Uploaded October 2025 | Updated September 2026, 2 weeks ago
In this video, I examine "the mud problem" - a fatal challenge to young-earth flood geology that's been hiding in plain sight. Thanks to YouTuber Gutsick Gibbon for popularizing this devastating physics constraint, and to geoscientists Scott Dunn for publishing a quantitative analysis in a creationist journal that demonstrates why flood geology simply cannot work.
The physics is straightforward: you can deposit mud quickly, but you absolutely cannot make mud consolidate into rock quickly. The consolidation process requires water to slowly drain through tiny pore spaces as sediment grains compact together. This process is governed by well-established engineering equations that have been used since the 1920s. When you apply these equations to the thick mudstone formations we find throughout the geological column, the math is devastating for young-earth creationism.
I take you through the basic physics, show you real-world examples from places like Factory Butte, Death Valley, and Wyoming's Bighorn Basin, and explain why features like dinosaur trackways, layered lake sediments, and 500+ foot thick mudstone layers require millions of years - not months or centuries - to form. The consolidation timeline simply isn't optional; it's recorded in the rocks we observe.
What makes this particularly remarkable is that this challenge was published in the Creation Research Society Quarterly, a young-earth creationist journal. Scott Dunn's paper presents a clear, quantitative challenge to flood geologists: show us the math that makes your model work, or admit you need millions of years. So far, the response has been mostly silence or appeals to unknown "supernatural mechanisms."
Chapters:
0:00 - Introduction: The Mud Problem
2:30 - Understanding Consolidation Physics
4:14 - Terzaghi's Consolidation Theory Explained
8:01 - Realistic Values for Marine Clays
10:00 - Scott Dunn's Challenge to Flood Geology
15:00 - The Deposition Rate Wall
23:00 - Field Evidence: Thin Layers and Varves
28:00 - The Dinosaur Footprint Problem
34:00 - Common Creationist Objections Addressed
37:00 - Publication in a Creationist Journal
45:30 - Real-World Examples from the Field
This is observational science at its finest. The rocks don't lie, and the physics doesn't bend for ideology. If you want to maintain a scientifically viable flood geology model, you have to address the consolidation problem with real math and real mechanisms - not hand-waving or appeals to miracles.
Much of this video owes to Gutsick Gibbon's video: The Mud Problem Precludes Young Earth Creationism youtu.be/uQcQSqH13xU?si=d8TISXQMQSlWFmmM
Scott Dunn's paper "The Clay Consolidation Problem and its Implications for Flood Geology Models. crsq.creationresearch.org/id/eprint/1319/1/The%20Clay%20Consolidation%20Problem%20and%20its%20Implications%20for%20Flood%20Geology%20Models.pdf
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Joel Duff (aka Dr. Duff or The Natural Historian) resources:
About: joelduff.org
Blog: thenaturalhistorian.com
Twitter: twitter.com/NaturalHistoria
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/thenaturalhi...
Photography "Portraits of Creation:" beechnutphotography.com
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In this video, I examine "the mud problem" - a fatal challenge to young-earth flood geology that's been hiding in plain sight. Thanks to YouTuber Gutsick Gibbon for popularizing this devastating physics constraint, and to geoscientists Scott Dunn for publishing a quantitative analysis in a creationist journal that demonstrates why flood geology simply cannot work.
The physics is straightforward: you can deposit mud quickly, but you absolutely cannot make mud consolidate into rock quickly. The consolidation process requires water to slowly drain through tiny pore spaces as sediment grains compact together. This process is governed by well-established engineering equations that have been used since the 1920s. When you apply these equations to the thick mudstone formations we find throughout the geological column, the math is devastating for young-earth creationism.
I take you through the basic physics, show you real-world examples from places like Factory Butte, Death Valley, and Wyoming's Bighorn Basin, and explain why features like dinosaur trackways, layered lake sediments, and 500+ foot thick mudstone layers require millions of years - not months or centuries - to form. The consolidation timeline simply isn't optional; it's recorded in the rocks we observe.
What makes this particularly remarkable is that this challenge was published in the Creation Research Society Quarterly, a young-earth creationist journal. Scott Dunn's paper presents a clear, quantitative challenge to flood geologists: show us the math that makes your model work, or admit you need millions of years. So far, the response has been mostly silence or appeals to unknown "supernatural mechanisms."
