Uploaded December 2023 | Updated September 2026, 3 weeks ago
Part 1: youtube.com/watch?v=2liuEkMOSc4
Solanum chrysotrichum
youtube.com/watch?v=ynj2quhbf48
Solanum torvum
youtube.com/watch?v=sJmE4Qrgk1k
Solanum betaceum
youtube.com/watch?v=xz3fgQVkF7E
Solanum capsicoides
youtube.com/watch?v=9n_BSuHM5EQ
Solanum diphyllum
youtube.com/watch?v=Y7_-0HZx15U
Solanum nigrum
youtube.com/watch?v=ajKuMQUahWQ
Solanum pseudocapsicum
youtube.com/watch?v=ygnC1zwDXy8
#Dlium
American black nightshade or Solanum nigrum americanum (Solanum americanum) is a species of plant in the Solanaceae, annual or short-lived shrub, erect, growing to 1-1.5 meters in height, stems cylindrical, branched, green or black in color and may or may not be scaly.........................
Kingdom: Plantae
Phylum: Tracheophyta
Subphylum: Angiospermae
Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Solanales
Family: Solanaceae
Subfamily: Solanoideae
Tribe: Solaneae
Genus: Solanum L. in Sp. Pl.: 184 (1753)
Complex: Solanum nigrum
Species: Solanum americanum Mill. in Gard. Dict., ed. 8.: n.° 5 (1768)
Homotypic synonyms
Solanum nigrum var. americanum (Mill.) O.E.Schulz in Symb. Antill. 6 (1909)
Heterotypic synonyms
Solanum amarantoides Dunal in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 13(1) (1852)
Solanum americanum var. nodiflorum (Jacq.) Edmonds in J. Arnold Arbor. 52 (1971)
Solanum americanum subsp. nodiflorum (Jacq.) R.J.F.Hend. in Austrobaileya 2 (1988)
Solanum americanum subsp. nutans (R.J.F.Hend.) R.J.F.Hend. (1988)
Solanum americanum var. odishense Kalidass & P.Murugan in Bangladesh J. Bot. 23 (2016)
Solanum americanum var. patulum (L.) Edmonds in Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 75 (1977)
Solanum asperum Hornem. ex Walp. in Repert. Bot. Syst. 3 (1844)
Solanum calvum Bitter in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 12 (1913)
Solanum curtipes Bitter in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 11 (1912)
Solanum depilatum Bitter (1913)
Solanum desvauxii Ham. in Prodr. Pl. Ind. Occid. (1825)
Solanum dillenii Schult. in Oestr. Fl., ed. 2, 1 (1814)
Solanum erythrocarpon G.Mey. in Prim. Fl. Esseq. (1818)
Solanum imerinense Bitter in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 49 (1913)
Solanum inconspicuum Bitter (1912)
Solanum indecorum A.Rich. in Hist. Fis. Cuba 11 (1850)
Solanum inops Dunal (1852)
Solanum merrillianum Liou in Contr. Inst. Bot. Natl. Acad. Peiping 3 (1935)
Solanum microspermum Dunal in Solan. Syn. (1816)
Solanum minutibaccatum Bitter in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 10 (1912)
Solanum nigrum var. aguaraquiya (Sendtn.) Witasek in Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss., Wien. Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 79(advance separate) (1910)
Solanum nigrum subsp. aguaraquiya Sendtn. in C.F.P.von Martius & auct. suc. (eds.), Fl. Bras. 10 (1846)
