Uploaded September 2018 | Updated September 2026, 1 week ago
How to read from "Analog Read Serial " through digital pins of Arduino Board
Here is the simple example how to read Analog input from Arduino uno boards well concept is quiet simple where digital stands for variation of 5v with discrete value of 1024 variations lower value for negative side 0 "Ground" and higher value is positive side "5V"volt supply when we apply voltage or ground at potentiomete static terminals at ends give variation at middle pin to provide potential variation to pin A0 of Arduino board it will give desired output to the Tx pin "1" and read at Serial Debugger or monitor read more :-
arduino.cc/en/Tutorial/AnalogReadSerial
Components to Buy :-
Indian User Buy:-
******************Arduino Uno R3 Board***********
amazon.in/Robo-India-UNO-R3-Arduino-Original/dp/B00WSKMZF8/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1536276854&sr=8-1&keywords=arduino+uno
Foreign User Buy :-
amazon.com/Arduino-Uno-R3-Microcontroller-A000066/dp/B008GRTSV6/ref=sr_1_8?ie=UTF8&qid=1536276918&sr=8-8&keywords=arduino+uno+r3
*********************Bread Board*******************
Indian User Buy:-
amazon.in/Robo-India-MB-102-Breadboard-Solderless/dp/B01ID6P7A0/ref=sr_1_12?s=industrial&rps=1&ie=UTF8&qid=1536361205&sr=1-12&keywords=breadboard&refinements=p_98%3A10440597031%2Cp_n_pct-off-with-tax%3A2665399031
Foreign User Buy :-
amazon.com/Raspberry-kuman-Solderless-Breadboard-resistance/dp/B01LYN4J3B/ref=sr_1_10?ie=UTF8&qid=1536361301&sr=8-10&keywords=breadboard
*************Potentiometer / Variable resistance*************
Indian User Buy:-
amazon.in/Generic-A500K-Audio-Guitar-Potentiometer-15007487MG/dp/B011E9NPZW/ref=sr_1_4?ie=UTF8&qid=1536416646&sr=8-4&keywords=potentiometer
Foreign User Buy :-
amazon.com/Uxcell-a15011600ux0213-Linear-Rotary-Potentiometer/dp/B0171M5SRE/ref=sr_1_4?ie=UTF8&qid=1536416691&sr=8-4&keywords=potentiometer
***********************Resistance*********************
***********************Jumpre Wire *********************
Indian User Buy:-
amazon.in/Robo-India-JW-C3-Jumper-Wire/dp/B00YJ67SYW/ref=sr_1_1?srs=5676403031&ie=UTF8&qid=1536361808&sr=8-1&keywords=jumper+wire
Foreign User Buy :-
amazon.com/Elegoo-EL-CP-004-Multicolored-Breadboard-arduino/dp/B01EV70C78/ref=sr_1_1?s=electronics&ie=UTF8&qid=1536361761&sr=1-1&keywords=jumper+wire
*****************USB Cable for Arduino *****************
Indian User Buy:-
amazon.in/Robo-India-USB-Cable-Multicolor/dp/B00WQNZB7Q/ref=sr_1_1?srs=5676403031&ie=UTF8&qid=1536361866&sr=8-1&keywords=usb+cable+for+arduino
Foreign User Buy :-
amazon.com/Data-Sync-Cable-Arduino-Microcontroller/dp/B01N9IP8LF/ref=sr_1_3?ie=UTF8&qid=1536361907&sr=8-3&keywords=usb+cable+for+arduino
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
Software Used :-
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
1.- Proteus Simulator Download
labcenter.com/simulation
2.- Download Drivers and Compiler for Arduino :-
Software For windows :-
arduino.cc/en/Main/Software
For Windows Installation Direct:-
goo.gl/ebPqnL
For Mac-OS x
goo.gl/VobPaJ
For Linux 32 Bit
goo.gl/hUPFtB
For Linux 64 Bit
goo.gl/cBLg6S
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
Background Music :-
Song: Ikson - Spring (Vlog No Copyright Music) Music promoted by Vlog No Copyright Music. Video Link: youtu.be/xSZU2XMUAYY
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
TISHITU
ISO: 9001: 2015
RESEARCH AND CONSULTANCY CELL OF INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION
Copyright © All Rights Reserved tishitu.net Reg SSI REG. NO. 081452124498/SSI
Accreditation No. M3111204IN
Certification No:- 161115605 Scotland Accreditation Forum
-~-~~-~~~-~~-~-
Please watch: "Lifi Communication by Arduino UNO Download Project"
youtube.com/watch?v=c4gC8dbaiZg
-~-~~-~~~-~~-~-
How to read from "Analog Read Serial " through digital pins of Arduino Board
