Uploaded October 2025 | Updated September 2026, 1 week ago
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Content:
00:00 Introduction & Content
00:29 Tarsal Bones
00:39 Talus
03:59 Calcaneus
07:09 Navicular Bone
07:36 Cuboid Bone
08:20 Cuneiform Bones
08:51 Tarsal Bones Mnemonic
09:06 Metatarsals
10:10 Phalanges
11:09 Next Topic
In this video I break down the bones of the foot (tarsals, metatarsals, and phalanges), using clear visuals to help you understand their anatomy and articulation.
Tarsal Bones
Talus (Talus): forms the ankle joint; features include trochlea, medial and lateral malleolar facets, and superior facet
- Trochlea of talus (Trochlea tali): saddle-shaped top surface that articulates with tibia and fibula
- Lateral process (Processus lateralis tali): attachment for lateral talocalcaneal ligament
- Posterior calcaneal articular facet (Facies articularis calcanea posterior): articulates with calcaneus
- Posterior process (Processus posterior tali): contains lateral and medial tubercles
- Groove for flexor hallucis longus (Sulcus tendinis musculi flexoris hallucis longi): transmits flexor hallucis longus tendon
- Sulcus tali (Sulcus tali): groove between articulating facets; forms sinus tarsi with calcaneal sulcus
- Middle calcaneal articular facet (Facies articularis calcanea media): articulates with calcaneus
- Anterior calcaneal articular facet (Facies articularis calcanea anterior): anterior articulation with calcaneus
- Navicular articular surface (Facies articularis navicularis): forms talonavicular joint
Calcaneus (Calcaneus): heel bone; largest tarsal bone
- Calcaneal tuberosity (Tuber calcanei): insertion for Achilles tendon and plantar aponeurosis
- Medial and lateral processes (Processus medialis et lateralis tuberis calcanei): muscle origins including abductor digiti minimi, abductor hallucis
- Sustentaculum tali (Sustentaculum tali): supports talus head; attachment for ligaments
- Groove for flexor hallucis longus (Sulcus tendinis musculi flexoris hallucis longi): passes under sustentaculum
- Calcaneal tubercle (Tuberculum calcanei): supports long plantar ligament
- Fibular trochlea (Trochlea fibularis): guides fibularis tendons
- Anterior, middle, and posterior talar articular surfaces (Facies articulares talares): articulate with talus
- Cuboid articular surface (Facies articularis cuboidea): anterior surface for cuboid
- Calcaneal sulcus (Sulcus calcanei): forms sinus tarsi with sulcus tali
Navicular (Os naviculare): located between talus and cuneiforms
- Tuberosity of navicular (Tuberositas ossis navicularis): insertion for tibialis posterior
Cuboid (Os cuboideum): lateral bone between calcaneus and metatarsals
- Tuberosity of cuboid (Tuberositas ossis cuboidei): attachment for ligaments
- Groove for fibularis longus (Sulcus musculi fibularis longi): guides fibularis longus tendon
- Calcaneal process (Processus calcaneus ossis cuboidei): supports cuboid-calcaneus articulation
Medial cuneiform (Os cuneiforme mediale): articulates with 1st metatarsal
Intermediate cuneiform (Os cuneiforme intermedium): articulates with 2nd metatarsal
Lateral cuneiform (Os cuneiforme laterale): articulates with 3rd metatarsal
Metatarsals
- Metatarsals I–V (Ossa metatarsalia I–V): numbered medial to lateral; each has base, shaft, and head
- Tuberosity of 1st metatarsal (Tuberositas ossis metatarsalis primi): insertion for fibularis longus
- Tuberosity of 5th metatarsal (Tuberositas ossis metatarsalis quinti): insertion for fibularis brevis
Phalanges
- Proximal phalanges (Phalanges proximales): 5 in total; base, shaft, and head
- Middle phalanges (Phalanges mediae): 4 total; absent in big toe
- Distal phalanges (Phalanges distales): 5 total; each ends with a tuberosity
- Tuberosity of distal phalanx (Tuberositas phalangis distalis): attachment site for soft tissue
Mnemonic
- “Tiger Cubs Need MILC”: Talus, Calcaneus, Navicular, Medial, Intermediate, Lateral cuneiforms, Cuboid
Sources:
- Kozlowski, T. (2017). Memorix Anatomy, 2nd ed.
• Standring, S. (2020). Gray’s Anatomy, 42nd ed.