Solanum nigrum var. angulosum Sendtn. (1846)
Solanum nigrum var. dillenii (Schult.) A.Gray in Syn. Fl. N. Amer. 2(1) (1878)
Solanum nigrum subsp. dillenii (Schult.) Schur in Enum. Pl. Transsilv. (1866)
Solanum nigrum f. grandifolium O.E.Schulz (1909)
Solanum nigrum var. heterogonum (Dunal) Witasek (1910)
Solanum nigrum var. minus Hook.f. in Trans. Linn. Soc. London 20 (1847)
Solanum nigrum var. nodiflorum (Jacq.) A.Gray (1878)
Solanum nigrum subsp. nodiflorum (Jacq.) Sendtn. (1846)
Solanum nigrum f. nodiflorum (Jacq.) Miq. in Fl. Ned. Ind. 2 (1857)
Solanum nigrum var. oleraceum (Dunal) Hitchc. in Rep. (Annual) Missouri Bot. Gard. 4 (1893)
Solanum nigrum f. parvifolium O.E.Schulz (1909)
Solanum nigrum var. patulum L. in Sp. Pl.: (1753)
Solanum nigrum var. pauciflorum Liou (1935)
Solanum nigrum f. rumphii (Dunal) Miq. (1857)
Solanum nigrum f. uniflorum Miq. (1857)
Solanum nigrum var. violaceum H.Y.Chen ex Wessely in Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 63 (1960)
Solanum nodiflorum Jacq. in Collectanea 2 (1788)
Solanum oleraceum Dunal in J.L.M.Poiret, Encycl., Suppl. 3 (1814)
Solanum pachystylum Polgar in Trans. & Proc. Roy. Soc. New Zealand 69 (1939)
Solanum papilionaceum Dum.Cours. in Bot. Cult. 2 (1801)
Solanum patulum (L.) Roth in Catal. Bot. 2 (1800)
Solanum pauciflorum (Liou) H.Y.Zhang in Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 19 (1999)
Solanum photeinocarpum Nakamura & Odash. in J. Soc. Trop. Agric. 8 (1936),
Solanum pterocaulum Dunal in Hist. Nat. Solanum (1813)
Solanum quadrangulare L.f. in Suppl. Pl. (1782)
Solanum rumphii Dunal (1813)
Solanum sancti-thomae Bitter (1913)
Solanum sciaphilum Bitter (1912)
Solanum strictum Zuccagni in Cent. Observ. Bot. (1806)
Solanum suffruticosum var. merrillianum (Liou) C.Y.Wu & S.C.Huang in Fl. Hainan. 3 (1974)
Solanum tenellum Bitter (1912)
Solanum tenuiflorum Steud. in Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2. 2 (1841)
Solanum umbelliferum Torr. in Pacif. Railr. Rep. Parke, Bot. (1856)
.........................................
Learn more: dlium.com/2022/04/american-black-nightshade-solanum.html
Location: Ngablak, Magelang Regency, East Java Province, Indonesia.
Aryo Bandoro
Dlium TheDlium
Web: dlium.com
Part 1: youtube.com/watch?v=2liuEkMOSc4
Solanum chrysotrichum
youtube.com/watch?v=ynj2quhbf48
Solanum torvum
youtube.com/watch?v=sJmE4Qrgk1k
Solanum betaceum
youtube.com/watch?v=xz3fgQVkF7E
Solanum capsicoides
youtube.com/watch?v=9n_BSuHM5EQ
Solanum diphyllum
youtube.com/watch?v=Y7_-0HZx15U
Solanum nigrum
youtube.com/watch?v=ajKuMQUahWQ
Solanum pseudocapsicum
youtube.com/watch?v=ygnC1zwDXy8
#Dlium
American black nightshade or Solanum nigrum americanum (Solanum americanum) is a species of plant in the Solanaceae, annual or short-lived shrub, erect, growing to 1-1.5 meters in height, stems cylindrical, branched, green or black in color and may or may not be scaly.........................
