Uploaded July 2013 | Updated September 2026, 2 weeks ago
Tishitu explains:
في يحرث الإنسان نحن مع ربط آلات ونحن نعمل مع الإلكترون من عقود طويلة الى الوراء لدينا شعور مختلف التكنولوجيات التي تعمل باللمس بالسعة الشاشات التي تعمل باللمس مثل مقاوم ولكن هذه هي مكلفة إذا زدنا المنطقة ولكن بعض العمل الرائع الذي قام به التعرف على الإيماءات. في كشف نقطة سائل مشروعنا يتم مع عدة لمسة إصبع في مثل I-الوسادات يمكننا تلمس نقطتين فقط حتى هذه المعايير وهذا هو أيضا التي تعمل باللمس المتعدد ولكن الحوسبة السطح مع الحوسبة الشبكية يمكننا أن نذهب لمدة 20 علامات إيمانية نقطة في ذلك أو نقاط النقطه أصبحت التكنولوجيا بسبب الابتكارات الحديثة اللمس المتعدد بأسعار معقولة. لهذا المشروع وقد تم بناؤها على كاميرا جهاز يستند اللمس المتعدد في التصوير العلمي ومجموعة الواقع الافتراضي من قسم العلوم الحاسوبية من الجامعات فان أمستردام. لأداء تتبع نقطة اللمس المتعدد كنا Touchlib، كما حر مفتوح المصدر إطار اللمس المتعدد. للتدليل على إمكانيات تقنية اللمس المتعدد مدخلات أنشأنا تطبيقات الوسائط الغنية الجديدة التي يسيطر عليها الإيماءات. يمكن تحت من تقنية اللمس المتعدد، ويتجلى البرامج الموجودة في هذا الجانب كلاين لإعادة تشغيل نظام المغناطيس حيث imtuled مايكروسوفت سطح جانب العميل وتطبيق القائمة وAPI من RFID هو بروتوكول الاتصالات R-S232. جانب الخادم (تسجيل والشيف) التسجيل للفحص المبلغ تجديد المبلغ وطاه تسجيل جديدة أو الجانب المطبخ هو لوقت من أجل الثمن. حيث إذا كنت قد نسيت بطاقة RFID ليس هناك قلق أنت فقط الرساله المطعم تقنية GSM أنه سوف يعمل نفس. عبر رمز نظم اللمس المتعدد غالبا ما تقف وحدها النظم التي ليس لديها أجهزة الإدخال الخارجية المرفقة. من أجل تبسيط المهام المشتركة، وقد تم تصميم محرك التعرف على الإيماءات (Gesturelib). من خلال مجموعة من التجارب نقيم كيف اللمس المتعدد مدخلات بشأن ينفذ المهام بالمقارنة مع الإدخال الماوس التقليدية. على عكس التفاعل على جهاز كمبيوتر سطح المكتب اللمس المتعدد يسمح للمستخدمين متعددة للتفاعل مع نفس الأجهزة في نفس الوقت. نقدم القياسات التي تظهر كيف تعاون على طاولة اللمس المتعدد يمكن أن يحسن من أداء لأداء مهام محددة.
