Uploaded June 2026 | Updated September 2026, 3 weeks ago
Ipomoea aquatica
youtube.com/watch?v=yMaIsComKDo
Ipomoea batatas
youtube.com/watch?v=P0z7JxOrwxA
Ipomoea cairica
youtube.com/watch?v=TsP9LZj6-Qg
Ipomoea carnea
youtube.com/watch?v=Zr5x-7uaVOQ
Ipomoea hederifolia
youtube.com/watch?v=MCp9kEjuCOw
Ipomoea indica
youtube.com/watch?v=gWet2heg5eg
Ipomoea pes-caprae
youtube.com/watch?v=I3NJurNJzHQ
Ipomoea quamoclit
youtube.com/watch?v=VEZT-_Fkt2Y
#Dlium
Japanese morning glory (Ipomoea nil) is a species of plant in the Convolvulaceae family, a climber with twining stems that grow up to 5 meters long. The green, finely hairy leaves are 14 cm long, heart-shaped at the base, entire or 3-5-lobed, tapering at the edges. The flowers are funnel-shaped, blue to reddish-purple with a whitish tube, 5 cm wide and up to 7 cm long.
Kingdom: Plantae
Phylum: Tracheophyta
Subphylum: Angiospermae
Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Solanales
Family: Convolvulaceae
Subfamily: Convolvuloideae
Tribe: Ipomoeeae
Genus: Ipomoea L. in Sp. Pl.: 159 (1753)
Species: Ipomoea nil (L.) Roth in Catal. Bot. 1: 36 (1797)
Homotypic Synonyms
Convolvuloides triloba Moench in Methodus (1794)
Convolvulus nil L. in Sp. Pl., ed. 2. (1762)
Pharbitis nil (L.) Choisy in Mém. Soc. Phys. Genève 6: 439 (1833 publ. 1834)
Heterotypic Synonyms
Convolvulus caeruleus (Roxb. ex Ker-Gawl.) Spreng. in Syst. Veg., ed. 16. 1 (1824)
Convolvulus coelestis G.Forst. in Fl. Ins. Austr. (1786)
Convolvulus dillenii Desr. in J.B.A.M.de Lamarck, Encycl. 3 (1792)
Convolvulus hederaceus L. in Sp. Pl. (1753)
Convolvulus hederifolius Salisb. in Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton (1796)
Convolvulus lindleyi Steud. in Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2. 1 (1840)
Convolvulus peruvianus Spreng. (1824)
Convolvulus scaber Colla in Herb. Pedem. 4 (1835)
Convolvulus setosus Hallier f. in Bull. Herb. Boissier 5 (1897)
Convolvulus tomentosus Vell. in Fl. Flumin. (1829)
Convolvulus variifolius Steud. (1840)
Ipomoea bicolor Lam. in Tabl. Encycl. 1 (1793)
Ipomoea caerulea Roxb. ex Ker-Gawl. in Bot. Reg. 4 (1818)
Ipomoea caerulea J.König ex Roxb. in Fl. Ind. 2 (1824)
Ipomoea caerulescens Roxb. (1824)
Ipomoea cuspidata Ruiz & Pav. in Fl. Peruv. 2 (1799)
Ipomoea dillenii (Desr.) Roem. & Schult. in Syst. Veg., ed. 15[bis]. 4 (1819)
Ipomoea githaginea Hochst. ex A.Rich. in Tent. Fl. Abyss. 2 (1850)
Ipomoea githaginea var. inaequalis Beck in P.V.Paulitschke, Harrar Leipzig, App. (1888)
Ipomoea hederacea Anon. in , non Jacq.
