản khoa học và kỹ thuật, Hà Nội
Chinese (Simplified): 大王眼树莲
Chinese (Traditional): 大王眼樹蓮 - 青蛙寶
English: Malayan Urn Vine, Raffles' Dischidia
Finnish: Isopussiköynnös
Indonesian: Sarang Semut, Anggur Malaya, Guci Malaya
Japanese: アケビカズラ
Russian: Дисхидия большая
Slovak: Urnovka väčšia
Thai: บวบลม (จุกโรหินี)
Learn more: dlium.com/2024/07/malayan-urn-vine-dischidia-major.html
Location: Dlingo, Bantul Regency, Yogyakarta Province, Indonesia.
Aryo Bandoro
Dlium TheDlium
Web: dlium.com
![Woodland false buttonweed (Spermacoce remota) - part 2
Part 1 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dD57yrFf2U0
Richardia brasiliensis
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DoZ-uEYvwTE
Mycetia cauliflora
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BpEhknoUaZ8
Ophiorrhiza mungos
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PeDWn3bU8yQ
Morinda citrifolia
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f5xnuUBDe3Q
Mussaenda frondosa
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r1VfQQph0Dw
#Dlium
Siwingan or woodland false buttonweed (Spermacoce remota) is a plant species in the Rubiaceae, an upright or spreading perennial herb up to 50 cm high, rectangular stems with scaly hairs on the ridges, branched and green in color.
S. remote has leaf blades up to 8 cm long, up to 2 cm wide and hairy. 5-6 lateral veins on each side of the midrib. Bare surface, undersurface with a few hairs along the veins. Stipules interpetiolar, hairy, margin scalloped with 7 teeth or pegs and teeth about 2-4 mm long.
Inflorescence in dense axillary fascicles. Individual flowers are about 5 mm in diameter. The calyx lobes are 0.5-1 mm long and are covered with hair. The corolla tube is about 2.5 mm long, the lobes 2–2.5 mm long and are covered with hairs only on the outer surface near the apex. The anthers are 1 mm long. The filaments are 1-1.5 mm long and are attached to the corolla tube.
This species grows near sea level to an elevation of 900 meters. It grows in disturbed areas and along paths and roads, rainforests, mahogany forests, teak forests, riparian forests and most of the Pantropical countries.
Kingdom: Plantae
Phylum: Tracheophyta
Subphylum: Angiospermae
Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Gentianales
Family: Rubiaceae
Subfamily: Rubioideae
Tribe: Spermacoceae
Genus: Spermacoce L. in Sp. Pl.: 102 (1753)
Species: Spermacoce remota Lam. in Tabl. Encycl. 1: 273 (1792)
Homotypic Synonyms
Borreria remota (Lam.) Bacigalupo & E.L.Cabral in Darwiniana 37: 334 (1999)
Heterotypic Synonyms
Bigelovia vaginata (Willd.) Spreng. in Syst. Veg., ed. 16. 1: 405 (1824)
Borreria assurgens (Ruiz & Pav.) Griseb. in Abh. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Göttingen 24: 156 (1879)
Borreria malacophylla Standl. & L.O.Williams in Ceiba 1: 165 (1950), nom. illeg. homonym. post.
Borreria vaginata (Willd.) F.Dietr. in Neu. Nachtr. Vollst. Lex. Gärtn. 2: 16 (1826)
Borreria wydleriana DC. in Prodr. 4: 545 (1830)
Spermacoce assurgens Ruiz & Pav. in Fl. Peruv. 1: 60 (1798)
Spermacoce chapmanii Torr. & A.Gray in Fl. N. Amer. 2: 27 (1841)
Spermacoce dichotoma Willd. ex Steud. in Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2. 2: 618 (1841)
Spermacoce echioides Kunth in F.W.H.von Humboldt, A.J.A.Bonpland & C.S.Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. 3: 344 (1819)
Spermacoce hebecarpa DC. (1830)
Spermacoce hondurensis Govaerts in World Checkl. Seed Pl. 2: 16 (1996)
Spermacoce lanceolata Link in Enum. Hort. Berol. Alt. 1: 132 (1821)
Spermacoce parviflora Salisb. in Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton: 60 (1796)
Spermacoce sexangularis Sieber ex Steud. in Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2. 2: 619 (1841), not validly publ.
Spermacoce suffrutescens Jacq. in Pl. Hort. Schoenbr. 3: 40 (1798)
Spermacoce suffruticosa Spreng. in Syst. Veg., ed. 16. 1: 400 (1824), nom. illeg. homonym. post.
