Uploaded February 2024 | Updated September 2026, 3 weeks ago
Part 1: youtube.com/watch?v=g49Aqtk0oEo
Phyllostachys aurea
youtube.com/watch?v=DvkW0XLo9EE
Bambusa multiplex
youtube.com/watch?v=FZlubIDvA3E
Schizostachyum brachycladum
youtube.com/watch?v=RQQAgVKfTW0
Bambusa vulgaris ssp. vittata
youtube.com/watch?v=2nVY0mxL9So
#Dlium Monastery bamboo or siam bamboo (Thyrsostachys siamensis) is a plant species in Poaceae, bamboo that is clumped, upright stems, densely packed, green, pale green shoots or purplish, widely used for ornamental plants, living fences, wind barrier and bamboo shoots used for vegetables.
T. siamensis has straight stems or curved ends, 8-14 m tall, branches appear high above the ground with many branches in a segment where one is bigger than the other branches.
The segment has a length of 15-39 cm and a diameter of 2-16 cm. The walls are very thick, even solid at the bottom, smooth, grayish green, usually covered by a reed which is not falling out. The boundary of the segment is not prominent with the whitish ring just below the segment.
The reed is not loose, 20-25 cm long, 8-10 cm wide at the base and narrowed to 2.5 cm at the end, pale green or purplish with white hairs scattered on the outside, brown ends yellowish and thinning to dry.
The leaves are long and narrow, 7-14 cm long, 5-10 mm wide, pale green which is whitish and generally lokos. Striped leaf midrib, white haired at a margin, midrib or small ear size. Ligula is very short, flat and smooth-haired.
This bamboo grows in semi-evergreen or drier forests on nutrient-poor soils, mixed forests and teak forests at an elevation of 300-400 meters, rainfall 800-1000 mm/year. This bamboo can grow in various types of soil as long as it is not waterlogged.
Bamboo is used as a home herb and for general household purposes. Reeds are used to make baskets, handicrafts, chopsticks, umbrella handles and feather dusters, fishing rods, pulp and firewood.
The bamboo shoots are hailed as one of the tastiest. This bamboo is popular as a garden and roadside decoration because it is beautiful. The plants are also often planted in rows as hedges and windbreakers.
Kingdom: Plantae
Phylum: Tracheophyta
Subphylum: Angiospermae
Class: Liliopsida
Order: Poales
Family: Poaceae
Subfamily: Bambusoideae
Tribe: Bambuseae
Subtribe: Bambusinae
Genus: Thyrsostachys Gamble in Indian Forester 20: 1 (1896)
Species: Thyrsostachys siamensis Gamble in Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 7: 59 (1896)
Heterotypic Synonyms
Arundarbor regia (Thomson ex Munro) Kuntze in Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 761 (1891)
Arundinaria siamensis Kurz in J.E.Teijsmann & S.Binnendijk, Cat. Hort. Bot. Bogor.: 19 (1866), nom. nud.
Bambusa regia Thomson ex Munro in Trans. Linn. Soc. London 26: 116 (1868)
Bambusa siamensis Kurz ex Munro in Trans. Linn. Soc. London 26: 116 (1868), pro syn.
Thyrsostachys regia (Thomson ex Munro) Bennet in Indian Forester 114: 711 (1988)
Publications:
Clayton, W.D., Harman, K.T. & Williamson, H. (2006). World Grass Species - Synonymy database The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Dassanayake (ed.) (1994). A Revised Handbook to the Flora of Ceylon 8: 1-458. Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. PVT. LTD., New Delhi, Calcutta.
Gilliland, H.B. (1971). A revised flora of Malaya 3: 1-319. The Royal Botanic Gardens, Singapore.
Kress, W.J., DeFilipps, R.A., Farr, E. & Kyi, D.Y.Y. (2003). A Checklist of the Trees, Shrubs, Herbs and Climbers of Myanmar. Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 45: 1-590.