Ipomoea hederacea var. himalaica C.B.Clarke in J.D.Hooker, Fl. Brit. India 4 (1883)
Ipomoea hederacea var. inaequalis Baker & Rendle in D.Oliver & auct. suc. (eds.), Fl. Trop. Afr. 4(2) (1905)
Ipomoea hederacea var. integrifolia (Choisy) C.B.Clarke (1883)
Ipomoea hederacea var. limbata (Lindl.) Benth. in Fl. Austral. 4 (1868)
Ipomoea hederacea var. paichou J.R.Wu in J. Guiyang Tradit. Chin. Med. Coll. 1979(1) (1979)
Ipomoea limbata (Lindl.) Voss in Vilm. Blumengärtn., ed. 3. 1 (1894)
Ipomoea longicuspis Meisn. in C.F.P.von Martius & auct. suc. (eds.), Fl. Bras. 7 (1869)
Ipomoea longicuspis var. brevipes Meisn. (1869)
Ipomoea nil var. himalaica (C.B.Clarke) S.C.Johri in J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 5 (1984)
Ipomoea nil var. inaequalis (Beck) Cufod. in Bull. Jard. Bot. Natl. Belg. 39(Suppl.): XXX (1969)
Ipomoea nil var. japonica Hallier f. in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 18 (1893)
Ipomoea nil var. limbata (Lindl.) Meisn. (1869)
Ipomoea nil var. setosa Boerl. in Handl. Fl. Ned. Ind. 2 (1899)
Ipomoea scabra J.F.Gmel. in Syst. Nat. (1791)
Ipomoea scabra Forssk. in Fl. Aegypt.-Arab. (1775)
Ipomoea setosa Blume in Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. (1826)
Ipomoea speciosa (Choisy) Voss (1894)
Ipomoea trichocalyx Steud. (1840)
Ipomoea vaniotiana H.Lév. in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 9 (1911)
Pharbitis albomarginata Lindl. ex Meisn. (1869)
Pharbitis albomarginata Lindl. ex Hook.f. in Bot. Mag. 94: (1868)
Pharbitis caerulea (Roxb. ex Ker-Gawl.) G.Don ex Sweet in Hort. Brit., ed. 3 (1839)
Pharbitis caerulescens (Roxb.) Sweet (1839)
Pharbitis cuspidata (Ruiz & Pav.) G.Don in Gen. Hist. 4 (1837)
Pharbitis dillenii (Desr.) G.Don (1837)
Pharbitis forskoelii G.Don (1837)
Pharbitis limbata Lindl. in J. Hort. Soc. London 5 (1850)
Pharbitis nil var. abbreviata Choisy in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 9 (1845)
Pharbitis nil var. integrifolia Choisy (1845)
Pharbitis nil var. japonica (Hallier f.) H.Hara in Enum. Spermatophytarum Japon. 1 (1949)
Pharbitis nil var. limbata (Lindl.) Hook. in Bot. Mag. 94 (1868)
Pharbitis nil var. paichou (J.R.Wu) J.R.Wu in Fl. Guizhouensis 6 (1989)
Pharbitis purshii G.Don (1837)
Pharbitis scabra (Colla) G.Don (1837)
Pharbitis speciosa Choisy (1845)
Learn more: dlium.com/2026/06/japanese-morning-glory-ipomoea-nil.html
Location: Paron, Ngawi Regency, East Java Province, Indonesia.
Aryo Bandoro
Dlium TheDlium
Web: dlium.com
Ipomoea aquatica
youtube.com/watch?v=yMaIsComKDo
Ipomoea batatas
youtube.com/watch?v=P0z7JxOrwxA
Ipomoea cairica
youtube.com/watch?v=TsP9LZj6-Qg
Ipomoea carnea
youtube.com/watch?v=Zr5x-7uaVOQ
Ipomoea hederifolia
youtube.com/watch?v=MCp9kEjuCOw
Ipomoea indica
youtube.com/watch?v=gWet2heg5eg
Ipomoea pes-caprae
youtube.com/watch?v=I3NJurNJzHQ
Ipomoea quamoclit
youtube.com/watch?v=VEZT-_Fkt2Y
#Dlium
Japanese morning glory (Ipomoea nil) is a species of plant in the Convolvulaceae family, a climber with twining stems that grow up to 5 meters long. The green, finely hairy leaves are 14 cm long, heart-shaped at the base, entire or 3-5-lobed, tapering at the edges. The flowers are funnel-shaped, blue to reddish-purple with a whitish tube, 5 cm wide and up to 7 cm long.