TISHITU
ISO: 9001-2008
RESEARCH AND CONSULTANCY CELL OF INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION
A Joint Accreditation System of Australia and New Zealand
Copyright © All Rights Reserved tishitu.org Reg No.08122629691/SSI
Accreditation No. M3111204IN
-~-~~-~~~-~~-~-
Please watch: "Lifi Communication by Arduino UNO Download Project"
youtube.com/watch?v=c4gC8dbaiZg
-~-~~-~~~-~~-~-
Tishitu explains:
في يحرث الإنسان نحن مع ربط آلات ونحن نعمل مع الإلكترون من عقود طويلة الى الوراء لدينا شعور مختلف التكنولوجيات التي تعمل باللمس بالسعة الشاشات التي تعمل باللمس مثل مقاوم ولكن هذه هي مكلفة إذا زدنا المنطقة ولكن بعض العمل الرائع الذي قام به التعرف على الإيماءات. في كشف نقطة سائل مشروعنا يتم مع عدة لمسة إصبع في مثل I-الوسادات يمكننا تلمس نقطتين فقط حتى هذه المعايير وهذا هو أيضا التي تعمل باللمس المتعدد ولكن الحوسبة السطح مع الحوسبة الشبكية يمكننا أن نذهب لمدة 20 علامات إيمانية نقطة في ذلك أو نقاط النقطه أصبحت التكنولوجيا بسبب الابتكارات الحديثة اللمس المتعدد بأسعار معقولة. لهذا المشروع وقد تم بناؤها على كاميرا جهاز يستند اللمس المتعدد في التصوير العلمي ومجموعة الواقع الافتراضي من قسم العلوم الحاسوبية من الجامعات فان أمستردام. لأداء تتبع نقطة اللمس المتعدد كنا Touchlib، كما حر مفتوح المصدر إطار اللمس المتعدد. للتدليل على إمكانيات تقنية اللمس المتعدد مدخلات أنشأنا تطبيقات الوسائط الغنية الجديدة التي يسيطر عليها الإيماءات. يمكن تحت من تقنية اللمس المتعدد، ويتجلى البرامج الموجودة في هذا الجانب كلاين لإعادة تشغيل نظام المغناطيس حيث imtuled مايكروسوفت سطح جانب العميل وتطبيق القائمة وAPI من RFID هو بروتوكول الاتصالات R-S232. جانب الخادم (تسجيل والشيف) التسجيل للفحص المبلغ تجديد المبلغ وطاه تسجيل جديدة أو الجانب المطبخ هو لوقت من أجل الثمن. حيث إذا كنت قد نسيت بطاقة RFID ليس هناك قلق أنت فقط الرساله المطعم تقنية GSM أنه سوف يعمل نفس. عبر رمز نظم اللمس المتعدد غالبا ما تقف وحدها النظم التي ليس لديها أجهزة الإدخال الخارجية المرفقة. من أجل تبسيط المهام المشتركة، وقد تم تصميم محرك التعرف على الإيماءات (Gesturelib). من خلال مجموعة من التجارب نقيم كيف اللمس المتعدد مدخلات بشأن ينفذ المهام بالمقارنة مع الإدخال الماوس التقليدية. على عكس التفاعل على جهاز كمبيوتر سطح المكتب اللمس المتعدد يسمح للمستخدمين متعددة للتفاعل مع نفس الأجهزة في نفس الوقت. نقدم القياسات التي تظهر كيف تعاون على طاولة اللمس المتعدد يمكن أن يحسن من أداء لأداء مهام محددة.
TISHITU
ISO: 9001-2008
RESEARCH AND CONSULTANCY CELL OF INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION
A Joint Accreditation System of Australia and New Zealand
Copyright © All Rights Reserved tishitu.org Reg No.08122629691/SSI
Accreditation No. M3111204IN
-~-~~-~~~-~~-~-
Please watch: "Lifi Communication by Arduino UNO Download Project"
youtube.com/watch?v=c4gC8dbaiZg
-~-~~-~~~-~~-~-
![How to use Audio, Sine, Square wave by Speaker in Proteus Simulator
Audio Play in Proteus
In this video we are playing audio, for that we required speaker, audio generator and voltage probe. Connect speaker one terminal with audio generator and another with ground. Voltage probe is connected between speaker and audio generator. Oscilloscope probe A is connected with input audio. This audio input is called Audio Generator in Proteus and is found in the Generator Mode panel. When you double click it you will find the following. In the WAV audio file setting you can see the browse button which you can click and select the audio file. The audio file must be however .wav file. But you can change any audio file like mp3 to .wav file with a sound converter. And once you have selected the audio file, you should set the amplitude level.At the output of the circuit you can see a sound speaker. This is found in the proteus library. Just type speaker in the library search box. When you hit the simulation run button then you can hear the sound in real time. The Analogue analysis shows the wave simulation which given to the generator. Changes according to the input given to the generator. The speaker input voltage is 10V.
