Uploaded August 2025 | Updated September 2026, 1 week ago

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Content:
00:00 Introduction & Content
00:34 What is the Pelvis?
04:23 Hip Bone
04:32 Ilium
09:18 Pubis
10:52 Ischium
12:19 Pelvic Articulations
14:00 Outro & Next Topic

This video is about the pelvis and hip bone.

What is the Pelvis?
The pelvis is the ring-like bony structure connecting the spine to the lower limbs. These form the bony pelvis, which is divided into:
- Greater pelvis (false pelvis) – Located above the pelvic brim; supports abdominal organs.
- Lesser pelvis (true pelvis) – Located below the brim; contains pelvic and urogenital organs.

The pelvic inlet is marked by the linea terminalis

Diameters:

- Transverse diameter – Widest horizontal span, ~13 cm.
- Oblique diameter – From sacroiliac joint to iliopectineal eminence, ~13.5 cm.
- Anatomical conjugate – From sacral promontory to pubic symphysis, ~11–12 cm.

Hip Bone Anatomy

Ilium (Os ilium)
- Iliac crest (Crista iliaca) – Palpable ridge; muscle attachment site.
- Anterior superior iliac spine (Spina iliaca anterior superior) – Sartorius, inguinal ligament attachment.
- Anterior inferior iliac spine (Spina iliaca anterior inferior) – Rectus femoris origin; iliofemoral ligament.
- Posterior superior iliac spine (Spina iliaca posterior superior) – Posterior attachment for ligaments and fascia.
- Posterior inferior iliac spine (Spina iliaca posterior inferior) – Landmark at posterior ilium border.
- Iliac tubercle (Tuberculum iliacum)
- Iliac fossa (Fossa iliaca) – Origin of iliacus muscle.
- Arcuate line (Linea arcuata) – Internal ridge, part of pelvic brim.
- Iliac tuberosity (Tuberositas iliaca) – Roughened area for sacroiliac ligament.
- Auricular surface (Facies auricularis) – Articulates with sacrum at sacroiliac joint.
- Gluteal surface (Facies glutea) – Outer surface for gluteal muscle origin.
- Posterior gluteal line (Linea glutea posterior) – Between gluteus maximus and medius origin zones.
- Anterior gluteal line (Linea glutea anterior) – Separates medius and minimus origins.
- Inferior gluteal line (Linea glutea inferior) – Marks lower origin of gluteus minimus.
- Supra-acetabular groove (Sulcus supraacetabularis) – Origin of reflected head of rectus femoris.

Ischium (Os ischii)
- Ischial tuberosity (Tuber ischiadicum) – Origin for hamstrings and ligament attachments.
- Ischial spine (Spina ischiadica) – Landmark between sciatic notches.
- Greater sciatic notch (Incisura ischiadica major) – Becomes foramen via sacrospinous ligament.
- Lesser sciatic notch (Incisura ischiadica minor) – Converted to foramen by sacrotuberous ligament.
- Body of ischium (Corpus ossis ischii) – Forms lower part of acetabulum.
- Ramus of ischium (Ramus ossis ischii) – Fuses with inferior pubic ramus; supports obturator foramen.

Pubis (Os pubis)
- Pubic tubercle (Tuberculum pubicum) – Inguinal and superior pubic ligament attachment.
- Pubic crest (Crista pubica) – Rectus abdominis and pyramidalis origin.
- Symphysial surface (Facies symphysialis) – Forms pubic symphysis with opposite pubis.
- Pecten pubis (Pecten ossis pubis) – Pectineus muscle origin, part of pelvic brim.
- Obturator crest (Crista obturatoria) – Defines obturator canal path.
- Superior pubic ramus (Ramus superior ossis pubis) – Forms upper part of obturator foramen.
- Inferior pubic ramus (Ramus inferior ossis pubis) – Fuses with ischial ramus.

Acetabulum
- Acetabular margin (Margo acetabuli) – Rim of the socket.
- Acetabular notch (Incisura acetabuli) – Incomplete area bridged by ligament.
- Lunate surface (Facies lunata) – Articular surface for femoral head.
- Acetabular fossa (Fossa acetabuli) – Non-articular central depression.

Articulations & Ligaments

- Sacroiliac joint (Articulatio sacroiliaca) – Between sacrum and ilium; strong ligamentous support.
- Pubic symphysis (Symphysis pubica) – Fibrocartilaginous joint at midline.
- Posterior sacroiliac ligament (Lig. sacroiliacum posterius) – Stabilizes posterior SI joint.
- Anterior sacroiliac ligament (Lig. sacroiliacum anterius) – Supports anterior capsule.
- Interosseous sacroiliac ligament (Lig. sacroiliacum interosseum)
- Sacrotuberous ligament (Lig. sacrotuberale) – Converts sciatic notch to foramen.
- Sacrospinous ligament (Lig. sacrospinale)
- Superior pubic ligament (Lig. pubicum superius)
- Inferior pubic ligament (Lig. pubicum inferius)
- Obturator membrane (Membrana obturatoria)

Sources:
• Kozlowski, T. (2017). Memorix Anatomy, 2nd ed.
• Standring, S. (2020). Gray’s Anatomy, 42nd edition
• Tubbs RS, Shoja MM, Loukas M. (2016). Bergman’s Encyclopedia of Human Anatomic Variation
• White TD, Folkens PA. (2005). The Human Bone Manual

Programs used: Complete Anatomy, Biorender, PowerPoint