Kingdom: Plantae
Phylum: Tracheophyta
Subphylum: Angiospermae
Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Solanales
Family: Solanaceae
Subfamily: Solanoideae
Tribe: Solaneae
Genus: Solanum L. in Sp. Pl.: 184 (1753)
Complex: Solanum nigrum
Species: Solanum americanum Mill. in Gard. Dict., ed. 8.: n.° 5 (1768)
Homotypic synonyms
Solanum nigrum var. americanum (Mill.) O.E.Schulz in Symb. Antill. 6 (1909)
Heterotypic synonyms
Solanum amarantoides Dunal in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 13(1) (1852)
Solanum americanum var. nodiflorum (Jacq.) Edmonds in J. Arnold Arbor. 52 (1971)
Solanum americanum subsp. nodiflorum (Jacq.) R.J.F.Hend. in Austrobaileya 2 (1988)
Solanum americanum subsp. nutans (R.J.F.Hend.) R.J.F.Hend. (1988)
Solanum americanum var. odishense Kalidass & P.Murugan in Bangladesh J. Bot. 23 (2016)
Solanum americanum var. patulum (L.) Edmonds in Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 75 (1977)
Solanum asperum Hornem. ex Walp. in Repert. Bot. Syst. 3 (1844)
Solanum calvum Bitter in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 12 (1913)
Solanum curtipes Bitter in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 11 (1912)
Solanum depilatum Bitter (1913)
Solanum desvauxii Ham. in Prodr. Pl. Ind. Occid. (1825)
Solanum dillenii Schult. in Oestr. Fl., ed. 2, 1 (1814)
Solanum erythrocarpon G.Mey. in Prim. Fl. Esseq. (1818)
Solanum imerinense Bitter in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 49 (1913)
Solanum inconspicuum Bitter (1912)
Solanum indecorum A.Rich. in Hist. Fis. Cuba 11 (1850)
Solanum inops Dunal (1852)
Solanum merrillianum Liou in Contr. Inst. Bot. Natl. Acad. Peiping 3 (1935)
Solanum microspermum Dunal in Solan. Syn. (1816)
Solanum minutibaccatum Bitter in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 10 (1912)
Solanum nigrum var. aguaraquiya (Sendtn.) Witasek in Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss., Wien. Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 79(advance separate) (1910)
Solanum nigrum subsp. aguaraquiya Sendtn. in C.F.P.von Martius & auct. suc. (eds.), Fl. Bras. 10 (1846)
Solanum nigrum var. angulosum Sendtn. (1846)
Solanum nigrum var. dillenii (Schult.) A.Gray in Syn. Fl. N. Amer. 2(1) (1878)
Solanum nigrum subsp. dillenii (Schult.) Schur in Enum. Pl. Transsilv. (1866)
Solanum nigrum f. grandifolium O.E.Schulz (1909)
Solanum nigrum var. heterogonum (Dunal) Witasek (1910)
Solanum nigrum var. minus Hook.f. in Trans. Linn. Soc. London 20 (1847)
Solanum nigrum var. nodiflorum (Jacq.) A.Gray (1878)
Solanum nigrum subsp. nodiflorum (Jacq.) Sendtn. (1846)
Solanum nigrum f. nodiflorum (Jacq.) Miq. in Fl. Ned. Ind. 2 (1857)
Solanum nigrum var. oleraceum (Dunal) Hitchc. in Rep. (Annual) Missouri Bot. Gard. 4 (1893)
Solanum nigrum f. parvifolium O.E.Schulz (1909)
Solanum nigrum var. patulum L. in Sp. Pl.: (1753)
Solanum nigrum var. pauciflorum Liou (1935)
Solanum nigrum f. rumphii (Dunal) Miq. (1857)
Solanum nigrum f. uniflorum Miq. (1857)
Solanum nigrum var. violaceum H.Y.Chen ex Wessely in Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 63 (1960)
Solanum nodiflorum Jacq. in Collectanea 2 (1788)
Solanum oleraceum Dunal in J.L.M.Poiret, Encycl., Suppl. 3 (1814)
Solanum pachystylum Polgar in Trans. & Proc. Roy. Soc. New Zealand 69 (1939)
Solanum papilionaceum Dum.Cours. in Bot. Cult. 2 (1801)
Solanum patulum (L.) Roth in Catal. Bot. 2 (1800)
Solanum pauciflorum (Liou) H.Y.Zhang in Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 19 (1999)
Solanum photeinocarpum Nakamura & Odash. in J. Soc. Trop. Agric. 8 (1936),
Solanum pterocaulum Dunal in Hist. Nat. Solanum (1813)
Solanum quadrangulare L.f. in Suppl. Pl. (1782)
Solanum rumphii Dunal (1813)
Solanum sancti-thomae Bitter (1913)
Solanum sciaphilum Bitter (1912)
Solanum strictum Zuccagni in Cent. Observ. Bot. (1806)
Solanum suffruticosum var. merrillianum (Liou) C.Y.Wu & S.C.Huang in Fl. Hainan. 3 (1974)
Solanum tenellum Bitter (1912)
Solanum tenuiflorum Steud. in Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2. 2 (1841)
Solanum umbelliferum Torr. in Pacif. Railr. Rep. Parke, Bot. (1856)
.........................................