• Tubbs RS, Shoja MM, Loukas M. (2016). Bergman’s Encyclopedia of Human Anatomic Variation
• White TD, Folkens PA. (2005). The Human Bone Manual
Programs used: Complete Anatomy, Biorender, PowerPoint
🌐Website: taimtalksmed.com
🫀 Help keep this content free: youtube.com/channel/UCEr7pkSXVsHcBLLBcJAGV-Q/join
🔬Get 10% off anatomy lab models (affiliate link): https://anatomywarehouse.com?aff=34
📲Other Links:
Instagram: instagram.com/taimtalksmed
Discord: discord.com/invite/DENMUpS8ey
Content:
00:00 Introduction & Content
00:29 Tarsal Bones
00:39 Talus
03:59 Calcaneus
07:09 Navicular Bone
07:36 Cuboid Bone
08:20 Cuneiform Bones
08:51 Tarsal Bones Mnemonic
09:06 Metatarsals
10:10 Phalanges
11:09 Next Topic
In this video I break down the bones of the foot (tarsals, metatarsals, and phalanges), using clear visuals to help you understand their anatomy and articulation.
Tarsal Bones
Talus (Talus): forms the ankle joint; features include trochlea, medial and lateral malleolar facets, and superior facet
- Trochlea of talus (Trochlea tali): saddle-shaped top surface that articulates with tibia and fibula
- Lateral process (Processus lateralis tali): attachment for lateral talocalcaneal ligament
- Posterior calcaneal articular facet (Facies articularis calcanea posterior): articulates with calcaneus
- Posterior process (Processus posterior tali): contains lateral and medial tubercles
- Groove for flexor hallucis longus (Sulcus tendinis musculi flexoris hallucis longi): transmits flexor hallucis longus tendon
- Sulcus tali (Sulcus tali): groove between articulating facets; forms sinus tarsi with calcaneal sulcus
- Middle calcaneal articular facet (Facies articularis calcanea media): articulates with calcaneus
- Anterior calcaneal articular facet (Facies articularis calcanea anterior): anterior articulation with calcaneus
- Navicular articular surface (Facies articularis navicularis): forms talonavicular joint
Calcaneus (Calcaneus): heel bone; largest tarsal bone
- Calcaneal tuberosity (Tuber calcanei): insertion for Achilles tendon and plantar aponeurosis
- Medial and lateral processes (Processus medialis et lateralis tuberis calcanei): muscle origins including abductor digiti minimi, abductor hallucis
- Sustentaculum tali (Sustentaculum tali): supports talus head; attachment for ligaments
- Groove for flexor hallucis longus (Sulcus tendinis musculi flexoris hallucis longi): passes under sustentaculum
- Calcaneal tubercle (Tuberculum calcanei): supports long plantar ligament
- Fibular trochlea (Trochlea fibularis): guides fibularis tendons
- Anterior, middle, and posterior talar articular surfaces (Facies articulares talares): articulate with talus
- Cuboid articular surface (Facies articularis cuboidea): anterior surface for cuboid
- Calcaneal sulcus (Sulcus calcanei): forms sinus tarsi with sulcus tali
Navicular (Os naviculare): located between talus and cuneiforms
- Tuberosity of navicular (Tuberositas ossis navicularis): insertion for tibialis posterior
Cuboid (Os cuboideum): lateral bone between calcaneus and metatarsals
- Tuberosity of cuboid (Tuberositas ossis cuboidei): attachment for ligaments
- Groove for fibularis longus (Sulcus musculi fibularis longi): guides fibularis longus tendon
- Calcaneal process (Processus calcaneus ossis cuboidei): supports cuboid-calcaneus articulation
Medial cuneiform (Os cuneiforme mediale): articulates with 1st metatarsal
Intermediate cuneiform (Os cuneiforme intermedium): articulates with 2nd metatarsal
Lateral cuneiform (Os cuneiforme laterale): articulates with 3rd metatarsal
Metatarsals
- Metatarsals I–V (Ossa metatarsalia I–V): numbered medial to lateral; each has base, shaft, and head
- Tuberosity of 1st metatarsal (Tuberositas ossis metatarsalis primi): insertion for fibularis longus
- Tuberosity of 5th metatarsal (Tuberositas ossis metatarsalis quinti): insertion for fibularis brevis
Phalanges
- Proximal phalanges (Phalanges proximales): 5 in total; base, shaft, and head
- Middle phalanges (Phalanges mediae): 4 total; absent in big toe
- Distal phalanges (Phalanges distales): 5 total; each ends with a tuberosity
- Tuberosity of distal phalanx (Tuberositas phalangis distalis): attachment site for soft tissue
Mnemonic
- “Tiger Cubs Need MILC”: Talus, Calcaneus, Navicular, Medial, Intermediate, Lateral cuneiforms, Cuboid
Sources:
- Kozlowski, T. (2017). Memorix Anatomy, 2nd ed.