The three types of output are shows in a video i.e. Audio wave, sine wave and pulse wave. For audio wave click on the generator and edit properties like select audio then go to browser select audio wave file then edit analogue analysis properties like start time is zero to stop time 5 seconds and simulate it. For sine wave change the properties of generator such as amplitude 5v and frequency is 1khz then edit analogue analysis properties i.e. start time is zero to stop time 50 milliseconds and simulate it. For pulse wave change the properties of generator such as amplitude 5v and frequency is 1khz then edit analogue analysis properties i.e. start time is zero to stop time 50 milliseconds and simulate it. The all output we get i.e. audio wave, sine wave and pulse wave.
Audio Source :-
Distrion& Alex Skrindo - Entropy [NCS Release]
this music is provided by NCS, the link to the track is
https://youtu.be/iaKgF1Vf5bQ
Download File From Link Below
http://www.mediafire.com/file/0v15b6ayg21z0v9/Audio_proteus.zip
Download Proteus Latest Version
https://www.labcenter.com/
TISHITU
ISO: 9001-2008
RESEARCH AND CONSULTANCY CELL OF INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION
A Joint Accreditation System of Australia and New Zealand
Copyright © All Rights Reserved www.tishitu.org Reg No.08122629691/SSI
Accreditation No. M3111204IN
-~-~~-~~~-~~-~-
Please watch: Lifi Communication by Arduino UNO Download Project
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c4gC8dbaiZg
-~-~~-~~~-~~-~- How to use Audio, Sine, Square wave by Speaker in Proteus Simulator](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/NttWMO5eKxc/mqdefault.jpg)

![Control Area Network (CAN) Part-1
What is CAN?
Controller Area Network (CAN) is a serial network that was originally designed for the automotive industry, but has also become a popular bus in industrial automation as well as other applications. The CAN bus is primarily used in embedded systems, and as its name implies, is the network established among microcontrollers. It is a two-wire, half duplex, high-speed network system and is well suited for high speed applications using short messages. Its robustness, reliability and the large following from the semiconductor industry are some of the benefits with CAN.
FullCAN
FullCAN is used in more expensive, high performance CAN controllers and microcontrollers. The FullCAN controller has a set of buffers called mailboxes. On initialization, each mailbox is assigned an identifier and is set to transmit or receive.
When the CAN controller receives a message it checks the mailboxes in order to see is there is a receive mailbox with the same identifier as the message. If such a mailbox is found, the message is stored in it and the host controller is notified. Otherwise the message is discarded.
When transmitting a message the message length and data is written to the transmit mailbox with the correct identifier.
If a remote message is received the controller checks the remote identifier against the transmit mailboxes. If a match is found, the controller automatically sends a message with the identifier and data contained in that mailbox. This means that the microcontroller gets a lower load, and that the software does not have to handle remote messages. However, if the mailbox has not been updated in a long time, the information sent to the network will be old. This have to be considered when writing the software.
With a FullCAN controller it is possible to filter out only the exact message types that are interesting. This type of controller will therefore give a lower load on the host microcontroller. However, the number of mailboxes are limited. The largest number of mailboxes present in a CAN controller today is ???.
With some controllers it is possible to reconfigure the mailboxes dynamically. However, that does not completely solve the problem. Therefore some controllers are mixed CAN controllers, that is they have mailboxes, but also BasicCAN buffers.
FullCAN controllers have support for automatically answering remote frames. This will decrease the load on the host microcontroller or processor, but may also mean that old information is sent. It is very important to take this into consideration when writing your application.
CAN can theoretically link up to 2032 devices (assuming one node with one identifier) on a single network. However, due to the practical limitation of the hardware (transceivers), it can only link up to110 nodes (with 82C250, Philips) on a single network. It offers high-speed communication rate up to 1 Mbits/sec thus allows real-time control. In addition, the error confinement and the error detection feature make it more reliable in noise critical environment.