Learn more: dlium.com/2022/04/american-black-nightshade-solanum.html
Location: Ngablak, Magelang Regency, East Java Province, Indonesia.
Aryo Bandoro
Dlium TheDlium
Web: dlium.com







![Whitehead spikesedge (Cyperus mindorensis) - part 1
Part 2 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xC-NiHKZhns
Cyperus alternifolius :
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WzuzUJFga60
Cyperus cyperoides :
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3T0aznlibVk
Cyperus diffusus :
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O5aFwbbAb9Y
Cyperus iria :
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=laHjJE5IzNE
Cyperus odoratus :
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GlSopqAKGSg
Cyperus rotundus :
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v bnUnYxouHU
#Dlium
Whitehead spikesedge (Cyperus mindorensis) is a species of herbaceous, flowering plant in the Cyperaceae family. The leaves are linear, ribbon-shaped, green, 1.5–3 mm wide and up to 55 cm long. They emerge from green to purplish-brown sheaths.
The flower stalks are erect, up to 60 cm tall, angular, and green. The flowers are at the end of the stalks, forming a spherical, up to 1 cm wide, white inflorescence. This species reproduces vegetatively using underground, horizontal rhizomes and regeneratively using seeds.
Kingdom: Plantae
Phylum: Tracheophyta
Subphylum: Angiospermae
Class: Liliopsida
Order: Poales
Family: Cyperaceae
Subfamily: Cyperoideae
Tribe: Cypereae
Genus: Cyperus L. in Sp. Pl.: 44 (1753)
Species: Cyperus mindorensis (Steud.) Huygh in Phytotaxa 166: 39 (2014)
Homotypic Synonyms
Kyllinga mindorensis Steud. in Syn. Pl. Glumac. 2: 67 (1854)
Kyllinga monocephala var. mindorensis (Steud.) Boeckeler in Linnaea 35: 428 (1868)
Heterotypic Synonyms
Cyperus curvispiculosus T.Koyama in Naturaliste Canad. 82: 215 (1955)
Cyperus kyllingia f. humilis (Boeckeler) Kük. in H.G.A.Engler (ed.), Pflanzenr., IV, 20(Heft 101): 608 (1936)
Cyperus kyllingia var. latifolius (Boeckeler) Kük. (1936)
Cyperus kyllingia f. subtriceps (Kunth) Kük. (1936)
Cyperus kyllingia f. tenuis (Boeckeler) Kük. (1936)
Cyperus leucocephalus Hassk. in Pl. Jav. Rar.: 87 (1848)
Cyperus sesquiflorus f. latifolius (Boeckeler) Kük. (1936)
Kyllinga cephalotes Druce in Rep. Bot. Soc. Exch. Club Brit. Isles 1916: 630 (1917)
Kyllinga curvispiculosa (T.Koyama) P.H.Hô in Cayco Vietnam 3: 699 (1993)
Kyllinga gracilis Zoll. in A.Moritzi, Syst. Verz. Java: 63 (1846)
Kyllinga intermedia Seem. in Bonplandia (Hannover) 9: 261 (1861)
Kyllinga monocephala Stokes in Bot. Mat. Med. 1: 120 (1812)
Kyllinga monocephala var. humilis Boeckeler (1868)
Kyllinga monocephala var. latifolia Boeckeler (1868)