Here is the simple example how to read Analog input from Arduino uno boards well concept is quiet simple where digital stands for variation of 5v with discrete value of 1024 variations lower value for negative side 0 "Ground" and higher value is positive side "5V"volt supply when we apply voltage or ground at potentiomete static terminals at ends give variation at middle pin to provide potential variation to pin A0 of Arduino board it will give desired output to the Tx pin "1" and read at Serial Debugger or monitor read more :-
arduino.cc/en/Tutorial/AnalogReadSerial
Components to Buy :-
Indian User Buy:-
******************Arduino Uno R3 Board***********
amazon.in/Robo-India-UNO-R3-Arduino-Original/dp/B00WSKMZF8/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1536276854&sr=8-1&keywords=arduino+uno
Foreign User Buy :-
amazon.com/Arduino-Uno-R3-Microcontroller-A000066/dp/B008GRTSV6/ref=sr_1_8?ie=UTF8&qid=1536276918&sr=8-8&keywords=arduino+uno+r3
*********************Bread Board*******************
Indian User Buy:-
amazon.in/Robo-India-MB-102-Breadboard-Solderless/dp/B01ID6P7A0/ref=sr_1_12?s=industrial&rps=1&ie=UTF8&qid=1536361205&sr=1-12&keywords=breadboard&refinements=p_98%3A10440597031%2Cp_n_pct-off-with-tax%3A2665399031
Foreign User Buy :-
amazon.com/Raspberry-kuman-Solderless-Breadboard-resistance/dp/B01LYN4J3B/ref=sr_1_10?ie=UTF8&qid=1536361301&sr=8-10&keywords=breadboard
*************Potentiometer / Variable resistance*************
Indian User Buy:-
amazon.in/Generic-A500K-Audio-Guitar-Potentiometer-15007487MG/dp/B011E9NPZW/ref=sr_1_4?ie=UTF8&qid=1536416646&sr=8-4&keywords=potentiometer
Foreign User Buy :-
amazon.com/Uxcell-a15011600ux0213-Linear-Rotary-Potentiometer/dp/B0171M5SRE/ref=sr_1_4?ie=UTF8&qid=1536416691&sr=8-4&keywords=potentiometer
***********************Resistance*********************
***********************Jumpre Wire *********************
Indian User Buy:-
amazon.in/Robo-India-JW-C3-Jumper-Wire/dp/B00YJ67SYW/ref=sr_1_1?srs=5676403031&ie=UTF8&qid=1536361808&sr=8-1&keywords=jumper+wire
Foreign User Buy :-
amazon.com/Elegoo-EL-CP-004-Multicolored-Breadboard-arduino/dp/B01EV70C78/ref=sr_1_1?s=electronics&ie=UTF8&qid=1536361761&sr=1-1&keywords=jumper+wire
*****************USB Cable for Arduino *****************
Indian User Buy:-
amazon.in/Robo-India-USB-Cable-Multicolor/dp/B00WQNZB7Q/ref=sr_1_1?srs=5676403031&ie=UTF8&qid=1536361866&sr=8-1&keywords=usb+cable+for+arduino
Foreign User Buy :-
amazon.com/Data-Sync-Cable-Arduino-Microcontroller/dp/B01N9IP8LF/ref=sr_1_3?ie=UTF8&qid=1536361907&sr=8-3&keywords=usb+cable+for+arduino
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
Software Used :-
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
1.- Proteus Simulator Download
labcenter.com/simulation
2.- Download Drivers and Compiler for Arduino :-
Software For windows :-
arduino.cc/en/Main/Software
For Windows Installation Direct:-
goo.gl/ebPqnL
For Mac-OS x
goo.gl/VobPaJ
For Linux 32 Bit
goo.gl/hUPFtB
For Linux 64 Bit
goo.gl/cBLg6S
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
Background Music :-
Song: Ikson - Spring (Vlog No Copyright Music) Music promoted by Vlog No Copyright Music. Video Link: youtu.be/xSZU2XMUAYY
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
TISHITU
ISO: 9001: 2015
RESEARCH AND CONSULTANCY CELL OF INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION
Copyright © All Rights Reserved tishitu.net Reg SSI REG. NO. 081452124498/SSI
Accreditation No. M3111204IN
Certification No:- 161115605 Scotland Accreditation Forum
-~-~~-~~~-~~-~-
Please watch: "Lifi Communication by Arduino UNO Download Project"
youtube.com/watch?v=c4gC8dbaiZg
-~-~~-~~~-~~-~-



![Half Wave Rectifier
Half Wave Rectifier
In Half Wave Rectifiertype, only one diode is used. Generally, a step-down transformer is used to provide the required secondary voltage. The transformer isolates the load from the line. This reduces the possibility of electric shock.In the positive half cycle of secondary voltage, the diode is forward biased for voltages greater than the offset voltage. The offset voltage is 0.7 V for silicon diodes and 0.3 V for germanium diodes. This produces a half sine wave of voltage across the load resistor.