LInk :- http://hem.bredband.net/stafni/developer/CAN.htm
CAN bus (for controller area network) is a vehicle bus standard designed to allow microcontrollers and devices to communicate with each other within a vehicle without a host computer.
CAN bus is a message-based protocol, designed specifically for automotive applications but now also used in other areas such as industrial automation and medical equipment.
Development of CAN bus started originally in 1983 at Robert Bosch GmbH.[1] The protocol was officially released in 1986 at the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) congress in Detroit, Michigan. The first CAN controller chips, produced by Intel and Philips, came on the market in 1987. Bosch published the CAN 2.0 specification in 1991.
CAN bus is one of five protocols used in the OBD-II vehicle diagnostics standard. The OBD-II standard has been mandatory for all cars and light trucks sold in the United States since 1996, and the EOBD standard has been mandatory for all petrol vehicles sold in the European Union since 2001 and all diesel vehicles since 2004.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus
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Please watch: Lifi Communication by Arduino UNO Download Project
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c4gC8dbaiZg
-~-~~-~~~-~~-~- Control Area Network (CAN) Part-1](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/Ocpg4jg6CfY/mqdefault.jpg)





![Half Wave Rectifier
Half Wave Rectifier
In Half Wave Rectifiertype, only one diode is used. Generally, a step-down transformer is used to provide the required secondary voltage. The transformer isolates the load from the line. This reduces the possibility of electric shock.In the positive half cycle of secondary voltage, the diode is forward biased for voltages greater than the offset voltage. The offset voltage is 0.7 V for silicon diodes and 0.3 V for germanium diodes. This produces a half sine wave of voltage across the load resistor.
In the negative half cycle, the diode is reverse biased. The load current drops to zero.
The load current is always in the same direction. This provides rectification.
Average Voltage = Vdc = Vp/π = 0.318 Vp
Where, Vp = peak value of voltage across secondary. The value of direct current, the diode can handle is called as ‘Current rating of diode’ (Io).
Peak Inverse Voltage – In the negative half – cycle, the diode is reverse-biased. All secondary voltage appears across the diode. The maximum negative (reverse) voltage appearing across the diode is called the ‘Peak Inverse Voltage’ (PIV). To avoid break down, the PIV must be less than PIV rating of the diode.
For half wave rectifier PIV = Vp.
Maximum efficiency of half wave rectifier is 40.6 %.
Advantages and Disadvantages of Half wave rectifier:
A half wave rectifier is rarely used in practice. It is never preferred as the power supply of an audio circuit because of the very high ripple factor. High ripple factor will result in noises in input audio signal, which in turn will affect audio quality.
Advantage of a half wave rectifier is only that its cheap, simple and easy to construct. It is cheap because of the low number of components involved. Simple because of the straight forwardness in circuit design. Apart from this, a half wave rectifier has more number of disadvantages than advantages!
Disadvantages of Half wave rectifier:
1. The output current in the load contains, in addition to dc component, ac components of basic frequency equal to that of the input voltage frequency. Ripple factor is high and an elaborate filtering is, therefore, required to give steady dc output.
2. The power output and, therefore, rectification efficiency is quite low. This is due to the fact that power is delivered only during one half cycle of the input alternating voltage.
3. Transformer utilization factor is low.
4. DC saturation of transformer core resulting in magnetizing current and hysteresis losses and generation of harmonics.
The DC output available from a half-wave rectifier is not satisfactory to make a general power supply. However it can be used for some applications like battery charging.
JJD - Adventure [NCS Release]
this music is provided by NCS, the link to the track is
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f2xGx...