Kyllinga monocephala var. subtriceps Kunth in Enum. Pl. 2: 130 (1837)
Kyllinga monocephala var. tenuis Boeckeler (1868)
Kyllinga nemoralis (J.R.Forst. & G.Forst.) Dandy ex Hutch. & Dalziel in Fl. W. Trop. Afr. 2: 487 (1936)
Kyllinga nemoralis var. subnemoralis Wad.Khan & Sardesai in Cyperaceae W. Ghats, W. Coast & Maharashtra: 271 (2015 publ. 2014)
Kyllinga planiculmis C.B.Clarke ex Cherm. in Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 25: 209 (1919)
Kyllinga planiculmis var. mucronata Cherm. in Bull. Soc. Bot. France 72: 613 (1925)
Scirpus cephalotes Jacq. in Hort. Bot. Vindob. 1: 42 (1771)
Thryocephalon nemorale J.R.Forst. & G.Forst. in Char. Gen. Pl., ed. 2.: 130 (1776)
Publications
Gosline, G., Bidault, E., van der Burgt, X., Cahen, D., Challen, G., Condé, N., Couch, C., Couvreur, T.L.P., Dagallier, L.M.J., Darbyshire, I., Dawson, S., Doré, T.S., Goyder, D., Grall, A., Haba, P., Haba, P., Harris, D., Hind, D.J.N., Jongkind, & al. (2023). A Taxonomically-verified and Vouchered Checklist of the Vascular Plants of the Republic of Guinea. Nature, scientific data 10, Article number: 327: [1]-[12].
Middleton, D.J. & al. (eds.) (2019). Flora of Singapore 7: 1-525. Singapore Botanic Gardens.
Plunkett, G.M., Ranker, T.A., Sam, C. & Balick, M.J. (2022). Towards a checklist of the vascular flora of Vanuatu. Candollea 77: 105-118.
Whistler, W.A. (2022). Flora of Samoa Flowering Plants: 1-930. National Tropical Botanicl Garden. Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History.
Assamese: Keya bon
Bengali: Nirbishi নির্বিশী
Chamorro: CHåguan Lemmai
Chinese (simplified): 单穗水蜈蚣
Chinese (traditional): 單穗水蜈蚣
English: Whitehead cyperus, Whitehead spikesedge, Whitehead grass, White water sedge, White kyllinga, White-flowered Kyllinga
Hindi: निर्विषी - निर्बीसी Nirvishi, Nirbisi
Indonesia: Teki pentol, Pentol bitung
Japanese: オオヒメクグ - シロヒメクグ
Java: Teki pentol, Pentol biting
Kannada: Anantha konde hullu, Neervisha musthe
Malayalam: Muttanna, Velutta nirvasi, Palnivasi, Pimuttanna
Manipuri: Kouthum
Marathi: Nirvishi
Mizo: Pi-sa-um-bur
Nepali: निर्विशी Nirviśī
Sanskrit: Apavisha, Avisha, Musta, Svetanirvisa, Vishabhava, Vishaha, Vishahantri, Vishapaha, Vishavairini, Vivisha, Nirvisha, Svetanirvisa
Sinhala: වේලුට්ට නිර්බාසි Vēluṭṭa nirbāsi
Slovak: šachor mindorský
Spanish: Junco asiático blanco
Tamil: வேலுத்த நிர்பசி Velutta nirbasi
Telugu: Gandala
Tulu: Boldu nirvisho
Learn more: https://www.dlium.com/2023/12/whitehead-spikesedge-cyperus-mindorensis.html
Location: Purworejo, Purworejo Regency, Central Java Province, Indonesia.
Aryo Bandoro
Dlium TheDlium
Web: https://www.dlium.com Whitehead spikesedge (Cyperus mindorensis) - part 1](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/p876M93fF58/mqdefault.jpg)