• Standring, S. (2020). Gray’s Anatomy, 42nd ed.
• Tubbs RS, Shoja MM, Loukas M. (2016). Bergman’s Encyclopedia of Human Anatomic Variation
• White TD, Folkens PA. (2005). The Human Bone Manual
Programs used: Complete Anatomy, Biorender, PowerPoint





![Muscles of the Thigh (Division, Origin, Insertion, Function)
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Content
0:00 Introduction
0:25 Division of the Thigh Muscles
0:41 Anterior Group
1:00 Quadriceps Femoris
2:03 Sartorius Muscle
2:25 Medial Group: Pectineus
2:49 Adductor Brevis
3:08 Adductor Longus
3:27 Adductor Magnus
3:56 Gracilis
4:18 Posterior Group
4:37 Biceps Femoris
5:10 Semitendinosus
5:26 Semimembranosus
Muscles of the Thigh
- Anterior Group [2]
- Medial Group [5]
- Posterior Group [3]
Anterior Group [2]
- Cover the entire anterior surface of the thigh
- Common innervation: Femoral Nerve
Quadriceps Femoris
musculus quadriceps femoris
- Recus Femoris
○ O: Anterior Inferior Iliac Spine
- Vastus Lateralis
○ O: Lateral Lip of Linea Aspera
- Vastus Medialis
○ O: Medial Lip of Linea Aspera
- Vastus Intermedius
○ O: Anterior Surface of Femus
- I: Tibial Tuberosity through Patellar Ligament
- F:
Extension of the Leg
Flextion of Femur
Sartorius Muscle
musculus sartorius
- O: Anterior Superior Iliac Spine
- I: Tibial Tuberosity
Tubebrositas tibiae
F:
Flexion of Thigh and Leg
External Rotation of Thigh
Internal Rotation of Leg
Medial Group [5]:
Pectineus
musculus pectineus
- O: Pecten Pubis
- I: Pectineal line of Femur
F:
Adduction + Flexion of Thigh
External Rotation of Thigh
Adductor Brevis
musculus adductor brevis
O: Inferior Pubic Ramus
Ramus inferior ossis pubis
I: Medial Lip of Linea Aspera
labium mediale linea aspera
F:
Adduction + Flexion of Thigh
External Rotation of Thigh
Adductor Longus
musculus adductor longus
- O: Between Pubic Symphysis and Pubic Tubercle
I: Medial Lip of Linea Aspera
labium mediale linea aspera
F:
Adduction + Flexion of Thigh
External Rotation of Thigh
Adductor Magnus
musculus adductor longus
O:
Inferior Pubic Ramus
Ischial Ramus and Ischial Tuberosity
I:
Medial Lip of Linea Aspera
Media Epicondyle of Femur
F:
Adduction + Extension of Thigh
Internal Rotation of Thigh
Gracilis
musculus gracilis
- O: Inferior Pubic Ramus
I: Tibial Tuberosity
Tubebrositas tibiae
F:
Adduction of Thigh
Flexion of Leg
Internal Rotation of Leg
Posterior Group [3]:
- Extensors of the hip joint and flexors of the knee joint
- Common innervation - Sciatic Nerve
Biceps Femoris
musculus biceps femoris
- Long Head
O: Ischial Tuberosity
tuber ischiadicum
- Short Head
○ O: Lateral Lip of Linea Aspera
I: Head of Fibula
caput fibulae
F:
Flexion of the Leg
External rotation of the Leg
Extension of the Thigh (long head)
Semitendinosus
musculus semitendinosus
O: Ischial Tuberosity
tuber ischiadicum
I: Tibial Tuberosity
tiberositas tibiae
F:
Flexion of the Leg
Internal rotation of the Leg
Extension of the Thigh
Semimembranosus
musculus semimembranosus
O: Ischial Tuberosity
tuber ischiadicum
I: Medial Condyle of Tibia
condylus medialis tibiae
F:
Flexion of the Leg
Internal rotation of the Leg
Extension of the Thigh
- Muscles of the Thigh (Division, Origin, Insertion, Function)](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/bSWpKXflkwI/mqdefault.jpg)