Download Files From Link:-
http://www.mediafire.com/file/t5lv7ms3lwzlpf6/half_wave_rectifier.zip
TISHITU
ISO: 9001-2008
RESEARCH AND CONSULTANCY CELL OF INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION
A Joint Accreditation System of Australia and New Zealand
Copyright © All Rights Reserved www.tishitu.org Reg No.08122629691/SSI
Accreditation No. M3111204IN
-~-~~-~~~-~~-~-
Please watch: Lifi Communication by Arduino UNO Download Project
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c4gC8dbaiZg
-~-~~-~~~-~~-~- Half Wave Rectifier](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/R-A9EFjzEAg/mqdefault.jpg)
![Led Blinking 8051 Microcontroller
Tishitu explains
A typical stack, storing local data and call information for nested procedure calls (not necessarily nested procedures!). This stack grows downward from its origin. The stack pointer points to the current topmost datum on the stack. A push operation decrements the pointer and copies the data to the stack; a pop operation copies data from the stack and then increments the pointer. Each procedure called in the program stores procedure return information (in yellow) and local data (in other colors) by pushing them onto the stack. This type of stack implementation is extremely common, but it is vulnerable to buffer overflow attacks (see the text).
A typical stack is an area of computer memory with a fixed origin and a variable size. Initially the size of the stack is zero. A stack pointer, usually in the form of a hardware register, points to the most recently referenced location on the stack; when the stack has a size of zero, the stack pointer points to the origin of the stack.
The two operations applicable to all stacks are:
a push operation, in which a data item is placed at the location pointed to by the stack pointer, and the address in the stack pointer is adjusted by the size of the data item;
a pop or pull operation: a data item at the current location pointed to by the stack pointer is removed, and the stack pointer is adjusted by the size of the data item.
In computer science, a stack is a last in, first out (LIFO) abstract data type and linear data structure. A stack can have any abstract data type as an element, but is characterized by only three fundamental operations: push, pop and stack top. The push operation adds a new item to the top of the stack, or initializes the stack if it is empty. If the stack is full and does not contain enough space to accept the given item, the stack is then considered to be in an overflow state. The pop operation removes an item from the top of the stack. A pop either reveals previously concealed items, or results in an empty stack, but if the stack is empty then it goes into underflow state (It means no items are present in stack to be removed). The stack top operation gets the data from the top-most position and returns it to the user without deleting it. The same underflow state can also occur in stack top operation if stack is empty.
A stack is a restricted data structure, because only a small number of operations are performed on it. The nature of the pop and push operations also means that stack elements have a natural order. Elements are removed from the stack in the reverse order to the order of their addition: therefore, the lower elements are those that have been on the stack the longest
Microcontroller have a hardware call stack, which is used to save return addresses. The hardware stack is not software accessible on earlier devices, but this changed with the 18 series devices
Initiate
In modern computer languages, the stack is usually implemented with more operations than just push,pop and Stack Top. Some implementations have a function which returns the current number of items on the stack. Alternatively, some implementations have a function that just returns if the stack is empty. Another typical helper operation stack top[4] (also known as peek) can return the current top element of the stack without removing it.
Implementation
In most high level languages, a stack can be easily implemented either through an array or a linked list. What identifies the data structure as a stack in either case is not the implementation but the interface: the user is only allowed to pop or push items onto the array or linked list, with few other helper operations. The following will demonstrate both implementations, using C.
The array implementation aims to create an array where the first element (usually at the zero-offset) is the bottom. That is, array[0] is the first element pushed onto the stack and the last element popped off. The program must keep track of the size, or the length of the stack. The stack itself can therefore be effectively implemented as a two-element structure in C:
.
Hardware support for a general purpose parameter stack was lacking in early series, but this greatly improved in the 18 series, making the 18 series architecture more friendly to high level language compilers.
TISHITU
RESEARCH AND CONSULTANCY CELL OF INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION
ISO 9001: 2015 Certification No:- 161115605 Scotland Accreditation Forum
Copyright © All Rights Reserved www.tishitu.net email tishitu@gmail.com
SSI REG. NO. 081452124498/SSI
-~-~~-~~~-~~-~-
Please watch: Lifi Communication by Arduino UNO Download Project
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c4gC8dbaiZg
-~-~~-~~~-~~-~- Led Blinking 8051 Microcontroller](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/R2ZPPUjOO0M/mqdefault.jpg)