Kingdom: Plantae
Phylum: Tracheophyta
Subphylum: Angiospermae
Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Solanales
Family: Convolvulaceae
Subfamily: Convolvuloideae
Tribe: Ipomoeeae
Genus: Ipomoea L. in Sp. Pl.: 159 (1753)
Species: Ipomoea nil (L.) Roth in Catal. Bot. 1: 36 (1797)
Homotypic Synonyms
Convolvuloides triloba Moench in Methodus (1794)
Convolvulus nil L. in Sp. Pl., ed. 2. (1762)
Pharbitis nil (L.) Choisy in Mém. Soc. Phys. Genève 6: 439 (1833 publ. 1834)
Heterotypic Synonyms
Convolvulus caeruleus (Roxb. ex Ker-Gawl.) Spreng. in Syst. Veg., ed. 16. 1 (1824)
Convolvulus coelestis G.Forst. in Fl. Ins. Austr. (1786)
Convolvulus dillenii Desr. in J.B.A.M.de Lamarck, Encycl. 3 (1792)
Convolvulus hederaceus L. in Sp. Pl. (1753)
Convolvulus hederifolius Salisb. in Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton (1796)
Convolvulus lindleyi Steud. in Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2. 1 (1840)
Convolvulus peruvianus Spreng. (1824)
Convolvulus scaber Colla in Herb. Pedem. 4 (1835)
Convolvulus setosus Hallier f. in Bull. Herb. Boissier 5 (1897)
Convolvulus tomentosus Vell. in Fl. Flumin. (1829)
Convolvulus variifolius Steud. (1840)
Ipomoea bicolor Lam. in Tabl. Encycl. 1 (1793)
Ipomoea caerulea Roxb. ex Ker-Gawl. in Bot. Reg. 4 (1818)
Ipomoea caerulea J.König ex Roxb. in Fl. Ind. 2 (1824)
Ipomoea caerulescens Roxb. (1824)
Ipomoea cuspidata Ruiz & Pav. in Fl. Peruv. 2 (1799)
Ipomoea dillenii (Desr.) Roem. & Schult. in Syst. Veg., ed. 15[bis]. 4 (1819)
Ipomoea githaginea Hochst. ex A.Rich. in Tent. Fl. Abyss. 2 (1850)
Ipomoea githaginea var. inaequalis Beck in P.V.Paulitschke, Harrar Leipzig, App. (1888)
Ipomoea hederacea Anon. in , non Jacq.
Ipomoea hederacea var. himalaica C.B.Clarke in J.D.Hooker, Fl. Brit. India 4 (1883)
Ipomoea hederacea var. inaequalis Baker & Rendle in D.Oliver & auct. suc. (eds.), Fl. Trop. Afr. 4(2) (1905)
Ipomoea hederacea var. integrifolia (Choisy) C.B.Clarke (1883)
Ipomoea hederacea var. limbata (Lindl.) Benth. in Fl. Austral. 4 (1868)
Ipomoea hederacea var. paichou J.R.Wu in J. Guiyang Tradit. Chin. Med. Coll. 1979(1) (1979)
Ipomoea limbata (Lindl.) Voss in Vilm. Blumengärtn., ed. 3. 1 (1894)
Ipomoea longicuspis Meisn. in C.F.P.von Martius & auct. suc. (eds.), Fl. Bras. 7 (1869)
Ipomoea longicuspis var. brevipes Meisn. (1869)
Ipomoea nil var. himalaica (C.B.Clarke) S.C.Johri in J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 5 (1984)
Ipomoea nil var. inaequalis (Beck) Cufod. in Bull. Jard. Bot. Natl. Belg. 39(Suppl.): XXX (1969)
Ipomoea nil var. japonica Hallier f. in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 18 (1893)
Ipomoea nil var. limbata (Lindl.) Meisn. (1869)
Ipomoea nil var. setosa Boerl. in Handl. Fl. Ned. Ind. 2 (1899)
Ipomoea scabra J.F.Gmel. in Syst. Nat. (1791)
Ipomoea scabra Forssk. in Fl. Aegypt.-Arab. (1775)
Ipomoea setosa Blume in Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. (1826)
Ipomoea speciosa (Choisy) Voss (1894)
Ipomoea trichocalyx Steud. (1840)
Ipomoea vaniotiana H.Lév. in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 9 (1911)
Pharbitis albomarginata Lindl. ex Meisn. (1869)
Pharbitis albomarginata Lindl. ex Hook.f. in Bot. Mag. 94: (1868)
Pharbitis caerulea (Roxb. ex Ker-Gawl.) G.Don ex Sweet in Hort. Brit., ed. 3 (1839)
Pharbitis caerulescens (Roxb.) Sweet (1839)
Pharbitis cuspidata (Ruiz & Pav.) G.Don in Gen. Hist. 4 (1837)
Pharbitis dillenii (Desr.) G.Don (1837)
Pharbitis forskoelii G.Don (1837)
Pharbitis limbata Lindl. in J. Hort. Soc. London 5 (1850)
Pharbitis nil var. abbreviata Choisy in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 9 (1845)
Pharbitis nil var. integrifolia Choisy (1845)
Pharbitis nil var. japonica (Hallier f.) H.Hara in Enum. Spermatophytarum Japon. 1 (1949)
Pharbitis nil var. limbata (Lindl.) Hook. in Bot. Mag. 94 (1868)
Pharbitis nil var. paichou (J.R.Wu) J.R.Wu in Fl. Guizhouensis 6 (1989)
Pharbitis purshii G.Don (1837)
Pharbitis scabra (Colla) G.Don (1837)
Pharbitis speciosa Choisy (1845)
Learn more: dlium.com/2026/06/japanese-morning-glory-ipomoea-nil.html
Location: Paron, Ngawi Regency, East Java Province, Indonesia.
