Patrick Kelly | Streptomycin: The Controversy over the First Tuberculosis Antibiotic (Schatz vs Waksman) @PatKellyTeaches | Uploaded November 2023 | Updated October 2024, 50 minutes ago.
Streptomycin was the first effective antibiotic against tuberculosis. But it’s discovery was controversial. The credit was awarded mostly to Selman Waksman, but his graduate student, Albert Schatz, had a legitimate claim to the title. In this video, you’ll learn why penicillin doesn’t work on tuberculosis, the discovery story of streptomycin, the pharmacology of aminoglycoside antibiotics, and why there’s so much controvery over the Nobel Prize of 1952.
☠️NONE OF THE INFORMATION IN THIS VIDEO SHOULD BE USED AS MEDICAL ADVICE OR OPINION. IT IS FOR GENERAL EDUCATION AND ENTERTAINMENT☠️
🔗 L I N K S 🔗
📱Instagram: instagram.com/patkellyteaches
🐦Twitter: twitter.com/PatKellyTeaches
💰Patreon: patreon.com/corporis
🔬Main channel: youtube.com/corporis
📚My favorite books docs.google.com/document/d/1wuG-8EiF2lMbFdEG-9k1qi1d1KZAdGK1o41o7SYed_k/edit?usp=sharing
🔑 P A T R O N S 🔑
Joanne K
Sal F.
Ansel K
Anton
Brandon K
Pranav M
Paul
Brendan P
Dane M
Kristoffer R
Jakub V
Joe B
Karly N
Mindi F
Drake W
Kathy K
Mike W
Hyeon-Seo
Jacob S.
Robin B
Robb W
Sarah B
Carl
Dontae W
Karen S
Michael R
Brian H
Jonathan G
Brian T
Waffles the Dog
Thelma S
Silverstar
Brian B
Michael G
Zoe C
📜 S O U R C E S 📜
Miracle Cure, the Creation of Antibiotics amazon.com/Miracle-Cure-Creation-Antibiotics-Medicine/dp/0525428100?&_encoding=UTF8&tag=corporis-20&linkCode=ur2&linkId=536c2608b02b02e77356edd136b4d016&camp=1789&creative=9325
Tuberculosis (2023) ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK441916
Immune evasion and provocation by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (2022) nature.com/articles/s41579-022-00763-4
Tuberculosis in Adults and Children (2015) ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK344406
The mycobacterial cell wall (2015) ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4526729
Interplay of human macrophages and mycobacterium tuberculosis researchgate.net/publication/310467183_Interplay_of_human_macrophages_and_Mycobacterium_tuberculosis_phenotypes
Antibiotic antagonist: the curious career of René Dubos (2016) ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7137170
Dubos and Avery enzyme (1931) ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2132046/pdf/51.pdf
Dubos antibiotic 1 (1939) rupress.org/jem/article-pdf/70/1/1/1140819/1.pdf
Dubos antibiotic 2 (1939) rupress.org/jem/article-pdf/70/1/11/1140799/11.pdf
Dubos antibiotic 3 (1939) rupress.org/jem/article-pdf/70/3/249/1181678/249.pdf
Dubos 1941 rupress.org/jem/article-pdf/73/5/629/1182170/629.pdf
Gramicidin pharmacology ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4306519
Russian Gramicidin link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12064-018-0262-9.pdf
Waksman and Woodruff, antinomyces antibioticus (1941) ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC374755/pdf/jbacter00732-0074.pdf
Chemical nature of actinomycin (1941) pdf.sciencedirectassets.com/778417/1-s2.0-S0021925818X4054X/1-s2.0-S002192581845051X/main.pdf
Streptothricin paper (1942) journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.3181/00379727-49-13515
Fumigacin and Clavacin (1942) journals.asm.org/doi/pdf/10.1128/jb.45.3.233-248.1943
Antibioic roundup! (1942) journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/jb.44.3.373-384.1942
The renaming of actinomycetes to streptomycetes ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC373826/pdf/jbacter00710-0022.pdf
Streptomycin original paper (1944) journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.3181/00379727-55-14461
Mayo Clinic human TB paper (1945) cabdirect.org/cabdirect/abstract/19462700530
Streptomycin patent patentimages.storage.googleapis.com/ba/26/7c/93a3207b6374ea/US2449866.pdf
Waksman Nobel speech (1952) nobelprize.org/uploads/2018/06/waksman-lecture.pdf
Streptomycin: Discovery and Resultant Controversy (1991) jstor.org/stable/23330620
Streptomycin, Schatz v. Waksman, and the Balance of Credit for Discovery (2004) jstor.org/stable/24632177
Streptomycin ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK555886
Aminoglycosides ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4888811
Aminoglycoside Revival: Review of a Historically Important Class of Antimicrobials Undergoing Rejuvenation journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/ecosalplus.esp-0002-2018
Double blinding, explained ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK546641
Lehmann and PAS ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2529705/pdf/postmedj00622-0021.pdf
🖼 Image attributions exceeded YouTube’s character limit! Please find attributions on the annotated script here: patreon.com/posts/streptomycin-93092791
0:00 Intro
0:38 Part 1: The Problem with Penicillin
5:36 Part 2: Patents and Promises
15:28 Part 3: Schatz hits the Fan
20:31 Coda: Impact of Streptomycin
Streptomycin was the first effective antibiotic against tuberculosis. But it’s discovery was controversial. The credit was awarded mostly to Selman Waksman, but his graduate student, Albert Schatz, had a legitimate claim to the title. In this video, you’ll learn why penicillin doesn’t work on tuberculosis, the discovery story of streptomycin, the pharmacology of aminoglycoside antibiotics, and why there’s so much controvery over the Nobel Prize of 1952.
