Uploaded October 2017 | Updated September 2026, 1 week ago
Ilustrasi Sejarah Papua di Nusantara
+- 700 M -
Papua dan pulau-pulau di sekitarnya menjadi bagian dari jaringan perdagangan zaman kerajaan Sriwijaya dengan komoditas utama burung dan bulu cendrawasih dan Kayu Cendana [2][1]
Raja Sriwijaya, Sri Indrawarman (702–728 M) menghadiakan burung Cendrawasih/burung Jenggi/FengHuang(鳳凰) kepada Kaisar Dinasti Tang di China. [1]
+- 800 M
Pedagang arab, india dan China mulai berdatangan dari maluku dalam rute perdagangan ke China. [4]
Mereka menyebut papua 'wakwak di Timur' (fakfak) dekat dengan negeri 'zabag' (sriwijaya).[4][5][11]
Selain bulu cendrawasih, pedagang asia juga membeli emas kualitas terbaik dari orang wakwak di timur (fakfak).[4]
1138 M -
Pulau Papua (diberi nama 'gezira zangi'/Jazirah Zanji) muncul dalam peta dunia 'Tabula Rogeriana' .[6][7][9]
Papua disebut 'Zanji' karena oleh pedagang arab karena mirip dengan penduduk Afrika Timur (Zanzibar)[8]
1365 M - Kitab Majapahit, Negarakertagama, menyebutkan Wanin (Onin/fakfak) di Papua menjadi bagian dari jaringan Majapahit. [12]
1545 M - Yñigo Ortiz de Retez dari Spanyol menamai Papua 'Nueva Guinea'(New Guinea) karena mirip dengan penduduk Guinea, Afrika.[13]
1570 M - Daerah Raja Ampat, Fakfak dan Pesisir Papua ikut dalam persekutuan 9 bersaudara (Uli Siwa) pimpinan Tidore.[14]
1660 M - VOC Belanda mengakui kedaulatan Tidore atas Papua[15]
1783 M - Rakyat Papua di Raja Ampat berhasil membajak kapal VOC 'Tempel' pimpinan Coenraad Van Dijk di Pulau Batanta [16]
1796 M - Bersama Kaicil Nuku dari kerajaan Tidore, kerajaan di Papua Barat mengadakan perlawanan terhadap VOC dan sukses mengusir VOC dari Papua dan Maluku.[16]
1810 M - Belanda (dibawah Perancis) kalah perang dengan Inggris di Maluku dan Papua, sumatra hingga papua dijajah inggris.[17][18]
1817 M - Setelah perjanjian Paris tahun 1814, Inggris menyerahkan Nusantara ke Belanda.[17]
1828 M - Belanda mendirikan benteng pertamanya di tanah Papua, Fort Du Bus. [19]
1833 M - Bajak Laut Papua menggangu perdagangan Kolonial Belanda di Kepualaun Maluku dan Laut Arafuru.[20]
1836 M - Belanda meninggalkan Fort du Bus akibat serangan warga dan wabah Malaria.[19]
1848 M - Kolonial Belanda melakukan klaim atas papua bagian barat sebagai bagian dari wilayahnya yang diambil dari raja Tidore.[18]
1895 M - Belanda mulai menancapkan pengaruhnya di Papua [21]
1910 M - Untuk mengawasi Jerman di Papua Nugini, Belanda bergerak ke timur dan mendirikan kota Hollandia (skrg Jayapura) di Numbai, Kayupulo.
Sumber :
[1] Pamela Swadling (1996). Plumes of Paradise: Trade Cycles in Outer Southeast Asia and Their Impact on New Guinea and Nearby Islands Until 1920.Papua New Guinea National Museum.
[2] Kathleen D. Morrison, Laura L. Junker (2002) Forager-Traders in South and Southeast Asia: Long-Term Histories. Cambridge University Press.
[3] Bilveer Singh (2017) Papua: Geopolitics and the Quest for Nationhood.Routledge.
[4] M. Th Houtsma,Russel Arnold,Gibb Camilla (1993).First Encyclopaedia of Islam: 1913-1936.E.J.BRILL.
[5] Meri,Josef W.; Bacharach, Jere (2005). Medieval Islamic Civilization: An Encyclopedia. Routledge.
[6] Scott, Samuel Parsons (1904).History of the Moorish Empire in Europe.Lippincott,Philadelphia.
[7] id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabula_Rogeriana / en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabula_Rogeriana
[8] M. Elfasi, Ivan Hrbek (1988).Africa from the Seventh to the Eleventh Century.UNESCO.
[9] Houben, Hubert (2002). Roger II of Sicily: A Ruler Between East and West. Cambridge University Press.
[10] Raymond Mauny (1965) The Wakwak and the Indonesian Invasion in East Africa in 945 A.D.Centro de Estudos Historicos Ultramarinos.