Aryo Bandoro
Dlium TheDlium
Web: dlium.com

![Black potato (Coleus rotundifolius)
#Dlium Black potato (Coleus rotundifolius) is a species of plant in Lamiaceae, herbaceous, fibrous roots and tubers, erect and slightly creeping stems, quadrangular, thick, and slightly odorous.
Single leaves, thick, membranous, opposite and alternate. Leaves are oval, dark green and shiny on the upper side, bright green on the lower side. Up to 5 cm long, up to 4 cm wide, slightly hairy and pinnate leaf veins. Leaf stalks up to 4 cm long.
Small, purple flowers. Star-shaped petals, lip-shaped crown, dark to light purple with a slightly curved tube shape. Flowering from February-August.
Small tubers, brown and white flesh and tuber length 2-4 cm.
Kingdom: Plantae
Phylum: Tracheophyta
Subphylum: Angiospermae
Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Lamiales
Family: Lamiaceae
Subfamily: Nepetoideae
Tribe: Ocimeae
Subtribe: Plectranthinae
Genus: Coleus
Species: Coleus rotundifolius
Publications:
Gosline, G., Bidault, E., van der Burgt, X., Cahen, D., Challen, G., Condé, N., Couch, C., Couvreur, T.L.P., Dagallier, L.M.J., Darbyshire, I., Dawson, S., Doré, T.S., Goyder, D., Grall, A., Haba, P., Haba, P., Harris, D., Hind, D.J.N., Jongkind, & al. (2023). A Taxonomically-verified and Vouchered Checklist of the Vascular Plants of the Republic of Guinea. Nature, scientific data 10, Article number: 327: [1]-[12].
Paton, A.J., Mwanyambo, M. Govaerts, R.H.A., Smitha, K., Suddee, S., Phillipson, P.B., Wilson, T.C., Forster, P.I. & Culham, A. (2019). Nomenclatural changes in Coleus and Plectranthus (Lamiaceae): A tale of more than two genera. PhytoKeys 129: 1-158.
Aceh: Kěmbili
Arabic: البطاطس السوداء
Bali: Sabrang
Batak: Hombili
Bengali: কালো আলু
Betawi: Kĕntang kĕmbili, kĕntang kumĕli
Chinese (Simplified): 黑土豆
Chinese (Traditional): 黑馬鈴薯
East Java: Kambili, daun sabrang
English: Black potato
French: Pomme de terre noire
Gayo: Gombili
German: Schwarze Kartoffel
Hindi: काला आलू
Indonesia: Kěntang jawa
Japanese: ブラックポテト
Java: Gěmbili, kěntang irěng, kumbili jawa, kěntang klici
Korean: 검은 감자
Lombok: Sěbrang
Madura: Gombili, obi sola
Makuku: Kombili
Minang: Kěmbili
Pontianak: Kĕntang jawĕ, kĕntang kĕmbili
Portuguese: Batata preta
Russian: Черный Картофель
Spanish: Papa negra
Sunda: Huwi kěntang
Turkish: Siyah Patates
Urdu: کالا آلو
Learn more: https://www.dlium.com/2025/05/black-potato-coleus-rotundifolius.html
Location: Pacet, Mojokerto Regency, East Java Province, Indonesia.