Kumari, P., Singh, P. & Mao, A.A. (eds.) (2024). Flora of India 30: 1-334. Botanical Survey of India.
Newman, M., Ketphanh, S., Svengsuksa, B., Thomas, P., Sengdala, K., Lamxay, V. & Armstrong, K. (2007). A checklist of the vascular plants of Lao PDR: 1-394. Royal Botanic Gardens, Edinburgh.
Wu, Z. & Raven, P.H. (eds.) (2006). Poaceae. Flora of China 22: 1-733. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis
Chinese (simplified): 泰竹
Chinese (traditional): 暹羅竹 - 泰竹
English: Siam bamboo, Monastery bamboo, Thai bamboo, Monastery bamboo, Umbrella bamboo, Thai umbrella bamboo, Umbrella-handle bamboo.
Filipino: Thailand bamboo
Hong Kong: 泰竹
Indonesian: Bambu siam, bambu bangkok
Javanese: Pring payung
Lithuanian: Siaminis šluotbambukis
Thai: ไผ่รวก
Learn more: dlium.com/2020/05/siam-bamboo-thyrsostachys-siamensis.html
Location: Kokap, Kulon Progo Regency, Yogyakarta Province, Indonesia.
Aryo Bandoro
Dlium TheDlium
Web: dlium.com
Part 1: youtube.com/watch?v=g49Aqtk0oEo
Phyllostachys aurea
youtube.com/watch?v=DvkW0XLo9EE
Bambusa multiplex
youtube.com/watch?v=FZlubIDvA3E
Schizostachyum brachycladum
youtube.com/watch?v=RQQAgVKfTW0
Bambusa vulgaris ssp. vittata
youtube.com/watch?v=2nVY0mxL9So
#Dlium Monastery bamboo or siam bamboo (Thyrsostachys siamensis) is a plant species in Poaceae, bamboo that is clumped, upright stems, densely packed, green, pale green shoots or purplish, widely used for ornamental plants, living fences, wind barrier and bamboo shoots used for vegetables.
T. siamensis has straight stems or curved ends, 8-14 m tall, branches appear high above the ground with many branches in a segment where one is bigger than the other branches.
The segment has a length of 15-39 cm and a diameter of 2-16 cm. The walls are very thick, even solid at the bottom, smooth, grayish green, usually covered by a reed which is not falling out. The boundary of the segment is not prominent with the whitish ring just below the segment.
The reed is not loose, 20-25 cm long, 8-10 cm wide at the base and narrowed to 2.5 cm at the end, pale green or purplish with white hairs scattered on the outside, brown ends yellowish and thinning to dry.
The leaves are long and narrow, 7-14 cm long, 5-10 mm wide, pale green which is whitish and generally lokos. Striped leaf midrib, white haired at a margin, midrib or small ear size. Ligula is very short, flat and smooth-haired.
This bamboo grows in semi-evergreen or drier forests on nutrient-poor soils, mixed forests and teak forests at an elevation of 300-400 meters, rainfall 800-1000 mm/year. This bamboo can grow in various types of soil as long as it is not waterlogged.
Bamboo is used as a home herb and for general household purposes. Reeds are used to make baskets, handicrafts, chopsticks, umbrella handles and feather dusters, fishing rods, pulp and firewood.
The bamboo shoots are hailed as one of the tastiest. This bamboo is popular as a garden and roadside decoration because it is beautiful. The plants are also often planted in rows as hedges and windbreakers.
Kingdom: Plantae
Phylum: Tracheophyta
Subphylum: Angiospermae
Class: Liliopsida
Order: Poales
Family: Poaceae
Subfamily: Bambusoideae
Tribe: Bambuseae
Subtribe: Bambusinae
Genus: Thyrsostachys Gamble in Indian Forester 20: 1 (1896)
Species: Thyrsostachys siamensis Gamble in Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 7: 59 (1896)
Heterotypic Synonyms
Arundarbor regia (Thomson ex Munro) Kuntze in Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 761 (1891)
Arundinaria siamensis Kurz in J.E.Teijsmann & S.Binnendijk, Cat. Hort. Bot. Bogor.: 19 (1866), nom. nud.
