Uploaded December 2023 | Updated September 2026, 3 weeks ago
Part 2: youtube.com/watch?v=D4UNWNXWj8s
Part 1: youtube.com/watch?v=CmHryWYpWc0
#Dlium Mophead hydrangea (Hydrangea macrophylla) is a species of plant in the Hydrangeaceae, a shrub with upright stems, oval and thick leaves, pink or blue or white or yellow or purple flowers and is widely cultivated as an ornamental plant.
H. macrophylla grows up to 2 meters high, 2.5 meters wide, stems are upright and branched. Leaves have stalks, sit opposite, oval or elongated, up to 23 cm long, up to 13 cm wide, thick, blunt base and sharp tip, serrated margins. Petioles up to 6 cm long.
The flowers are corymbs, growing at the top in panicles with branching stalks. The blooms are pink or blue or white or yellow or purple. This species grows at an elevation of 500-2000 meters, temperature 18C, pH 4.5, clay texture and shade but tolerates full sun.
This plant contains isocoumarin, secoiridoid glucoside, phyllodulcin, polyphenols, flavonoids, triterpenoids/steroids, anthraquinone, zeorin, betulinic acid, uridine, thymidine, adenosine, nicotinamide, methyl pyroglutamate, hydrangenol.
Plants are often used to treat diarrhea, malaria, diabetes, hair loss, fever, anxiety, sore throat, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, urinary tract infections, enlarged prostate and kidney stones.
Kingdom: Plantae
Phylum: Tracheophyta
Subphylum: Angiospermae
Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Cornales
Family: Hydrangeaceae
Genus: Hydrangea
Species: Hydrangea macrophylla
Subspecies: Hydrangea macrophylla ssp. macrophylla, Hydrangea macrophylla var. normalis
Publications:
Bosser, J. & al. (eds.) (1997). Flore des Mascareignes 81-89: 1. IRD Éditions, MSIRI, RBG-Kew, Paris.
Chang, C.S., Kim, H. & Chang, K.S. (2014). Provisional checklist of vascular plants for the Korea peninsula flora (KPF): 1-660. DESIGNPOST.
Dobignard, A. & Chatelain, C. (2012). Index synonymique de la flore d'Afrique du nord 4: 1-431. Éditions des conservatoire et jardin botaniques, Genève.
Gremmen, N. & Halbertsma, R.L. Gremmen, N. & Halbertsma, R.L. (2009). Alien plants and their impact on Tristan da Cunha 2: 1-307. Overseas Territories Environment Programme (OTEP).
Hammel, B.E. & al. (eds.) (2007). Manual de Plantas de Costa Rica, volumen VI, Dicotyledóneas (Haloragaceae-Phytolaccaceae). Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 111: 1-933. Missouri Botanical Garden.
Hokche, O., Berry, P.E. & Huber, O. (eds.) (2008). Nuevo Catálogo de la Flora Vascular de Venezuela: 1-859. Fundación Instituto Botánico de Venezuela.
Iwatsuki, K., Boufford, D.E. & Ohba, H. (eds.) (2001). Flora of Japan IIb: 1-550. Kodansha Ltd., Tokyo.
Jalas, J., Suominen, J., Lampinen, R. & Kurtto, A.(eds.) (1999). Atlas Florae Europaeae. Distribution of vascular plants in Europe 12: 1-250.
Lejoy, J., Ndjele, M.-B. & Geerinck, D. (2010). Catalogue-flore des plantes vasculaires des districts de Kisangani et de la Tshopo (RD Congo). Taxonomania 30: 1-307.
Lê, T.C. (2003). Danh lục các loài thực vật Việt Nam 2: 1-1203. Hà Nội : Nhà xuất bản Nông nghiệp.
Mao, A.A., Sinha, B.K., Verma, D. & Sarma, N. (2016). Check-List of Flora of Meghalaya: 1-273. Meghalaya Biodiversity Board, Shillong.
Muer, T., Sauerbier, H. & Cabrara Calixto, F. (2020). Die Farn- und Blütenpflanzen Madeiras: 1-792. Verlag und Versandbuchhandlung Andreas Kleinsteuber.