Aryo Bandoro
Dlium TheDlium
Web: https://www.dlium.com Black potato (Coleus rotundifolius)](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/Tzv0frGUdJY/mqdefault.jpg)

![Cypress vine (Ipomoea quamoclit)
Ipomoea aquatica
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yMaIsComKDo
Ipomoea batatas
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P0z7JxOrwxA
Ipomoea cairica
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TsP9LZj6-Qg
Ipomoea carnea
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zr5x-7uaVOQ
Ipomoea hederifolia
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MCp9kEjuCOw
Ipomoea indica
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gWet2heg5eg
Ipomoea obscura
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wisq3anqsRM
Ipomoea pes-caprae
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I3NJurNJzHQ
#Dlium
Cypress vine (Ipomoea quamoclit) is a species of plant in the Convolvulaceae, a herbaceous, climbing plant, growing up to 3 meters tall. The leaves are up to 10 cm long, up to 6 cm wide, with 9-19 notches on each side. The flowers are 3 cm long, 2.5 cm wide, red or white, and trumpet-shaped with 5 petals.
Kingdom: Plantae
Phylum: Tracheophyta
Subphylum: Angiospermae
Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Solanales
Family: Convolvulaceae
Subfamily: Convolvuloideae
Tribe: Ipomoeeae
Genus: Ipomoea
Species: Ipomoea quamoclit L. in Sp. Pl.: 159 (1753)
Homotypic Synonyms
Convolvulus pennatifolius Salisb. in Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton: 124 (1796), nom. illeg. superfl.
Convolvulus pennatus Desr. in J.B.A.M.de Lamarck, Encycl. 3: 567 (1792), nom. illeg. superfl.
Convolvulus quamoclit (L.) Spreng. in Syst. Veg., ed. 16. 1: 591 (1824)
Quamoclit pennata Bojer in Hortus Maurit.: 224 (1837), nom. illeg. superfl.
Quamoclit quamoclit (L.) Britton in N.L.Britton & A.Brown, Ill. Fl. N. U.S. 3: 22 (1898), not validly publ.
Quamoclit vulgaris Choisy in Mém. Soc. Phys. Genève 6: 434 (1833 publ. 1834)[Conv. Or.: 52]
Heterotypic Synonyms
Incarvillea argyi H.Lév. in Bull. Géogr. Bot. 2: 292 (1914)
Clitocyamos pinnatifidus St.-Lag. in Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon 7: 128 (1880)
Convolvulus pennifolius Drapiez in Encycl. Fl. Serr. Angl. 3: ? (1835)
Ipomoea cyamoclita St.-Lag. in Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon 7: 128 (1880)
Ipomoea erecta Michx. in J. Hist. Nat. 1: 410 (1792)
Ipomoea quamoclit var. pectinata (Hallier f.) Ooststr. in Fl. Males., Ser. 1, Spermat. 4: 482 (1953)
Quamoclit pennata var. pectinata Hallier f. in Verslag Staat s Lands Plantentuin Buitenzorg 1895: 131 (1896)
Quamoclit vulgaris var. albiflora G.Don in Gen. Hist. 4: 260 (1837)
Publications:
Barker, R.M. & Telford, I.R.H. (1993). Fl. Australia Oceanic Islds. Convolvs. Flora of Australia 50: 342-353. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra.
Christophersen, E. (1938). Flow. Pl. Samoa II: Convolvulaceae. Bernice P. Bishop Museum Bulletin 154: 37-39.
Eggers, H.F.A. in Eggers, H.F.A. (1879). Convolvulaceae. The flora of St Croix and the Virgin Islands: 70-73. US Government Printing Office.
Fosberg, F.R. & Sachet. M.-H. (1977). Flora of Micronesia 3: Convolvulaceae. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 36: 1-34.
Gagnepain & Courchet in H. Lecomte (1915). Flore Indo-Chine Convolvulaceae. Flore Générale de lindo-Chine 4: 228-313.
Girmansyah, D. & al. (eds.) (2013). Flora of Bali an annotated checklist: 1-158. Herbarium Bogorensis, Indonesia.
Hansen, A. & Sunding, P. (1993). Flora of Macaronesia. Checklist of vascular plants. 4. revised edition. Sommerfeltia 17: 88-93.
Heine, H. (1984). Fl. Nouv. Caléd. & Dépend. Convolvulaceae. Flore de la Nouvelle-Calédonie et Dépendances 13: 1-91. Muséum National dHistoire Naturelle, Paris.
Johnson, R.W. (2012). Convolvulaceae. Australian Plant Census Council of Heads of Australian Herbaria.