Bambusa regia Thomson ex Munro in Trans. Linn. Soc. London 26: 116 (1868)
Bambusa siamensis Kurz ex Munro in Trans. Linn. Soc. London 26: 116 (1868), pro syn.
Thyrsostachys regia (Thomson ex Munro) Bennet in Indian Forester 114: 711 (1988)
Publications:
Clayton, W.D., Harman, K.T. & Williamson, H. (2006). World Grass Species - Synonymy database The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Dassanayake (ed.) (1994). A Revised Handbook to the Flora of Ceylon 8: 1-458. Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. PVT. LTD., New Delhi, Calcutta.
Gilliland, H.B. (1971). A revised flora of Malaya 3: 1-319. The Royal Botanic Gardens, Singapore.
Kress, W.J., DeFilipps, R.A., Farr, E. & Kyi, D.Y.Y. (2003). A Checklist of the Trees, Shrubs, Herbs and Climbers of Myanmar. Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 45: 1-590.
Kumari, P., Singh, P. & Mao, A.A. (eds.) (2024). Flora of India 30: 1-334. Botanical Survey of India.
Newman, M., Ketphanh, S., Svengsuksa, B., Thomas, P., Sengdala, K., Lamxay, V. & Armstrong, K. (2007). A checklist of the vascular plants of Lao PDR: 1-394. Royal Botanic Gardens, Edinburgh.
Wu, Z. & Raven, P.H. (eds.) (2006). Poaceae. Flora of China 22: 1-733. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis
Chinese (simplified): 泰竹
Chinese (traditional): 暹羅竹 - 泰竹
English: Siam bamboo, Monastery bamboo, Thai bamboo, Monastery bamboo, Umbrella bamboo, Thai umbrella bamboo, Umbrella-handle bamboo.
Filipino: Thailand bamboo
Hong Kong: 泰竹
Indonesian: Bambu siam, bambu bangkok
Javanese: Pring payung
Lithuanian: Siaminis šluotbambukis
Thai: ไผ่รวก
Learn more: dlium.com/2020/05/siam-bamboo-thyrsostachys-siamensis.html
Location: Kokap, Kulon Progo Regency, Yogyakarta Province, Indonesia.
Aryo Bandoro
Dlium TheDlium
Web: dlium.com




![Beach spider lily (Hymenocallis littoralis)
Scadoxus multiflorus
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5JVsTQg6KnQ
Hippeastrum puniceum
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AlS4BIrI5ns
Lilium formosanum
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZtEa_m87Dm0
Calanthe speciosa
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ADUhcALUPj4
Pecteilis susannae
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q_wzOtA2OY0
#Dlium
Beach spider lily (Hymenocallis littoralis) is plant species in Amaryllidaceae, herbaceous perennial, up to 80 cm tall, with bulbs 7-10 cm in diameter and over time developing a neck 4-5 cm in diameter. The leaves are elongated, flat, thick, up to 80 cm long and up to 3 cm wide.
The flowers are large, white, vanilla-scented, and in sticky clusters. The flower awns are attached to staminal cups. Each flower tube is up to 17 cm long or longer.
