Uploaded February 2024 | Updated September 2026, 3 weeks ago
Part 1: youtube.com/watch?v=pG_KKJt-dkU
Sida alnifolia
youtube.com/watch?v=xTJaBVYGAxU
Sida javensis
youtube.com/watch?v=a9tPJgu9njI
Sida rhombifolia
youtube.com/watch?v=gD8pT0Lmk24
Sida spinosa
youtube.com/watch?v=ZSXJwEiwuSA
#Dlium Galunggang or common wireweed or spinyhead sida (Sida acuta) is a plant species in the Malvaceae, erect herbaceous, cylindrical stems, branched, dense, green, white-haired, growing in forests, agricultural land, waterways and roadsides.
S. acuta has alternately seated leaves with stalks much shorter than blades. Leaves are simple in shape, lanceolate to linear, rarely ovate to oblong, length up to 10 cm, width up to 7 cm, obtuse at base, taper at apex, margins serrated and widely spaced.
Small flowers, disc-shaped, grow in the axils, diameter up to 2 cm, 2-3 items in a cluster. Centrally jointed stalk, no epicalix, complete, bisexual, regular, actinomorphic, hypogynous, pentamer and yellow.
Sepal five-part, gamosepalous, campanulate, slightly accressed, persistent, valvate. Petals five-part, polypetalous but slightly connate below and connected by staminal columns, crooked.
Stamens numerous, monadelphous, arranged in staminal columns. Stamina column shorter than calyx, divided above into many filaments, anthers monothecous, reniform, basifixed, short filaments, extrorse. The pollen grains are globose with spikes, about 90 microns in size.
Carples of five items, syncarpous, ovary superior, penta or multilocular with axile placentation, one ovule in each locule. Stigma round, according to the number of carpels. A schizocarpic pepperrp, 1 seed in each pepperrp.
Kingdom: Plantae
Phylum: Tracheophyta
Subphylum: Angiospermae
Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Malvales
Family: Malvaceae
Subfamily: Malvoideae
Tribe: Malveae
Genus: Sida L. in Sp. Pl.: 683 (1753)
Species: Sida acuta Burm.f. in Fl. Indica: 147 (1768)
Homotypic Synonyms
Sida carpinifolia f. acuta (Burm.f.) Millsp. in Publ. Field Columb. Mus., Bot. Ser. 2: 71 (1900)
Sida carpinifolia var. acuta (Burm.f.) Kurz in J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 45: 119 (1876)
Heterotypic Synonyms
Sida acuta var. madagascariensis Hochr. in Annuaire Conserv. Jard. Bot. Genève 20: 73 (1916)
Sida arrudiana Monteiro in Monogr. Malvac. Bras. 1: 36 (1936)
Sida berlandieri Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 31(I): 197 (1858)
Sida betulina Lag. ex Spreng. in Syst. Veg., ed. 16. 3: 111 (1826)
Sida bodinieri Gand. in Bull. Soc. Bot. France 71: 632 (1924)
Sida bradei Ulbr. in Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 9: 42 (1924)
Sida brasila Schrank ex Link in Enum. Hort. Berol. Alt. 2: 203 (1822)
Sida capensis Cav. in Diss. 1: t. 12, f. 3 (1785)
Sida carpinifolia f. antilliana Millsp. (1900)
Sida carpinifolia f. spiraeifolia (Willd.) Millsp. (1900)
Sida chanetii Gand. (1924)
Sida commixta Gand. (1924)
Sida crassa Gand. (1924)
Sida disticha Sessé & Moc. in Fl. Mexic., ed. 2: 155 (1894)
Sida foliosa Splitg. ex de Vriese in Ned. Kruidk. Arch. 1: 340 (1848)
Sida frutescens Cav. (1785)
Sida garckeana Pol. in Linnaea 40: 551 (1877)
Sida glabra Nutt. in J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 7: 90 (1834)
Sida grandior Gand. (1924)
Sida jamaicensis Vell. in Fl. Flumin. 7: t. 10 (1829), nom. illeg. homonym. post.