In the negative half cycle, the diode is reverse biased. The load current drops to zero.
The load current is always in the same direction. This provides rectification.
Average Voltage = Vdc = Vp/π = 0.318 Vp
Where, Vp = peak value of voltage across secondary. The value of direct current, the diode can handle is called as ‘Current rating of diode’ (Io).
Peak Inverse Voltage – In the negative half – cycle, the diode is reverse-biased. All secondary voltage appears across the diode. The maximum negative (reverse) voltage appearing across the diode is called the ‘Peak Inverse Voltage’ (PIV). To avoid break down, the PIV must be less than PIV rating of the diode.
For half wave rectifier PIV = Vp.
Maximum efficiency of half wave rectifier is 40.6 %.
Advantages and Disadvantages of Half wave rectifier:
A half wave rectifier is rarely used in practice. It is never preferred as the power supply of an audio circuit because of the very high ripple factor. High ripple factor will result in noises in input audio signal, which in turn will affect audio quality.
Advantage of a half wave rectifier is only that its cheap, simple and easy to construct. It is cheap because of the low number of components involved. Simple because of the straight forwardness in circuit design. Apart from this, a half wave rectifier has more number of disadvantages than advantages!
Disadvantages of Half wave rectifier:
1. The output current in the load contains, in addition to dc component, ac components of basic frequency equal to that of the input voltage frequency. Ripple factor is high and an elaborate filtering is, therefore, required to give steady dc output.
2. The power output and, therefore, rectification efficiency is quite low. This is due to the fact that power is delivered only during one half cycle of the input alternating voltage.
3. Transformer utilization factor is low.
4. DC saturation of transformer core resulting in magnetizing current and hysteresis losses and generation of harmonics.
The DC output available from a half-wave rectifier is not satisfactory to make a general power supply. However it can be used for some applications like battery charging.
JJD - Adventure [NCS Release]
this music is provided by NCS, the link to the track is
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f2xGx...
Download Files From Link:-
http://www.mediafire.com/file/t5lv7ms3lwzlpf6/half_wave_rectifier.zip
TISHITU
ISO: 9001-2008
RESEARCH AND CONSULTANCY CELL OF INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION
A Joint Accreditation System of Australia and New Zealand
Copyright © All Rights Reserved www.tishitu.org Reg No.08122629691/SSI
Accreditation No. M3111204IN
-~-~~-~~~-~~-~-
Please watch: Lifi Communication by Arduino UNO Download Project
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c4gC8dbaiZg
-~-~~-~~~-~~-~- Half Wave Rectifier](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/R-A9EFjzEAg/mqdefault.jpg)
![Led Blinking 8051 Microcontroller
Tishitu explains
A typical stack, storing local data and call information for nested procedure calls (not necessarily nested procedures!). This stack grows downward from its origin. The stack pointer points to the current topmost datum on the stack. A push operation decrements the pointer and copies the data to the stack; a pop operation copies data from the stack and then increments the pointer. Each procedure called in the program stores procedure return information (in yellow) and local data (in other colors) by pushing them onto the stack. This type of stack implementation is extremely common, but it is vulnerable to buffer overflow attacks (see the text).