Kingdom: Plantae
Phylum: Tracheophyta
Subphylum: Angiospermae
Class: Liliopsida
Order: Asparagales
Family: Amaryllidaceae
Subfamily: Amaryllidoideae
Tribe: Hymenocallideae
Genus: Hymenocallis Salisb. in Trans. Hort. Soc. London 1: 338 (1812)
Species: Hymenocallis littoralis (Jacq.) Salisb. in Trans. Hort. Soc. London 1: 338 (1812)
Homotypic Synonyms
Hymenocallis adnata Herb. in Amaryllidaceae: 215 (1837)
Hymenocallis adnata var. littoralis (Jacq.) Herb. (1837)
Hymenocallis adnata var. princeps Herb. (1837)
Hymenocallis littoralis var. longituba Herb. in Bot. Mag. 53: t. 2621 (1826)
Pancratium littorale Jacq. in Select. Stirp. Amer. Hist.: 99 (1763)
Troxistemon littoralis (Jacq.) Raf. in Fl. Tellur. 4: 23 (1838)
Heterotypic Synonyms
Hymenocallis adnata var. disticha (Sims) Herb. (1837)
Hymenocallis adnata var. driandrina Herb. (1837)
Hymenocallis adnata var. dryanderi (Ker Gawl.) Kunth in Enum. Pl. 5: 677 (1850)
Hymenocallis adnata var. staplesiana Herb. (1837)
Hymenocallis americana (Mill.) M.Roem. in Fam. Nat. Syn. Monogr. 4: 176 (1847)
Hymenocallis americana f. disticha (Sims) Voss in Vilm. Blumengärtn., ed. 3. 1: 1021 (1895)
Hymenocallis americana f. dryanderi (Ker Gawl.) Voss (1895)
Hymenocallis americana f. staplesiana (Herb.) Voss (1895)
Hymenocallis arenaria M.Roem. (1847)
Hymenocallis biflora K.Koch & C.D.Bouché in Wochenschr. Vereines Beförd. Gartenbaues Königl. Preuss. Staaten 9: 370 (1866)
Hymenocallis disticha (Sims) Herb. in Appendix: 44 (1821)
Hymenocallis dryanderi (Ker Gawl.) M.Roem. (1847)
Hymenocallis insignis Kunth (1850)
Hymenocallis littoralis var. disticha (Sims) Herb. ex Sims & Curtis in Bot. Mag. 53: t. 2621 (1826)
Hymenocallis littoralis var. dryanderi (Ker Gawl.) Herb. ex Sims in Bot. Mag. 53: t. 2621 (1826)
Hymenocallis niederleinii Pax in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 11: 326 (1889)
Hymenocallis panamensis Lindl. in Edwardss Bot. Reg. 27(Misc.): 67 (1841)
Hymenocallis pedalis Herb. (1821)
Hymenocallis peruviana M.Roem. (1847)
Hymenocallis senegambica Kunth & C.D.Bouché in Index Seminum (B, Berolinensis) 1848: 12 (1848)
Hymenocallis staplesiana (Herb.) M.Roem. (1847)
Hymenocallis staplesii Sweet in Hort. Brit., ed. 2: 513 (1830)
Hymenocallis tenuiflora Herb. (1821)
Pancratium americanum Mill. in Gard. Dict., ed. 8.: n.° 7 (1768)
Pancratium distichum Sims in Bot. Mag. 44: t. 1879 (1817)
Pancratium dryanderi Ker Gawl. in J. Sci. Arts (London) 3: 326 (1817)
Pancratium littorale var. dryanderi (Ker Gawl.) Schult. & Schult.f. in Syst. Veg. 7: 919 (1830)
Pancratium pedale (Herb.) Schult. & Schult.f. in J.J.Roemer & J.A.Schultes, Syst. Veg., ed. 15[bis]. 7: 916 (1830)
Pancratium staplesii (Sweet) Steud. in Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2. 2: 251 (1841)
Pancratium tenuiflorum (Herb.) Herb. ex Steud. (1841)
Troxistemon distichus (Sims) Raf. (1838)
Troxistemon dryanderi (Ker Gawl.) Raf. (1838)
Publications
Brown, F.B.H. (1931). Flora of Southeastern Polynesia. Bernice P. Bishop Museum Bulletin 84: 1-194.
Dassanayake (ed.) (2000). A Revised Handbook to the Flora of Ceylon 14: 1-307. Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. PVT. LTD., New Delhi, Calcutta.