Ohba, H. & Akiyama, S. (2014). A revision of the species of Hydrangea (Hydrangeaceae) described by Siebold and Zuccarini, part 2. Bulletin of the National Museum of Nature and Science, Series B (Botany) 40: 29-45.
Parslow, R. & Bennallick, I. (2017). The new flora of the Isles of Scilly: 1-539. Parslow Press.
Schäfer, H. (2021). Flora of the Azores a field guide: 1-445. Margraf Publishers GmbH.
Vangjeli, J. (2017). Flora Albania Atlas 1: 1-933. Koeltz Botanical Books.
Afrikaans: Krismisroos
Arabic: هورتينسيا
Austria: Gartenhortensie
Brazil: Hortênsia
Chinese (Simplified): 绣球花
Chinese (Traditional): 繡球花
Croatian: Velelisna Hortenzija
Czech: hortenzie velkolistá
Danish: Hortensia
Dutch: Hortensia, Boerenhortensia, Grote hortensia
English: Mophead hydrangea, Common hydrangea, Bigleaf Hydrangea
Estonian: suurelehine hortensia
Finnish: jalohortensia
French: Hortensia
German: Gartenhortensie
Hawaiian: pōpōhau
Hebrew: הורטנזיה
Hindi: हॉर्टेंसिया
Indonesian: Panca Warna, Hortensia
Italian: Ortensia
Japanese: アジサイ
Javanese: Kembang bokor
Korean: 수국
Lithuanian: Didžialapė hortenzija
Malay: Bunga tiga bulan
Norwegian: hortensia
Polish: Hortensja ogrodowa, Hortensja wielkolistna
Portuguese: Hidrângea, Hortense, Hortênsia
Russian: Гортензия крупнолистная
Spanish: Hortensia japonesa
Sulawesi Selatan: Bunga masamba
Swedish: hortensia
Thai: ฮอร์เทนเซีย
Turkish: ortanca
Ukrainian: Гортензія великолиста
Learn more: dlium.com/2021/07/mophead-hydrangea-hydrangea-macrophylla.html
Location: Kejajar, Wonosobo Regency, Central Java Province, Indonesia.
Aryo Bandoro
Dlium TheDlium
Web: dlium.com
Part 2: youtube.com/watch?v=D4UNWNXWj8s
Part 1: youtube.com/watch?v=CmHryWYpWc0
#Dlium Mophead hydrangea (Hydrangea macrophylla) is a species of plant in the Hydrangeaceae, a shrub with upright stems, oval and thick leaves, pink or blue or white or yellow or purple flowers and is widely cultivated as an ornamental plant.
H. macrophylla grows up to 2 meters high, 2.5 meters wide, stems are upright and branched. Leaves have stalks, sit opposite, oval or elongated, up to 23 cm long, up to 13 cm wide, thick, blunt base and sharp tip, serrated margins. Petioles up to 6 cm long.
The flowers are corymbs, growing at the top in panicles with branching stalks. The blooms are pink or blue or white or yellow or purple. This species grows at an elevation of 500-2000 meters, temperature 18C, pH 4.5, clay texture and shade but tolerates full sun.
This plant contains isocoumarin, secoiridoid glucoside, phyllodulcin, polyphenols, flavonoids, triterpenoids/steroids, anthraquinone, zeorin, betulinic acid, uridine, thymidine, adenosine, nicotinamide, methyl pyroglutamate, hydrangenol.
Plants are often used to treat diarrhea, malaria, diabetes, hair loss, fever, anxiety, sore throat, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, urinary tract infections, enlarged prostate and kidney stones.
Kingdom: Plantae
Phylum: Tracheophyta
Subphylum: Angiospermae
Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Cornales
Family: Hydrangeaceae
Genus: Hydrangea
Species: Hydrangea macrophylla
Subspecies: Hydrangea macrophylla ssp. macrophylla, Hydrangea macrophylla var. normalis
Publications:
Bosser, J. & al. (eds.) (1997). Flore des Mascareignes 81-89: 1. IRD Éditions, MSIRI, RBG-Kew, Paris.
Chang, C.S., Kim, H. & Chang, K.S. (2014). Provisional checklist of vascular plants for the Korea peninsula flora (KPF): 1-660. DESIGNPOST.