Spermacoce tenuior var. commersonii Verdc. in Kew Bull. 37: 546 (1983)
Spermacoce tetragona DC. (1830)
Spermacoce vaginata Willd. in J.J.Roemer & J.A.Schultes, Syst. Veg., ed. 15[bis]. 3: 531 (1818)
Spermacoce wydleriana (DC.) Kuntze in Revis. Gen. Pl. 3(2): 123 (1898)
Tessiera pubescens Miq. in Stirp. Surinam. Select.: 178 (1851)
Publications
Deb, D.B. & Gangopadhyay, M. (2025). Flora of India 14: 1-607. Botanical Survey of India.
Harwood, R. & Dessein, S. (2005). Australian Spermacoce (Rubiaceae: Spermacoceae). I. Northern Territory. Australian Systematic Botany 18: 297-365.
Karthigeyan, K., Pandey, R.P. & Mao, A.A. (eds.) (2023). Flora of Andaman and Nicobar Islands 2: 1-689. Botanical Survey of India. Ministry of environment, forest and climate change.
Middleton, J.D. (ed.) (2019). Flora of Singapore 13: 1-654. Singapore Botanic Gardens.
Puff, C., Chayamarit, K., Chamchumroon, V. & Esser, H.-J. (2021). Flora of Thailand 15(1): 1-235. The Forest Herbarium, National Park, Wildlife and Plant Conservation Department, Bangkok.
Whistler, W.A. (2022). Flora of Samoa Flowering Plants: 1-930. National Tropical Botanicl Garden. Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History.
Wu, Z., Raven, P.H. & Hong, D. (eds.) (2011). Flora of China 19: 1-884. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
Chinese (Simplified): 光叶丰花草
Chinese (Traditional): 光葉豐花草 - 光葉鴨舌癀舅
English: Woodland false buttonweed, Siwingan, Buttonweed
Indonesian: Siwingan
Japanese: ナガバハリフタバ
Java: Siwingan
Korean: 우드랜드 거짓 단추풀
Spanish: Botoncillo, Juana la blanca
Thai: หญ้าเขมร
Learn more: https://www.dlium.com/2023/06/woodland-false-buttonweed-spermacoce.html
Location: Ponjong, Gunung Kidul Regency, Yogyakarta Province, Indonesia.
Aryo Bandoro
Dlium TheDlium
Web: https://www.dlium.com Woodland false buttonweed (Spermacoce remota) - part 2](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/lO7WwQGygu4/mqdefault.jpg)









![Whitehead spikesedge (Cyperus mindorensis) - part 1
Part 2 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xC-NiHKZhns
Cyperus alternifolius :
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WzuzUJFga60
Cyperus cyperoides :
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3T0aznlibVk
Cyperus diffusus :
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O5aFwbbAb9Y
Cyperus iria :
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=laHjJE5IzNE
Cyperus odoratus :
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GlSopqAKGSg
Cyperus rotundus :
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v bnUnYxouHU
#Dlium
Whitehead spikesedge (Cyperus mindorensis) is a species of herbaceous, flowering plant in the Cyperaceae family. The leaves are linear, ribbon-shaped, green, 1.5–3 mm wide and up to 55 cm long. They emerge from green to purplish-brown sheaths.
The flower stalks are erect, up to 60 cm tall, angular, and green. The flowers are at the end of the stalks, forming a spherical, up to 1 cm wide, white inflorescence. This species reproduces vegetatively using underground, horizontal rhizomes and regeneratively using seeds.