Karthigeyan, K., Pandey, R.P. & Mao, A.A. (eds.) (2023). Flora of Andaman and Nicobar Islands 2: 1-689. Botanical Survey of India. Ministry of environment, forest and climate change.
Kiew, R. & al. (eds.) (2015). Flora of Peninsular Malaysia. Series II: Seed Plants, volume 5. Malayan Forest Records 49: 1-319.
Ooststroom, S.J. van & R.D. Hoogland (1953). Convolvulaceae. Flora Malesiana 4: 388-512. Noordhoff-Kolff N.V., Djakarta.
Plunkett, G.M., Ranker, T.A., Sam, C. & Balick, M.J. (2022). Towards a checklist of the vascular flora of Vanuatu. Candollea 77: 105-118.
Smith, A.C. in Smith, A.C. (1991). Fl. Vitiensis Nova Convolvulaceae. Flora Vitiensis Nova. A new flora for Fiji (Spermatophytes only) 5: 41-69. Pacific Tropical Botanical Garden, Lawai.
Staples, G. (2018). Flore du Cambodge du Laos et du Viêt-Nam 36: 1-406. Muséum National dHistoire Naturelle, Paris.
Staples, G. (with P. Traiperm) (2010). Convolvulaceae. Flora of Thailand 10: 330-468. The Forest Herbarium, National Park, Wildlife and Plant Conservation Department, Bangkok.
Sykes, W.R. (1970). Contributions to the flora of Niue. Bulletin, New Zealand Department of Scientific and Industrial Research 200: 1-321.
Whistler, W.A. (2022). Flora of Samoa Flowering Plants: 1-930. National Tropical Botanicl Garden. Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History.
Learn more: https://www.dlium.com/2026/03/cypress-vine-ipomoea-quamoclit.html
Location: Ponjong, Gunung Kidul Regency, Yogyakarta Province, Indonesia.
Aryo Bandoro
Dlium TheDlium
Web: https://www.dlium.com Cypress vine (Ipomoea quamoclit)](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/VEZT-_Fkt2Y/mqdefault.jpg)






![Beach spider lily (Hymenocallis littoralis)
Scadoxus multiflorus
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5JVsTQg6KnQ
Hippeastrum puniceum
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AlS4BIrI5ns
Lilium formosanum
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZtEa_m87Dm0
Calanthe speciosa
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ADUhcALUPj4
Pecteilis susannae
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q_wzOtA2OY0
#Dlium
Beach spider lily (Hymenocallis littoralis) is plant species in Amaryllidaceae, herbaceous perennial, up to 80 cm tall, with bulbs 7-10 cm in diameter and over time developing a neck 4-5 cm in diameter. The leaves are elongated, flat, thick, up to 80 cm long and up to 3 cm wide.
The flowers are large, white, vanilla-scented, and in sticky clusters. The flower awns are attached to staminal cups. Each flower tube is up to 17 cm long or longer.
Kingdom: Plantae
Phylum: Tracheophyta
Subphylum: Angiospermae
Class: Liliopsida
Order: Asparagales
Family: Amaryllidaceae
Subfamily: Amaryllidoideae
Tribe: Hymenocallideae
Genus: Hymenocallis Salisb. in Trans. Hort. Soc. London 1: 338 (1812)
Species: Hymenocallis littoralis (Jacq.) Salisb. in Trans. Hort. Soc. London 1: 338 (1812)
Homotypic Synonyms
Hymenocallis adnata Herb. in Amaryllidaceae: 215 (1837)
Hymenocallis adnata var. littoralis (Jacq.) Herb. (1837)
Hymenocallis adnata var. princeps Herb. (1837)
Hymenocallis littoralis var. longituba Herb. in Bot. Mag. 53: t. 2621 (1826)
Pancratium littorale Jacq. in Select. Stirp. Amer. Hist.: 99 (1763)
Troxistemon littoralis (Jacq.) Raf. in Fl. Tellur. 4: 23 (1838)
Heterotypic Synonyms
Hymenocallis adnata var. disticha (Sims) Herb. (1837)
Hymenocallis adnata var. driandrina Herb. (1837)