Dobignard, A. & Chatelain, C. (2012). Index synonymique de la flore d'Afrique du nord 4: 1-431. Éditions des conservatoire et jardin botaniques, Genève.
Gremmen, N. & Halbertsma, R.L. Gremmen, N. & Halbertsma, R.L. (2009). Alien plants and their impact on Tristan da Cunha 2: 1-307. Overseas Territories Environment Programme (OTEP).
Hammel, B.E. & al. (eds.) (2007). Manual de Plantas de Costa Rica, volumen VI, Dicotyledóneas (Haloragaceae-Phytolaccaceae). Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 111: 1-933. Missouri Botanical Garden.
Hokche, O., Berry, P.E. & Huber, O. (eds.) (2008). Nuevo Catálogo de la Flora Vascular de Venezuela: 1-859. Fundación Instituto Botánico de Venezuela.
Iwatsuki, K., Boufford, D.E. & Ohba, H. (eds.) (2001). Flora of Japan IIb: 1-550. Kodansha Ltd., Tokyo.
Jalas, J., Suominen, J., Lampinen, R. & Kurtto, A.(eds.) (1999). Atlas Florae Europaeae. Distribution of vascular plants in Europe 12: 1-250.
Lejoy, J., Ndjele, M.-B. & Geerinck, D. (2010). Catalogue-flore des plantes vasculaires des districts de Kisangani et de la Tshopo (RD Congo). Taxonomania 30: 1-307.
Lê, T.C. (2003). Danh lục các loài thực vật Việt Nam 2: 1-1203. Hà Nội : Nhà xuất bản Nông nghiệp.
Mao, A.A., Sinha, B.K., Verma, D. & Sarma, N. (2016). Check-List of Flora of Meghalaya: 1-273. Meghalaya Biodiversity Board, Shillong.
Muer, T., Sauerbier, H. & Cabrara Calixto, F. (2020). Die Farn- und Blütenpflanzen Madeiras: 1-792. Verlag und Versandbuchhandlung Andreas Kleinsteuber.
Ohba, H. & Akiyama, S. (2014). A revision of the species of Hydrangea (Hydrangeaceae) described by Siebold and Zuccarini, part 2. Bulletin of the National Museum of Nature and Science, Series B (Botany) 40: 29-45.
Parslow, R. & Bennallick, I. (2017). The new flora of the Isles of Scilly: 1-539. Parslow Press.
Schäfer, H. (2021). Flora of the Azores a field guide: 1-445. Margraf Publishers GmbH.
Vangjeli, J. (2017). Flora Albania Atlas 1: 1-933. Koeltz Botanical Books.
Afrikaans: Krismisroos
Arabic: هورتينسيا
Austria: Gartenhortensie
Brazil: Hortênsia
Chinese (Simplified): 绣球花
Chinese (Traditional): 繡球花
Croatian: Velelisna Hortenzija
Czech: hortenzie velkolistá
Danish: Hortensia
Dutch: Hortensia, Boerenhortensia, Grote hortensia
English: Mophead hydrangea, Common hydrangea, Bigleaf Hydrangea
Estonian: suurelehine hortensia
Finnish: jalohortensia
French: Hortensia
German: Gartenhortensie
Hawaiian: pōpōhau
Hebrew: הורטנזיה
Hindi: हॉर्टेंसिया
Indonesian: Panca Warna, Hortensia
Italian: Ortensia
Japanese: アジサイ
Javanese: Kembang bokor
Korean: 수국
Lithuanian: Didžialapė hortenzija
Malay: Bunga tiga bulan
Norwegian: hortensia
Polish: Hortensja ogrodowa, Hortensja wielkolistna
Portuguese: Hidrângea, Hortense, Hortênsia
Russian: Гортензия крупнолистная
Spanish: Hortensia japonesa
Sulawesi Selatan: Bunga masamba
Swedish: hortensia
Thai: ฮอร์เทนเซีย
Turkish: ortanca
Ukrainian: Гортензія великолиста
Learn more: dlium.com/2021/07/mophead-hydrangea-hydrangea-macrophylla.html
Location: Kejajar, Wonosobo Regency, Central Java Province, Indonesia.
