Uploaded January 2024 | Updated September 2026, 3 weeks ago
Part 2: youtube.com/watch?v=8tuECDPrGb4
Part 1: youtube.com/watch?v=OfktDyjyLPA
#Dlium Tusam or gondorukem or Sumatran pine or Merkus pine (Pinus merkusii) is a plant species in the Pinaceae, 25-45 meters high, up to 1 meter in diameter, orange-red to black bark, thick, cracked and scaly on the upper crown .
P. merkusii has paired needle leaves, 15-20 cm long, less than 1 mm thick, green and yellowish in color. Woody cones are cone-shaped, 5-8 cm long, 2 cm wide at the base when closed, green and over time turn shiny red-brown.
Cones will open to a width of 4-5 cm at maturity to release seeds in all directions. Seeds have a length of 5-6 mm and wings of 15-20 mm to fly on the wind. Tusam has separate male and female sexual organs but in one individual.
P. merkusii is the only natural distribution of Pinaceae members south of the Equator. Mostly it grows at elevations of 400-1500 meters but sometimes at 90 meters to 2000 meters. Rainfall is 1000-3,500 mm/year and temperature is 18 - 32C. Grows in dry sandy, gravelly, latosol, alluvial and acid ultisol soils on sandstone and pH 4 - 6.5.
This tree generally covers the entire canopy in a large area, naturally dominates mountainous tropical forests in Indonesia, but is widely cultivated in a number of places to harvest the sap from the stem as raw material for turpentine and gondorukem or colophonium resin.
Trees contain allelopathic terpenoids (monoterpenes ɑ-pinene and β-pinene), flavonoids (pinocembrin), phenols, alkaloids, tannins, saponins, triterpenoids, steroids. Often used to treat skin diseases, diseases of the mucous membranes and respiratory complaints, overcome stress, relieve muscle pain, treat kidney and bladder complaints (internal application), rheumatism. Has several biological activities as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antifungal.
Kingdom: Plantae
Phylum: Tracheophyta
Class: Pinopsida
Order: Pinales
Family: Pinaceae
Subfamily: Pinoideae
Genus: Pinus
Subgenus: Pinus
Section: Pinus
Species: Pinus merkusii
Publications:
Dy Phon, P. (2000). Dictionnaire des plantes utilisées au Cambodge: 1-915. Chez l'auteur, Phnom Penh, Cambodia.
Farjon, A. (2001). World Checklist and Bibliography of Conifers, ed. 2: 1-309. The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Farjon, A. (2010). A handbook of the world's Conifers 2: 533-1111. BRILL, Leiden, Boston.
Thomas, P., Sengdala, K., Lamxay, V. & Khou, E. (2007). New records of conifers in Cambodia and Laos. Edinburgh Journal of Botany 64: 37-44.
Chinese (Simplified): 南亚松
Chinese (Traditional): 南亞松
English: Merkus pine. Sumatran pine, Philippine pine
French: pin de Sumatra
German: Merkus Kiefer
Hebrew: אורן מרקוס
Indonesian: Tusam, Tusam Sumatra
Japanese: メルクシマツ
Polish: sosna Merkusa
Thai: สนสองใบ
Arabic: صنوبر ميركوس
Hindi: मर्कस पाइन
Korean: 메르쿠스 소나무
Russian: Сосна Меркус
Spanish: Pino Merkus
Portuguese: Pinheiro Merkus
Learn more: dlium.com/2019/07/merkus-pine-pinus-merkusii.html
Location: Sapuran, Wonosobo Regency, Central Java Province, Indonesia.
Aryo Bandoro
Dlium TheDlium
Web: dlium.com
Part 2: youtube.com/watch?v=8tuECDPrGb4
Part 1: youtube.com/watch?v=OfktDyjyLPA
#Dlium Tusam or gondorukem or Sumatran pine or Merkus pine (Pinus merkusii) is a plant species in the Pinaceae, 25-45 meters high, up to 1 meter in diameter, orange-red to black bark, thick, cracked and scaly on the upper crown .
P. merkusii has paired needle leaves, 15-20 cm long, less than 1 mm thick, green and yellowish in color. Woody cones are cone-shaped, 5-8 cm long, 2 cm wide at the base when closed, green and over time turn shiny red-brown.
Cones will open to a width of 4-5 cm at maturity to release seeds in all directions. Seeds have a length of 5-6 mm and wings of 15-20 mm to fly on the wind. Tusam has separate male and female sexual organs but in one individual.
P. merkusii is the only natural distribution of Pinaceae members south of the Equator. Mostly it grows at elevations of 400-1500 meters but sometimes at 90 meters to 2000 meters. Rainfall is 1000-3,500 mm/year and temperature is 18 - 32C. Grows in dry sandy, gravelly, latosol, alluvial and acid ultisol soils on sandstone and pH 4 - 6.5.
This tree generally covers the entire canopy in a large area, naturally dominates mountainous tropical forests in Indonesia, but is widely cultivated in a number of places to harvest the sap from the stem as raw material for turpentine and gondorukem or colophonium resin.
Trees contain allelopathic terpenoids (monoterpenes ɑ-pinene and β-pinene), flavonoids (pinocembrin), phenols, alkaloids, tannins, saponins, triterpenoids, steroids. Often used to treat skin diseases, diseases of the mucous membranes and respiratory complaints, overcome stress, relieve muscle pain, treat kidney and bladder complaints (internal application), rheumatism. Has several biological activities as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antifungal.
Kingdom: Plantae
Phylum: Tracheophyta
Class: Pinopsida
Order: Pinales
Family: Pinaceae
Subfamily: Pinoideae
Genus: Pinus
Subgenus: Pinus
Section: Pinus
Species: Pinus merkusii
Publications:
Dy Phon, P. (2000). Dictionnaire des plantes utilisées au Cambodge: 1-915. Chez l'auteur, Phnom Penh, Cambodia.
Farjon, A. (2001). World Checklist and Bibliography of Conifers, ed. 2: 1-309. The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Farjon, A. (2010). A handbook of the world's Conifers 2: 533-1111. BRILL, Leiden, Boston.
Thomas, P., Sengdala, K., Lamxay, V. & Khou, E. (2007). New records of conifers in Cambodia and Laos. Edinburgh Journal of Botany 64: 37-44.
Chinese (Simplified): 南亚松
Chinese (Traditional): 南亞松
English: Merkus pine. Sumatran pine, Philippine pine
French: pin de Sumatra
German: Merkus Kiefer
Hebrew: אורן מרקוס
Indonesian: Tusam, Tusam Sumatra
Japanese: メルクシマツ
Polish: sosna Merkusa
Thai: สนสองใบ
Arabic: صنوبر ميركوس
Hindi: मर्कस पाइन
Korean: 메르쿠스 소나무
Russian: Сосна Меркус
Spanish: Pino Merkus
Portuguese: Pinheiro Merkus
Learn more: dlium.com/2019/07/merkus-pine-pinus-merkusii.html
Location: Sapuran, Wonosobo Regency, Central Java Province, Indonesia.
Aryo Bandoro
Dlium TheDlium
Web: dlium.com