Kingdom: Plantae
Phylum: Tracheophyta
Subphylum: Angiospermae
Class: Liliopsida
Order: Poales
Family: Cyperaceae
Subfamily: Cyperoideae
Tribe: Cypereae
Genus: Cyperus L. in Sp. Pl.: 44 (1753)
Species: Cyperus mindorensis (Steud.) Huygh in Phytotaxa 166: 39 (2014)
Homotypic Synonyms
Kyllinga mindorensis Steud. in Syn. Pl. Glumac. 2: 67 (1854)
Kyllinga monocephala var. mindorensis (Steud.) Boeckeler in Linnaea 35: 428 (1868)
Heterotypic Synonyms
Cyperus curvispiculosus T.Koyama in Naturaliste Canad. 82: 215 (1955)
Cyperus kyllingia f. humilis (Boeckeler) Kük. in H.G.A.Engler (ed.), Pflanzenr., IV, 20(Heft 101): 608 (1936)
Cyperus kyllingia var. latifolius (Boeckeler) Kük. (1936)
Cyperus kyllingia f. subtriceps (Kunth) Kük. (1936)
Cyperus kyllingia f. tenuis (Boeckeler) Kük. (1936)
Cyperus leucocephalus Hassk. in Pl. Jav. Rar.: 87 (1848)
Cyperus sesquiflorus f. latifolius (Boeckeler) Kük. (1936)
Kyllinga cephalotes Druce in Rep. Bot. Soc. Exch. Club Brit. Isles 1916: 630 (1917)
Kyllinga curvispiculosa (T.Koyama) P.H.Hô in Cayco Vietnam 3: 699 (1993)
Kyllinga gracilis Zoll. in A.Moritzi, Syst. Verz. Java: 63 (1846)
Kyllinga intermedia Seem. in Bonplandia (Hannover) 9: 261 (1861)
Kyllinga monocephala Stokes in Bot. Mat. Med. 1: 120 (1812)
Kyllinga monocephala var. humilis Boeckeler (1868)
Kyllinga monocephala var. latifolia Boeckeler (1868)
Kyllinga monocephala var. subtriceps Kunth in Enum. Pl. 2: 130 (1837)
Kyllinga monocephala var. tenuis Boeckeler (1868)
Kyllinga nemoralis (J.R.Forst. & G.Forst.) Dandy ex Hutch. & Dalziel in Fl. W. Trop. Afr. 2: 487 (1936)
Kyllinga nemoralis var. subnemoralis Wad.Khan & Sardesai in Cyperaceae W. Ghats, W. Coast & Maharashtra: 271 (2015 publ. 2014)
Kyllinga planiculmis C.B.Clarke ex Cherm. in Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 25: 209 (1919)
Kyllinga planiculmis var. mucronata Cherm. in Bull. Soc. Bot. France 72: 613 (1925)
Scirpus cephalotes Jacq. in Hort. Bot. Vindob. 1: 42 (1771)
Thryocephalon nemorale J.R.Forst. & G.Forst. in Char. Gen. Pl., ed. 2.: 130 (1776)
Publications
Gosline, G., Bidault, E., van der Burgt, X., Cahen, D., Challen, G., Condé, N., Couch, C., Couvreur, T.L.P., Dagallier, L.M.J., Darbyshire, I., Dawson, S., Doré, T.S., Goyder, D., Grall, A., Haba, P., Haba, P., Harris, D., Hind, D.J.N., Jongkind, & al. (2023). A Taxonomically-verified and Vouchered Checklist of the Vascular Plants of the Republic of Guinea. Nature, scientific data 10, Article number: 327: [1]-[12].
Middleton, D.J. & al. (eds.) (2019). Flora of Singapore 7: 1-525. Singapore Botanic Gardens.
Plunkett, G.M., Ranker, T.A., Sam, C. & Balick, M.J. (2022). Towards a checklist of the vascular flora of Vanuatu. Candollea 77: 105-118.
Whistler, W.A. (2022). Flora of Samoa Flowering Plants: 1-930. National Tropical Botanicl Garden. Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History.
Assamese: Keya bon
Bengali: Nirbishi নির্বিশী
Chamorro: CHåguan Lemmai
Chinese (simplified): 单穗水蜈蚣
Chinese (traditional): 單穗水蜈蚣
English: Whitehead cyperus, Whitehead spikesedge, Whitehead grass, White water sedge, White kyllinga, White-flowered Kyllinga
Hindi: निर्विषी - निर्बीसी Nirvishi, Nirbisi
Indonesia: Teki pentol, Pentol bitung
Japanese: オオヒメクグ - シロヒメクグ
Java: Teki pentol, Pentol biting
Kannada: Anantha konde hullu, Neervisha musthe
Malayalam: Muttanna, Velutta nirvasi, Palnivasi, Pimuttanna
Manipuri: Kouthum
Marathi: Nirvishi
Mizo: Pi-sa-um-bur
Nepali: निर्विशी Nirviśī
Sanskrit: Apavisha, Avisha, Musta, Svetanirvisa, Vishabhava, Vishaha, Vishahantri, Vishapaha, Vishavairini, Vivisha, Nirvisha, Svetanirvisa
Sinhala: වේලුට්ට නිර්බාසි Vēluṭṭa nirbāsi
Slovak: šachor mindorský
Spanish: Junco asiático blanco
Tamil: வேலுத்த நிர்பசி Velutta nirbasi
Telugu: Gandala
Tulu: Boldu nirvisho
Learn more: https://www.dlium.com/2023/12/whitehead-spikesedge-cyperus-mindorensis.html
Location: Purworejo, Purworejo Regency, Central Java Province, Indonesia.
Aryo Bandoro
Dlium TheDlium
Web: https://www.dlium.com Whitehead spikesedge (Cyperus mindorensis) - part 1](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/p876M93fF58/mqdefault.jpg)