Aryo Bandoro
Dlium TheDlium
Web: dlium.com

![Kashmir tree (Gmelina arborea) - part 2
Part 1: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=25gEa7SrMug
Tectona grandis
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n9xY2xgkWe8
Calophyllum inophyllum
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mMgqztBEGjk
Aleurites moluccanus
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TLf4RhxP_ks
Ziziphus mauritiana
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LGYduXpeIm0
#Dlium White teak or Kashmir tree (Gmelina arborea) is a species of plant in the Lamiaceae, a large tree with a straight, cylindrical trunk, branched, hardwood, white bark, mainly used for the production of high quality wood.
G. arborea has heart-shaped leaves, length about 27 cm, width about 21 cm, margins flat, base flat, tip pointed, a large vein in the middle with many small pinnate veins, green on top and pale green underside and stalk length about 27 cm.
Flowering and fruiting every year. The fruit ripens in 1.5 months after flowering. The fruit is round, fleshy, 20-35 mm long, shiny skin, soft mesocarp, slightly sweet taste. The seeds are very hard like stones, 16-25 mm long, smooth surface and green or yellow in color, one end is round, the other is pointed, 4 spaces, 1000 stone seeds weigh 400 grams.
Kingdom: Plantae
Phylum: Tracheophyta
Subphylum: Angiospermae
Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Lamiales
Family: Lamiaceae
Subfamily: Premnoideae
Genus: Gmelina L. in Sp. Pl.: 626 (1753)
Species: Gmelina arborea Roxb. ex Sm. in A.Rees, Cycl. 16: n.° 4 (1810)
Homotypic Synonyms
Gmelina rheedei Hook. in Bot. Mag. 74: t. 4395 (1848), nom. illeg.
Heterotypic Synonyms
Gmelina arborea var. canescens Haines in Forest Fl. Chota Nagpur: 82 (1910)
Gmelina arborea f. dentata Moldenke in Phytologia 8: 14 (1961)
Gmelina arborea var. glaucescens C.B.Clarke in J.D.Hooker, Fl. Brit. India 4: 582 (1885)
Gmelina oblongifolia Roxb. in Fl. Ind., ed. 1832. 3: 83 (1832)
Gmelina sinuata Link in Enum. Hort. Berol. Alt. 2: 128 (1822)
Premna arborea Roth in Nov. Pl. Sp.: 287 (1821)
Publications:
Balkrishna, A. (2018). Flora of Morni Hills (Research & Possibilities): 1-581. Divya Yoga Mandir Trust.
Gosline, G., Bidault, E., van der Burgt, X., Cahen, D., Challen, G., Condé, N., Couch, C., Couvreur, T.L.P., Dagallier, L.M.J., Darbyshire, I., Dawson, S., Doré, T.S., Goyder, D., Grall, A., Haba, P., Haba, P., Harris, D., Hind, D.J.N., Jongkind, & al. (2023). A Taxonomically-verified and Vouchered Checklist of the Vascular Plants of the Republic of Guinea. Nature, scientific data 10, Article number: 327: [1]-[12].
Govaerts, R. (2003). World Checklist of Selected Plant Families Database in ACCESS: 1-216203. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Karthigeyan, K., Pandey, R.P. & Mao, A.A. (eds.) (2023). Flora of Andaman and Nicobar Islands 2: 1-689. Botanical Survey of India. Ministry of environment, forest and climate change.
Kotiya, A., Solanki, Y. & Reddy, G.V. (2020). Flora of Rajasthan: 1-769. Rajasthan state biodiversity board.
Rajbhandari, K.R., Rai, S.K. & Chhetri, R. (2022). A Handbook of the Flowering Plants of Nepal 4: 1-522. Department of Plant Resources, Thapathali, Kathmandu, Nepal.
Smith, A.C. (1991). Flora Vitiensis Nova. A new flora for Fiji (Spermatophytes only) 5: 1-626. Pacific Tropical Botanical Garden, Lawai.
Sykes, W.R. (2016). Flora of the Cook Islands: 1-973. National Tropical Botanical Garden, Hawaii.
de Kok, R. (2012). A revision of the genus Gmelina (Lamiaceae). Kew Bulletin 67: 293-329.