Fosberg, F.R., Sachet, M.-H., Oliver, R. (1987). A Geographical Checklist of the Micronesian Monocotyledonae. Micronesica; Journal of the College of Guam 20: 19-129.
Kalkman, C. & al. (eds.) (1992-1994). Flora Malesiana 11: 1-768. Noordhoff-Kolff N.V., Djakarta.
Robertson, S.A. (1989). Flowering Plants of Seychelles: 1-327. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Smith, A.C. (1979). Flora Vitiensis Nova. A new flora for Fiji (Spermatophytes only) 1: 1-495. Pacific Tropical Botanical Garden, Lawai.
Arabic: زنبق العنكبوت الشاطئي
Bengali: সৈকত স্পাইডার লিলি
Chinese (simplified): 水鬼蕉 - 水鬼蕉 - 蜘蛛兰)
Chinese (traditional): 水鬼蕉
English: Bakungan, Spider lily, Beach spider lily
Hindi: समुद्रतट मकड़ी लिली
Indonesian: Bakungan
Japanese: ササガニユリ
Korean: 해변거미백합
Thai: พลับพลึงตีนเป็ด
Urdu: بیچ مکڑی للی
Learn more: https://www.dlium.com/2025/03/beach-spider-lily-hymenocallis.html
Location: Limbangan, Kendal Regency, Central Java Province, Indonesia.
Aryo Bandoro
Dlium TheDlium
Web: https://www.dlium.com Beach spider lily (Hymenocallis littoralis)](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/XM7QS2spa9c/mqdefault.jpg)




![Kashmir tree (Gmelina arborea) - part 2
Part 1: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=25gEa7SrMug
Tectona grandis
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n9xY2xgkWe8
Calophyllum inophyllum
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mMgqztBEGjk
Aleurites moluccanus
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TLf4RhxP_ks
Ziziphus mauritiana
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LGYduXpeIm0
#Dlium White teak or Kashmir tree (Gmelina arborea) is a species of plant in the Lamiaceae, a large tree with a straight, cylindrical trunk, branched, hardwood, white bark, mainly used for the production of high quality wood.
G. arborea has heart-shaped leaves, length about 27 cm, width about 21 cm, margins flat, base flat, tip pointed, a large vein in the middle with many small pinnate veins, green on top and pale green underside and stalk length about 27 cm.
Flowering and fruiting every year. The fruit ripens in 1.5 months after flowering. The fruit is round, fleshy, 20-35 mm long, shiny skin, soft mesocarp, slightly sweet taste. The seeds are very hard like stones, 16-25 mm long, smooth surface and green or yellow in color, one end is round, the other is pointed, 4 spaces, 1000 stone seeds weigh 400 grams.
Kingdom: Plantae
Phylum: Tracheophyta
Subphylum: Angiospermae
Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Lamiales
Family: Lamiaceae
Subfamily: Premnoideae
Genus: Gmelina L. in Sp. Pl.: 626 (1753)
Species: Gmelina arborea Roxb. ex Sm. in A.Rees, Cycl. 16: n.° 4 (1810)
Homotypic Synonyms
Gmelina rheedei Hook. in Bot. Mag. 74: t. 4395 (1848), nom. illeg.
Heterotypic Synonyms
Gmelina arborea var. canescens Haines in Forest Fl. Chota Nagpur: 82 (1910)
Gmelina arborea f. dentata Moldenke in Phytologia 8: 14 (1961)
Gmelina arborea var. glaucescens C.B.Clarke in J.D.Hooker, Fl. Brit. India 4: 582 (1885)
Gmelina oblongifolia Roxb. in Fl. Ind., ed. 1832. 3: 83 (1832)
Gmelina sinuata Link in Enum. Hort. Berol. Alt. 2: 128 (1822)
Premna arborea Roth in Nov. Pl. Sp.: 287 (1821)
Publications:
Balkrishna, A. (2018). Flora of Morni Hills (Research & Possibilities): 1-581. Divya Yoga Mandir Trust.
