Uploaded February 2022 | Updated September 2026, 1 week ago

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Content
0:00 Introduction
0:08 Division of the Back Muscles
0:34 Division of the Deep Back Muscles
2:38 Suboccipital Muscles
3:42 System of Short Muscles
4:37 Transversospinal System
7:21 Spinospinal System
8:09 Spinotransverse System
10:18 Summarize


Deep Muscles of the Back
3rd Layer
1. Suboccipital Muscles
2. System of Short Muscles
2nd Layer
3. Transversospinal System
1st Layer
(Superficial)
4. Spinospinal System
5. Spinotransverse System

1. Suboccipital Muscles
System of deep muscles of the neck

Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor
musculus rectus capitis posterior minor
- O: Posterior Tubercle of Atlas (C1)
- I: Occipital Bone below inferior nuchal line

Rectus Capitis Posterior Major
musculus rectus capitis posterior major
- O: Spinous Process of Axis (C2)
- I: Occipital Bone - inferior nuchal line

Obliquus Capitis Superior
musculus obliquus capitis superior
- O: Transverse process of Atlas (C1)
- I: Occipital Bone - inferior nuchal line

Obliquus Capitis Inferior
musculus obliquus capitis inferior
- O: Spinous Process of Axis (C2)
- I: Transverse Process of Atlas (C1)

2. System of Short Muscles
System of short muscles connecting
adjacent vertebrae

Interspinales
musculi interspinales
- Mostly Developed in Cervical and Lumbar region
- Mostly Developed in Cervical and Lumbar region
- O: Spinous Process of vertebra below
- I: Spinous Process of vertebra above

Intertransversarii
musculi intertransversales
- Mostly Developed in Cervical region
- Between transverse processes
- O: Transverse Process of vertebra below
- I: Transverse Process of vertebra above

3. Transversospinal System
Transverse process of lower vertebra to
spinous process of upper vertebra

Rotatores
musculi rotatores
- Deep muscles located in thoracic vertebra
- Long Rotatores
musculi rotatores longi
○ O: Transverse process of vertebra below
○ I: Spinous Process of 2 vertebra above
- Short Rotatores
musculi rotatores breves
- Considered a part of the 3rd layer
○ O: Transverse process of vertebra below
○ I: Spinous Process of 1 vertebra above

Multifidi
musculi multifidi
- Fills the space lateral to spinous process
- More distinctive at the lumbar region
- Short Multifidi
musculi multifidi breves
○ O: Transverse Process of vertebra below
○ I: Spinous Process of 2 vertebra above
- Long Multifidi
musculi multifidi longus
○ O: Transverse Process of vertebra below
○ I: Spinous Process of 3 vertebra above

Semispinalis
musculi semispinales
- 3 Parts
- Semispinalis Thoracis
musculi semispinalis thocis
○ O: Transverse Process of T6-T11
○ I: Spinous Process of C6-T4
- Semispinalis Cervicis
musculi semispinalis cervicis
○ O: Transverse Process of T1-T6
○ I: Spinous Process of C2-C5
- Semispinalis Capitis
musculi semispinalis capitis
○ O: Transverse Process of C4-T6
○ I: Occipital Bone – Between inferior and
superior nuchal line

4. Spinospinal System
From the spinous process of lower vertebra to
spinous process of upper vertebra

Spinalis
musculus spinalis
- 2 Parts
- Spinalis Cervicis
musculus spinalis cervicis
○ O: Spinous Process of C6-T2
○ I: Spinous Process of C2-C4
- Spinalis Thoracis
musculi semispinalis thoracis
○ O: Spinous Process of T10-L3
○ I: Spinous Process of T1-T8

5. Spinotransverse System
From the spinous process of lower vertebra to
transverse process of upper vertebra

Longissimus
musculus longissimus
- 3 Parts
- Longissimus Thoracis
musculus longissimus thoracis
○ O:
Dorsal Surfac of Sarum
Iliac Crest
Spinous process of T11-L5
○ I: - Transverse Process of T1-T12
- 2nd/3rd - 12th Rib
- Longissimus Cervicis
musculus longissimus cervicis
○ O: Transverse Process of T1-T6
○ I: Transverse Process of C2-C5
- Longissimus Capitis
musculus longissimus capitis
○ O: Transverse Process of C4-T4
○ I: Mastoid Process

Splenius
musculus splenius
- 2 Parts
- Splenius Capitis
musculus splenius capitis
○ O: Spinous Process of C3-T3 + Nuchal Ligament
○ I: mastoid Process
- Splenius Cervicis
musculus longissimus capitis
○ O: Spinous Process of T3-T6
○ I: Transverse Process of C1-C2

Ileocostal
musculus ileocostalis
- Ileocostalis lumborum
musculus iliocostalis lumborum
○ O: Thoracolumbar fascia, Iliac crest, dorsal sacrum
○ I: 6 lower ribs
- Ileocostalis thoracis
musculus iliocostalis thoracis
○ O: 6 lower ribs
○ I: 6 upper ribs
- Ileocostalis cervicis
musculus iliocostalis cervicis
○ O: 6 upper ribs
○ I: Transverse Process of C4-C6