Assamese: Gomari
Bengali: গাম্বার Gamar
Burmese: ယီမန် Yemane
Chinese (simplified): 云南石梓
Chinese (traditional): 雲南石梓 - 印度石梓
English: Kashmir tree, Gamhar, Beechwood, Goomar teak, White teak
Gujarati: Shevan
Hindi: गमरी - गम्हार - गुमड़ी - गंभरी - भद्रपर्णी Gamari, Gamhar, Gumadi, Gambhari, Bhadraparni
Indonesian: Jati putih
Kannada: Shivani, Shivane, Seevanni, Kooli, Kumati, Kumbadi, Hucchunarave, Kumbale, Gamaari, Kaashmiri mara, Shivanimara
Khasi: Dieng lophiang
Konkani: Sirni, Shivan, Sini
Malayalam: Kumbil, Kumizh, Kumpil
Manipuri: Wang
Marathi: Sivan, Shivan, Thorshivani
Mizo: Thlanvawng
Naga: Imbeh ching
Nepali: कामारी Kamari
Oriya: Bhodropornni, Butalo, Thlanvawng
Punjabi: Gumhar
Sanskrit: Gambharee, Gambhari, Madhumatee, Kashmaree, Kashmiri, Sarvatobhadraa, Madhuparnikaa, Bhadraparnee, Sriparnee, Kumudaa, Sindhuparni, Sindhuveshanam, Stulatvacha
Sinhala: කුමලාමරම් Kumalāmaram
Tamil: குமளமரம் - குமுதை - கும்பல் - பெரு-ன்-குமில் Kumalaamaram, Kumutai, Kumpal, Peru-n-kumil
Tangkhul: Edanthing
Telugu: Peddagumudutekku, Pedda gumudu teku
Learn more: https://www.dlium.com/2021/09/kashmir-tree-gmelina-arborea.html
Location: Semanu, Gunung Kidul Regency, Yogyakarta Province, Indonesia.
Aryo Bandoro
Dlium
Web: https://www.dlium.com Kashmir tree (Gmelina arborea) - part 2](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/YTXi3ObhcRQ/mqdefault.jpg)




![Cedar of Goa (Hesperocyparis lusitanica) - part 2
Part 1: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=chXbZ9n1BnA
#Dlium Cedar of Goa or Cupressus lusitanica (Hesperocyparis lusitanica) is a species of plant in the Cupressaceae, a coniferous tree, evergreen, crown conical to ovoid, upright, straight, branched, up to 40 meters high, leaves grow radially and are dark green to greenish yellow in color .
H. lusitanica has round to oval fruit, up to 2 cm wide, with 4-10 scales, initially green, matures brown or brownish gray about 25 months after pollination.
The fruit opens at maturity to release seeds or remains closed for several years, only opening after the parent tree dies in a forest fire, so that the seeds can colonize bare ground affected by the fire. Male fruit releases pollen.
Kingdom: Plantae
Phylum: Tracheophyta
Class: Pinopsida
Order: Pinales
Family: Cupressaceae
Subfamily: Cupressoideae
Genus: Hesperocyparis
Species: Hesperocyparis lusitanica
Publications:
Govaerts, R.H.A. (2011). World checklist of selected plant families published update Facilitated by the Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. [Cited as Cupressus lusitanica.]
Chinese (Simplified): 墨西哥柏木
Chinese (Traditional): 墨西哥柏木
English: Cedar of Goa, Goa cedar, Mexican cypress, Mexican cedar
Indonesian: Cemara Tukung, Bintami
Japanese: メキシコイトスギ
Javanese: Bintami
Thai: ซีดาร์แห่งกัว
Vietnamese: Cây tuyết tùng của Goa
Learn more: https://www.dlium.com/2024/07/cedar-of-goa-hesperocyparis-lusitanica.html
Location: Batur, Banjarnegara Regency, Central Java Province, Indonesia.
Aryo Bandoro
Dlium TheDlium
Web: https://www.dlium.com Cedar of Goa (Hesperocyparis lusitanica) - part 2](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/ZV72pwescnQ/mqdefault.jpg)