Sida lancea Gand. (1924)
Sida lanceolata Retz. in Observ. Bot. 4: 38 (1786)
Sida malifolia Gand. (1924)
Sida martinicensis Gand. (1924)
Sida martiusiana Gand. (1924)
Sida orientalis DC. in Prodr. 1: 461 (1824)
Sida ovata G.Don in Gen. Hist. 1: 492 (1831)
Sida parens Gand. (1924)
Sida planicaulis DC. (1824)
Sida prostrata G.Don (1831)
Sida repanda Roth in Nov. Pl. Sp.: 328 (1821)
Sida rugosa Thonn. in C.F.Schumacher, Beskr. Guin. Pl.: 304 (1827)
Sida schrankii DC. (1824)
Sida scoparia Lour. in Fl. Cochinch.: 414 (1790)
Sida spiraeifolia Willd. in Enum. Pl. Hort. Berol., Suppl.: 49 (1814)
Sida stauntaniana DC. (1824)
Sida versatilis Gand. (1924)
Sida vogelii Hook.f. in W.J.Hooker, Niger Fl.: 231 (1849)
Sida zelotes Gand. (1924)
Publications:
George, A.S., Orchard, A.E. & Hewson, H.J. (eds.) (1993). Oceanic islands 2. Flora of Australia 50: 1-606. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra.
Girmansyah, D. & al. (eds.) (2013). Flora of Bali an annotated checklist: 1-158. Herbarium Bogorensis, Indonesia.
Smith, A.C. (1981). Flora Vitiensis Nova. A new flora for Fiji (Spermatophytes only) 2: 1-810. Pacific Tropical Botanical Garden, Lawai.
Sykes, W.R. (1970). Contributions to the flora of Niue. Bulletin, New Zealand Department of Scientific and Industrial Research 200: 1-321.
Turner, I.M. (1995). A catalogue of the Vascular Plants of Malaya. Gardens' Bulletin Singapore 47(1): 1-346.
Learn more: dlium.com/2023/08/spinyhead-sida-sida-acuta.html
Location: Jambu, Semarang Regency, Central Java Province, Indonesia.
Aryo Bandoro
Dlium TheDlium
Web: dlium.com
Part 1: youtube.com/watch?v=pG_KKJt-dkU
Sida alnifolia
youtube.com/watch?v=xTJaBVYGAxU
Sida javensis
youtube.com/watch?v=a9tPJgu9njI
Sida rhombifolia
youtube.com/watch?v=gD8pT0Lmk24
Sida spinosa
youtube.com/watch?v=ZSXJwEiwuSA
#Dlium Galunggang or common wireweed or spinyhead sida (Sida acuta) is a plant species in the Malvaceae, erect herbaceous, cylindrical stems, branched, dense, green, white-haired, growing in forests, agricultural land, waterways and roadsides.
S. acuta has alternately seated leaves with stalks much shorter than blades. Leaves are simple in shape, lanceolate to linear, rarely ovate to oblong, length up to 10 cm, width up to 7 cm, obtuse at base, taper at apex, margins serrated and widely spaced.
Small flowers, disc-shaped, grow in the axils, diameter up to 2 cm, 2-3 items in a cluster. Centrally jointed stalk, no epicalix, complete, bisexual, regular, actinomorphic, hypogynous, pentamer and yellow.
Sepal five-part, gamosepalous, campanulate, slightly accressed, persistent, valvate. Petals five-part, polypetalous but slightly connate below and connected by staminal columns, crooked.
Stamens numerous, monadelphous, arranged in staminal columns. Stamina column shorter than calyx, divided above into many filaments, anthers monothecous, reniform, basifixed, short filaments, extrorse. The pollen grains are globose with spikes, about 90 microns in size.
Carples of five items, syncarpous, ovary superior, penta or multilocular with axile placentation, one ovule in each locule. Stigma round, according to the number of carpels. A schizocarpic pepperrp, 1 seed in each pepperrp.