Gosline, G., Bidault, E., van der Burgt, X., Cahen, D., Challen, G., Condé, N., Couch, C., Couvreur, T.L.P., Dagallier, L.M.J., Darbyshire, I., Dawson, S., Doré, T.S., Goyder, D., Grall, A., Haba, P., Haba, P., Harris, D., Hind, D.J.N., Jongkind, & al. (2023). A Taxonomically-verified and Vouchered Checklist of the Vascular Plants of the Republic of Guinea. Nature, scientific data 10, Article number: 327: [1]-[12].
Govaerts, R. (2003). World Checklist of Selected Plant Families Database in ACCESS: 1-216203. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Karthigeyan, K., Pandey, R.P. & Mao, A.A. (eds.) (2023). Flora of Andaman and Nicobar Islands 2: 1-689. Botanical Survey of India. Ministry of environment, forest and climate change.
Kotiya, A., Solanki, Y. & Reddy, G.V. (2020). Flora of Rajasthan: 1-769. Rajasthan state biodiversity board.
Rajbhandari, K.R., Rai, S.K. & Chhetri, R. (2022). A Handbook of the Flowering Plants of Nepal 4: 1-522. Department of Plant Resources, Thapathali, Kathmandu, Nepal.
Smith, A.C. (1991). Flora Vitiensis Nova. A new flora for Fiji (Spermatophytes only) 5: 1-626. Pacific Tropical Botanical Garden, Lawai.
Sykes, W.R. (2016). Flora of the Cook Islands: 1-973. National Tropical Botanical Garden, Hawaii.
de Kok, R. (2012). A revision of the genus Gmelina (Lamiaceae). Kew Bulletin 67: 293-329.
Assamese: Gomari
Bengali: গাম্বার Gamar
Burmese: ယီမန် Yemane
Chinese (simplified): 云南石梓
Chinese (traditional): 雲南石梓 - 印度石梓
English: Kashmir tree, Gamhar, Beechwood, Goomar teak, White teak
Gujarati: Shevan
Hindi: गमरी - गम्हार - गुमड़ी - गंभरी - भद्रपर्णी Gamari, Gamhar, Gumadi, Gambhari, Bhadraparni
Indonesian: Jati putih
Kannada: Shivani, Shivane, Seevanni, Kooli, Kumati, Kumbadi, Hucchunarave, Kumbale, Gamaari, Kaashmiri mara, Shivanimara
Khasi: Dieng lophiang
Konkani: Sirni, Shivan, Sini
Malayalam: Kumbil, Kumizh, Kumpil
Manipuri: Wang
Marathi: Sivan, Shivan, Thorshivani
Mizo: Thlanvawng
Naga: Imbeh ching
Nepali: कामारी Kamari
Oriya: Bhodropornni, Butalo, Thlanvawng
Punjabi: Gumhar
Sanskrit: Gambharee, Gambhari, Madhumatee, Kashmaree, Kashmiri, Sarvatobhadraa, Madhuparnikaa, Bhadraparnee, Sriparnee, Kumudaa, Sindhuparni, Sindhuveshanam, Stulatvacha
Sinhala: කුමලාමරම් Kumalāmaram
Tamil: குமளமரம் - குமுதை - கும்பல் - பெரு-ன்-குமில் Kumalaamaram, Kumutai, Kumpal, Peru-n-kumil
Tangkhul: Edanthing
Telugu: Peddagumudutekku, Pedda gumudu teku
Learn more: https://www.dlium.com/2021/09/kashmir-tree-gmelina-arborea.html
Location: Semanu, Gunung Kidul Regency, Yogyakarta Province, Indonesia.
Aryo Bandoro
Dlium
Web: https://www.dlium.com Kashmir tree (Gmelina arborea) - part 2](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/YTXi3ObhcRQ/mqdefault.jpg)