A typical stack is an area of computer memory with a fixed origin and a variable size. Initially the size of the stack is zero. A stack pointer, usually in the form of a hardware register, points to the most recently referenced location on the stack; when the stack has a size of zero, the stack pointer points to the origin of the stack.
The two operations applicable to all stacks are:
a push operation, in which a data item is placed at the location pointed to by the stack pointer, and the address in the stack pointer is adjusted by the size of the data item;
a pop or pull operation: a data item at the current location pointed to by the stack pointer is removed, and the stack pointer is adjusted by the size of the data item.
In computer science, a stack is a last in, first out (LIFO) abstract data type and linear data structure. A stack can have any abstract data type as an element, but is characterized by only three fundamental operations: push, pop and stack top. The push operation adds a new item to the top of the stack, or initializes the stack if it is empty. If the stack is full and does not contain enough space to accept the given item, the stack is then considered to be in an overflow state. The pop operation removes an item from the top of the stack. A pop either reveals previously concealed items, or results in an empty stack, but if the stack is empty then it goes into underflow state (It means no items are present in stack to be removed). The stack top operation gets the data from the top-most position and returns it to the user without deleting it. The same underflow state can also occur in stack top operation if stack is empty.
A stack is a restricted data structure, because only a small number of operations are performed on it. The nature of the pop and push operations also means that stack elements have a natural order. Elements are removed from the stack in the reverse order to the order of their addition: therefore, the lower elements are those that have been on the stack the longest
Microcontroller have a hardware call stack, which is used to save return addresses. The hardware stack is not software accessible on earlier devices, but this changed with the 18 series devices
Initiate
In modern computer languages, the stack is usually implemented with more operations than just push,pop and Stack Top. Some implementations have a function which returns the current number of items on the stack. Alternatively, some implementations have a function that just returns if the stack is empty. Another typical helper operation stack top[4] (also known as peek) can return the current top element of the stack without removing it.
Implementation
In most high level languages, a stack can be easily implemented either through an array or a linked list. What identifies the data structure as a stack in either case is not the implementation but the interface: the user is only allowed to pop or push items onto the array or linked list, with few other helper operations. The following will demonstrate both implementations, using C.
The array implementation aims to create an array where the first element (usually at the zero-offset) is the bottom. That is, array[0] is the first element pushed onto the stack and the last element popped off. The program must keep track of the size, or the length of the stack. The stack itself can therefore be effectively implemented as a two-element structure in C:
.
Hardware support for a general purpose parameter stack was lacking in early series, but this greatly improved in the 18 series, making the 18 series architecture more friendly to high level language compilers.
TISHITU
RESEARCH AND CONSULTANCY CELL OF INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION
ISO 9001: 2015 Certification No:- 161115605 Scotland Accreditation Forum
Copyright © All Rights Reserved www.tishitu.net email tishitu@gmail.com
SSI REG. NO. 081452124498/SSI
-~-~~-~~~-~~-~-
Please watch: Lifi Communication by Arduino UNO Download Project
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c4gC8dbaiZg
-~-~~-~~~-~~-~- Led Blinking 8051 Microcontroller](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/R2ZPPUjOO0M/mqdefault.jpg)

![TISHITU #1 Tutorial Visual Basic 6.0 Introduction
Tishitu explains
isual Basic is a third-generation event-driven programming language and integrated development environment (IDE) from Microsoft for its COM programming model first released in 1991. Visual Basic is designed to be relatively easy to learn and use. Visual Basic was derived from BASIC and enables the rapid application development (RAD) of graphical user interface (GUI) applications, access to databases using Data Access Objects, Remote Data Objects, or ActiveX Data Objects, and creation of ActiveX controls and objects. VBA is effectively the same language as Visual Basic but VBA-code is tied to Microsoft Office and can only run within that environment.[citation needed] The scripting language VBScript is a subset of Visual Basic.[citation needed]
A programmer can create an application using the components provided by the Visual Basic program itself. Programs written in Visual Basic can also use the Windows API, but doing so requires external function declarations. Though the program has received criticism for its perceived faults, version 3 of Visual Basic was a runaway commercial success, and many companies offered third party controls greatly extending its functionality.