Hymenocallis adnata var. dryanderi (Ker Gawl.) Kunth in Enum. Pl. 5: 677 (1850)
Hymenocallis adnata var. staplesiana Herb. (1837)
Hymenocallis americana (Mill.) M.Roem. in Fam. Nat. Syn. Monogr. 4: 176 (1847)
Hymenocallis americana f. disticha (Sims) Voss in Vilm. Blumengärtn., ed. 3. 1: 1021 (1895)
Hymenocallis americana f. dryanderi (Ker Gawl.) Voss (1895)
Hymenocallis americana f. staplesiana (Herb.) Voss (1895)
Hymenocallis arenaria M.Roem. (1847)
Hymenocallis biflora K.Koch & C.D.Bouché in Wochenschr. Vereines Beförd. Gartenbaues Königl. Preuss. Staaten 9: 370 (1866)
Hymenocallis disticha (Sims) Herb. in Appendix: 44 (1821)
Hymenocallis dryanderi (Ker Gawl.) M.Roem. (1847)
Hymenocallis insignis Kunth (1850)
Hymenocallis littoralis var. disticha (Sims) Herb. ex Sims & Curtis in Bot. Mag. 53: t. 2621 (1826)
Hymenocallis littoralis var. dryanderi (Ker Gawl.) Herb. ex Sims in Bot. Mag. 53: t. 2621 (1826)
Hymenocallis niederleinii Pax in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 11: 326 (1889)
Hymenocallis panamensis Lindl. in Edwardss Bot. Reg. 27(Misc.): 67 (1841)
Hymenocallis pedalis Herb. (1821)
Hymenocallis peruviana M.Roem. (1847)
Hymenocallis senegambica Kunth & C.D.Bouché in Index Seminum (B, Berolinensis) 1848: 12 (1848)
Hymenocallis staplesiana (Herb.) M.Roem. (1847)
Hymenocallis staplesii Sweet in Hort. Brit., ed. 2: 513 (1830)
Hymenocallis tenuiflora Herb. (1821)
Pancratium americanum Mill. in Gard. Dict., ed. 8.: n.° 7 (1768)
Pancratium distichum Sims in Bot. Mag. 44: t. 1879 (1817)
Pancratium dryanderi Ker Gawl. in J. Sci. Arts (London) 3: 326 (1817)
Pancratium littorale var. dryanderi (Ker Gawl.) Schult. & Schult.f. in Syst. Veg. 7: 919 (1830)
Pancratium pedale (Herb.) Schult. & Schult.f. in J.J.Roemer & J.A.Schultes, Syst. Veg., ed. 15[bis]. 7: 916 (1830)
Pancratium staplesii (Sweet) Steud. in Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2. 2: 251 (1841)
Pancratium tenuiflorum (Herb.) Herb. ex Steud. (1841)
Troxistemon distichus (Sims) Raf. (1838)
Troxistemon dryanderi (Ker Gawl.) Raf. (1838)
Publications
Brown, F.B.H. (1931). Flora of Southeastern Polynesia. Bernice P. Bishop Museum Bulletin 84: 1-194.
Dassanayake (ed.) (2000). A Revised Handbook to the Flora of Ceylon 14: 1-307. Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. PVT. LTD., New Delhi, Calcutta.
Fosberg, F.R., Sachet, M.-H., Oliver, R. (1987). A Geographical Checklist of the Micronesian Monocotyledonae. Micronesica; Journal of the College of Guam 20: 19-129.
Kalkman, C. & al. (eds.) (1992-1994). Flora Malesiana 11: 1-768. Noordhoff-Kolff N.V., Djakarta.
Robertson, S.A. (1989). Flowering Plants of Seychelles: 1-327. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Smith, A.C. (1979). Flora Vitiensis Nova. A new flora for Fiji (Spermatophytes only) 1: 1-495. Pacific Tropical Botanical Garden, Lawai.
Arabic: زنبق العنكبوت الشاطئي
Bengali: সৈকত স্পাইডার লিলি
Chinese (simplified): 水鬼蕉 - 水鬼蕉 - 蜘蛛兰)
Chinese (traditional): 水鬼蕉
English: Bakungan, Spider lily, Beach spider lily
Hindi: समुद्रतट मकड़ी लिली
Indonesian: Bakungan
Japanese: ササガニユリ
Korean: 해변거미백합
Thai: พลับพลึงตีนเป็ด
Urdu: بیچ مکڑی للی
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Location: Limbangan, Kendal Regency, Central Java Province, Indonesia.
Aryo Bandoro
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Web: https://www.dlium.com Beach spider lily (Hymenocallis littoralis)](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/XM7QS2spa9c/mqdefault.jpg)