Chapters:
0:00 - Introduction: The Mud Problem
2:30 - Understanding Consolidation Physics
4:14 - Terzaghi's Consolidation Theory Explained
8:01 - Realistic Values for Marine Clays
10:00 - Scott Dunn's Challenge to Flood Geology
15:00 - The Deposition Rate Wall
23:00 - Field Evidence: Thin Layers and Varves
28:00 - The Dinosaur Footprint Problem
34:00 - Common Creationist Objections Addressed
37:00 - Publication in a Creationist Journal
45:30 - Real-World Examples from the Field
This is observational science at its finest. The rocks don't lie, and the physics doesn't bend for ideology. If you want to maintain a scientifically viable flood geology model, you have to address the consolidation problem with real math and real mechanisms - not hand-waving or appeals to miracles.
Much of this video owes to Gutsick Gibbon's video: The Mud Problem Precludes Young Earth Creationism youtu.be/uQcQSqH13xU?si=d8TISXQMQSlWFmmM
Scott Dunn's paper "The Clay Consolidation Problem and its Implications for Flood Geology Models. crsq.creationresearch.org/id/eprint/1319/1/The%20Clay%20Consolidation%20Problem%20and%20its%20Implications%20for%20Flood%20Geology%20Models.pdf
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Joel Duff (aka Dr. Duff or The Natural Historian) resources:
About: joelduff.org
Blog: thenaturalhistorian.com
Twitter: twitter.com/NaturalHistoria
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/thenaturalhi...
Photography "Portraits of Creation:" beechnutphotography.com
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![Answers in Genesis vs. Everyone Else: Why Ken Ham Always Wins
When people think of Answers in Genesis (AiG), they often picture Ken Ham, the Creation Museum, or the Ark Encounter. But here’s the question I tackle in this video: just how massive is this organization, financially and structurally? Spoiler alert—it’s not just a ministry; it’s a multi-million-dollar empire that dwarfs every other young-earth creationist group.
I found AiG’s 2022 IRS Form 990 and reveal numbers that might surprise you. We’re talking $77 million in gross receipts, nearly $70 million in total revenue, and a $20 million annual surplus—all while reporting over $121 million in net assets. And remember, this doesn’t even include the Ark Encounter, which operates under a separate nonprofit shell (Crosswater Canyon) but still funnels millions back into AiG. When you add that in, AiG’s reach pushes well over $100 million in yearly revenues and over $200 million in assets in 2022. Combine that with other associated side companies and additions since 2022 it likely has some 300 million in assets today.
I also point out where the money comes from (donations, ticket sales, merchandise, and even management fees from the Ark Encounter) and where it goes—like the $25+ million payroll and Ken Ham’s salary, which, while hefty, is relatively modest compared to CEOs of similar-sized organizations. But it’s not just about salaries—AiG is a family affair, with Ham’s children and in-laws also drawing income.
Finally, I compare AiG’s numbers to Creation Ministries International (CMI) and the Institute for Creation Research (ICR). The contrast is staggering: AiG’s financial muscle means they dominate the YEC landscape. That’s why when Ken Ham speaks, his voice isn’t just loud—it’s amplified by hundreds of millions of dollars’ worth of infrastructure.
If you’ve ever wondered why AiG sets the tone for the entire young-earth movement, the answer is simple: money buys influence.
Chapters
[00:00] How Big Is Answers in Genesis?
[01:04] Peeking into the 2022 Form 990
[02:07] Breaking Down Revenue Streams
[03:10] Expenses, Surpluses, and Net Assets
[05:39] The Ark Encounter’s Separate Books
[07:30] Ken Ham’s Paycheck & Family Connections
[21:10] Comparing AiG, CMI, and ICR
[24:27] Why AiG Dominates the YEC World
Joel Duff (aka Dr. Duff or The Natural Historian) resources:
About: https://joelduff.org
Blog: https://thenaturalhistorian.com
Twitter: https://twitter.com/NaturalHistoria
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/thenaturalhi...
Photography Portraits of Creation: https://www.beechnutphotography.com/ Answers in Genesis vs. Everyone Else: Why Ken Ham Always Wins](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/oTBfUOPQ4iw/mqdefault.jpg)