Kingdom: Plantae
Phylum: Tracheophyta
Subphylum: Angiospermae
Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Malvales
Family: Malvaceae
Subfamily: Malvoideae
Tribe: Malveae
Genus: Sida L. in Sp. Pl.: 683 (1753)
Species: Sida acuta Burm.f. in Fl. Indica: 147 (1768)
Homotypic Synonyms
Sida carpinifolia f. acuta (Burm.f.) Millsp. in Publ. Field Columb. Mus., Bot. Ser. 2: 71 (1900)
Sida carpinifolia var. acuta (Burm.f.) Kurz in J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 45: 119 (1876)
Heterotypic Synonyms
Sida acuta var. madagascariensis Hochr. in Annuaire Conserv. Jard. Bot. Genève 20: 73 (1916)
Sida arrudiana Monteiro in Monogr. Malvac. Bras. 1: 36 (1936)
Sida berlandieri Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 31(I): 197 (1858)
Sida betulina Lag. ex Spreng. in Syst. Veg., ed. 16. 3: 111 (1826)
Sida bodinieri Gand. in Bull. Soc. Bot. France 71: 632 (1924)
Sida bradei Ulbr. in Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 9: 42 (1924)
Sida brasila Schrank ex Link in Enum. Hort. Berol. Alt. 2: 203 (1822)
Sida capensis Cav. in Diss. 1: t. 12, f. 3 (1785)
Sida carpinifolia f. antilliana Millsp. (1900)
Sida carpinifolia f. spiraeifolia (Willd.) Millsp. (1900)
Sida chanetii Gand. (1924)
Sida commixta Gand. (1924)
Sida crassa Gand. (1924)
Sida disticha Sessé & Moc. in Fl. Mexic., ed. 2: 155 (1894)
Sida foliosa Splitg. ex de Vriese in Ned. Kruidk. Arch. 1: 340 (1848)
Sida frutescens Cav. (1785)
Sida garckeana Pol. in Linnaea 40: 551 (1877)
Sida glabra Nutt. in J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 7: 90 (1834)
Sida grandior Gand. (1924)
Sida jamaicensis Vell. in Fl. Flumin. 7: t. 10 (1829), nom. illeg. homonym. post.
Sida lancea Gand. (1924)
Sida lanceolata Retz. in Observ. Bot. 4: 38 (1786)
Sida malifolia Gand. (1924)
Sida martinicensis Gand. (1924)
Sida martiusiana Gand. (1924)
Sida orientalis DC. in Prodr. 1: 461 (1824)
Sida ovata G.Don in Gen. Hist. 1: 492 (1831)
Sida parens Gand. (1924)
Sida planicaulis DC. (1824)
Sida prostrata G.Don (1831)
Sida repanda Roth in Nov. Pl. Sp.: 328 (1821)
Sida rugosa Thonn. in C.F.Schumacher, Beskr. Guin. Pl.: 304 (1827)
Sida schrankii DC. (1824)
Sida scoparia Lour. in Fl. Cochinch.: 414 (1790)
Sida spiraeifolia Willd. in Enum. Pl. Hort. Berol., Suppl.: 49 (1814)
Sida stauntaniana DC. (1824)
Sida versatilis Gand. (1924)
Sida vogelii Hook.f. in W.J.Hooker, Niger Fl.: 231 (1849)
Sida zelotes Gand. (1924)
Publications:
George, A.S., Orchard, A.E. & Hewson, H.J. (eds.) (1993). Oceanic islands 2. Flora of Australia 50: 1-606. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra.
Girmansyah, D. & al. (eds.) (2013). Flora of Bali an annotated checklist: 1-158. Herbarium Bogorensis, Indonesia.
Smith, A.C. (1981). Flora Vitiensis Nova. A new flora for Fiji (Spermatophytes only) 2: 1-810. Pacific Tropical Botanical Garden, Lawai.
Sykes, W.R. (1970). Contributions to the flora of Niue. Bulletin, New Zealand Department of Scientific and Industrial Research 200: 1-321.
Turner, I.M. (1995). A catalogue of the Vascular Plants of Malaya. Gardens' Bulletin Singapore 47(1): 1-346.
Learn more: dlium.com/2023/08/spinyhead-sida-sida-acuta.html
Location: Jambu, Semarang Regency, Central Java Province, Indonesia.
Aryo Bandoro
Dlium TheDlium
Web: dlium.com