The final release was version 6 in 1998. Microsofts extended support ended in March 2008 and the designated successor was Visual Basic .NET (now known simply as Visual Basic).
TISHITU
ISO: 9001-2008
RESEARCH AND CONSULTANCY CELL OF INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION
A Joint Accreditation System of Australia and New Zealand
Copyright © All Rights Reserved www.tishitu.org Reg No.08122629691/SSI
Accreditation No. M3111204IN
-~-~~-~~~-~~-~-
Please watch: Lifi Communication by Arduino UNO Download Project
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c4gC8dbaiZg
-~-~~-~~~-~~-~- TISHITU #1 Tutorial Visual Basic 6.0 Introduction](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/SXjvby1qHr0/mqdefault.jpg)

![Controller Area Network (CAN) Part-3
What is CAN?
Controller Area Network (CAN) is a serial network that was originally designed for the automotive industry, but has also become a popular bus in industrial automation as well as other applications. The CAN bus is primarily used in embedded systems, and as its name implies, is the network established among microcontrollers. It is a two-wire, half duplex, high-speed network system and is well suited for high speed applications using short messages. Its robustness, reliability and the large following from the semiconductor industry are some of the benefits with CAN.
FullCAN
FullCAN is used in more expensive, high performance CAN controllers and microcontrollers. The FullCAN controller has a set of buffers called mailboxes. On initialization, each mailbox is assigned an identifier and is set to transmit or receive.
When the CAN controller receives a message it checks the mailboxes in order to see is there is a receive mailbox with the same identifier as the message. If such a mailbox is found, the message is stored in it and the host controller is notified. Otherwise the message is discarded.
When transmitting a message the message length and data is written to the transmit mailbox with the correct identifier.
If a remote message is received the controller checks the remote identifier against the transmit mailboxes. If a match is found, the controller automatically sends a message with the identifier and data contained in that mailbox. This means that the microcontroller gets a lower load, and that the software does not have to handle remote messages. However, if the mailbox has not been updated in a long time, the information sent to the network will be old. This have to be considered when writing the software.
With a FullCAN controller it is possible to filter out only the exact message types that are interesting. This type of controller will therefore give a lower load on the host microcontroller. However, the number of mailboxes are limited. The largest number of mailboxes present in a CAN controller today is ???.
With some controllers it is possible to reconfigure the mailboxes dynamically. However, that does not completely solve the problem. Therefore some controllers are mixed CAN controllers, that is they have mailboxes, but also BasicCAN buffers.
FullCAN controllers have support for automatically answering remote frames. This will decrease the load on the host microcontroller or processor, but may also mean that old information is sent. It is very important to take this into consideration when writing your application.
CAN can theoretically link up to 2032 devices (assuming one node with one identifier) on a single network. However, due to the practical limitation of the hardware (transceivers), it can only link up to110 nodes (with 82C250, Philips) on a single network. It offers high-speed communication rate up to 1 Mbits/sec thus allows real-time control. In addition, the error confinement and the error detection feature make it more reliable in noise critical environment.
LInk :- http://hem.bredband.net/stafni/developer/CAN.htm
CAN bus (for controller area network) is a vehicle bus standard designed to allow microcontrollers and devices to communicate with each other within a vehicle without a host computer.
CAN bus is a message-based protocol, designed specifically for automotive applications but now also used in other areas such as industrial automation and medical equipment.
Development of CAN bus started originally in 1983 at Robert Bosch GmbH.[1] The protocol was officially released in 1986 at the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) congress in Detroit, Michigan. The first CAN controller chips, produced by Intel and Philips, came on the market in 1987. Bosch published the CAN 2.0 specification in 1991.
CAN bus is one of five protocols used in the OBD-II vehicle diagnostics standard. The OBD-II standard has been mandatory for all cars and light trucks sold in the United States since 1996, and the EOBD standard has been mandatory for all petrol vehicles sold in the European Union since 2001 and all diesel vehicles since 2004.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus
-~-~~-~~~-~~-~-
Please watch: Lifi Communication by Arduino UNO Download Project
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c4gC8dbaiZg
-~-~~-~~~-~~-~- Controller Area Network (CAN) Part-3](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/TEPfB-2IvyA/mqdefault.jpg)