☠️NONE OF THE INFORMATION IN THIS VIDEO SHOULD BE USED AS MEDICAL ADVICE OR OPINION. IT IS FOR GENERAL EDUCATION AND ENTERTAINMENT☠️
🔗 L I N K S 🔗
📱Instagram: instagram.com/patkellyteaches
🐦Twitter: twitter.com/PatKellyTeaches
💰Patreon: patreon.com/corporis
🔬Main channel: youtube.com/corporis
📚My favorite books docs.google.com/document/d/1wuG-8EiF2lMbFdEG-9k1qi1d1KZAdGK1o41o7SYed_k/edit?usp=sharing
🔑 P A T R O N S 🔑
Joanne K
Sal F.
Ansel K
Anton
Brandon K
Pranav M
Paul
Brendan P
Dane M
Kristoffer R
Jakub V
Joe B
Karly N
Mindi F
Drake W
Kathy K
Mike W
Hyeon-Seo
Jacob S.
Robin B
Robb W
Sarah B
Carl
Dontae W
Karen S
Michael R
Brian H
Jonathan G
Brian T
Waffles the Dog
Thelma S
Silverstar
Brian B
Michael G
Zoe C
📜 S O U R C E S 📜
Miracle Cure, the Creation of Antibiotics amazon.com/Miracle-Cure-Creation-Antibiotics-Medicine/dp/0525428100?&_encoding=UTF8&tag=corporis-20&linkCode=ur2&linkId=536c2608b02b02e77356edd136b4d016&camp=1789&creative=9325
Tuberculosis (2023) ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK441916
Immune evasion and provocation by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (2022) nature.com/articles/s41579-022-00763-4
Tuberculosis in Adults and Children (2015) ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK344406
The mycobacterial cell wall (2015) ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4526729
Interplay of human macrophages and mycobacterium tuberculosis researchgate.net/publication/310467183_Interplay_of_human_macrophages_and_Mycobacterium_tuberculosis_phenotypes
Antibiotic antagonist: the curious career of René Dubos (2016) ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7137170
Dubos and Avery enzyme (1931) ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2132046/pdf/51.pdf
Dubos antibiotic 1 (1939) rupress.org/jem/article-pdf/70/1/1/1140819/1.pdf
Dubos antibiotic 2 (1939) rupress.org/jem/article-pdf/70/1/11/1140799/11.pdf
Dubos antibiotic 3 (1939) rupress.org/jem/article-pdf/70/3/249/1181678/249.pdf
Dubos 1941 rupress.org/jem/article-pdf/73/5/629/1182170/629.pdf
Gramicidin pharmacology ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4306519
Russian Gramicidin link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12064-018-0262-9.pdf
Waksman and Woodruff, antinomyces antibioticus (1941) ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC374755/pdf/jbacter00732-0074.pdf
Chemical nature of actinomycin (1941) pdf.sciencedirectassets.com/778417/1-s2.0-S0021925818X4054X/1-s2.0-S002192581845051X/main.pdf
Streptothricin paper (1942) journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.3181/00379727-49-13515
Fumigacin and Clavacin (1942) journals.asm.org/doi/pdf/10.1128/jb.45.3.233-248.1943
Antibioic roundup! (1942) journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/jb.44.3.373-384.1942
The renaming of actinomycetes to streptomycetes ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC373826/pdf/jbacter00710-0022.pdf
Streptomycin original paper (1944) journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.3181/00379727-55-14461
Mayo Clinic human TB paper (1945) cabdirect.org/cabdirect/abstract/19462700530
Streptomycin patent patentimages.storage.googleapis.com/ba/26/7c/93a3207b6374ea/US2449866.pdf
Waksman Nobel speech (1952) nobelprize.org/uploads/2018/06/waksman-lecture.pdf
Streptomycin: Discovery and Resultant Controversy (1991) jstor.org/stable/23330620
Streptomycin, Schatz v. Waksman, and the Balance of Credit for Discovery (2004) jstor.org/stable/24632177
Streptomycin ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK555886
Aminoglycosides ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4888811
Aminoglycoside Revival: Review of a Historically Important Class of Antimicrobials Undergoing Rejuvenation journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/ecosalplus.esp-0002-2018
Double blinding, explained ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK546641
Lehmann and PAS ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2529705/pdf/postmedj00622-0021.pdf
🖼 Image attributions exceeded YouTube’s character limit! Please find attributions on the annotated script here: patreon.com/posts/streptomycin-93092791
0:00 Intro
0:38 Part 1: The Problem with Penicillin
5:36 Part 2: Patents and Promises
15:28 Part 3: Schatz hits the Fan
20:31 Coda: Impact of Streptomycin