[11] Friedrich Hirth (2017).China and the Roman Orient: Researches Into Their Ancient and Medieval Relations as Represented in Old Chinese Records (Classic Reprint-1911).Fb&c Limited,
[12] I Ketut Riana (2009).Kakawin dēśa warṇnana, uthawi, Nāgara kṛtāgama: masa keemasan Majapahit.Penerbit Buku Kompas.
[13] David Armitage(2014).Pacific Histories: Ocean, Land, People.Palgrave Macmillan.
[14] Johan Gerard Friedrich Riedel(1886).De sluik- en kroesharige rassen tusschen Selebes en Papua.M. Nijhoff.
[15] David Pickell (2013).Indonesian New Guinea Adventure Guide: West Papua/Irian Jaya.Tuttle Publishing.
[16] Muridan S.W (2009).The Revolt of Prince Nuku: Cross-Cultural Alliance-making in Maluku, C.1780-1810.BRILL.
[17] William G. Martin (2015).Making Waves: Worldwide Social Movements, 1750-2005.Routledge.
[18] Charles Arnold-Baker(2015).The Companion to British History Front Cover Charles Arnold-Baker.Routledge.
[19] Keat Gin Ooi(2004).Southeast Asia: A Historical Encyclopedia, from Angkor Wat to East Timor.ABC-CLIO.
[20] The Journal of the Indian Archipelago and Eastern Asia, Volume 4.Kraus Reprint, 1850.
[21] Robert Cribb (2013).Historical Atlas of Indonesia.Routledge.
[22] Herman Renwarin (1984).Sejarah sosial daerah Irian Jaya.Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan.
Ilustrasi Sejarah Papua di Nusantara
+- 700 M -
Papua dan pulau-pulau di sekitarnya menjadi bagian dari jaringan perdagangan zaman kerajaan Sriwijaya dengan komoditas utama burung dan bulu cendrawasih dan Kayu Cendana [2][1]
Raja Sriwijaya, Sri Indrawarman (702–728 M) menghadiakan burung Cendrawasih/burung Jenggi/FengHuang(鳳凰) kepada Kaisar Dinasti Tang di China. [1]
+- 800 M
Pedagang arab, india dan China mulai berdatangan dari maluku dalam rute perdagangan ke China. [4]
Mereka menyebut papua 'wakwak di Timur' (fakfak) dekat dengan negeri 'zabag' (sriwijaya).[4][5][11]
Selain bulu cendrawasih, pedagang asia juga membeli emas kualitas terbaik dari orang wakwak di timur (fakfak).[4]
1138 M -
Pulau Papua (diberi nama 'gezira zangi'/Jazirah Zanji) muncul dalam peta dunia 'Tabula Rogeriana' .[6][7][9]
Papua disebut 'Zanji' karena oleh pedagang arab karena mirip dengan penduduk Afrika Timur (Zanzibar)[8]
1365 M - Kitab Majapahit, Negarakertagama, menyebutkan Wanin (Onin/fakfak) di Papua menjadi bagian dari jaringan Majapahit. [12]
1545 M - Yñigo Ortiz de Retez dari Spanyol menamai Papua 'Nueva Guinea'(New Guinea) karena mirip dengan penduduk Guinea, Afrika.[13]
1570 M - Daerah Raja Ampat, Fakfak dan Pesisir Papua ikut dalam persekutuan 9 bersaudara (Uli Siwa) pimpinan Tidore.[14]
1660 M - VOC Belanda mengakui kedaulatan Tidore atas Papua[15]
1783 M - Rakyat Papua di Raja Ampat berhasil membajak kapal VOC 'Tempel' pimpinan Coenraad Van Dijk di Pulau Batanta [16]
1796 M - Bersama Kaicil Nuku dari kerajaan Tidore, kerajaan di Papua Barat mengadakan perlawanan terhadap VOC dan sukses mengusir VOC dari Papua dan Maluku.[16]
1810 M - Belanda (dibawah Perancis) kalah perang dengan Inggris di Maluku dan Papua, sumatra hingga papua dijajah inggris.[17][18]
1817 M - Setelah perjanjian Paris tahun 1814, Inggris menyerahkan Nusantara ke Belanda.[17]
1828 M - Belanda mendirikan benteng pertamanya di tanah Papua, Fort Du Bus. [19]
1833 M - Bajak Laut Papua menggangu perdagangan Kolonial Belanda di Kepualaun Maluku dan Laut Arafuru.[20]
1836 M - Belanda meninggalkan Fort du Bus akibat serangan warga dan wabah Malaria.[19]
1848 M - Kolonial Belanda melakukan klaim atas papua bagian barat sebagai bagian dari wilayahnya yang diambil dari raja Tidore.[18]
1895 M - Belanda mulai menancapkan pengaruhnya di Papua [21]
1910 M - Untuk mengawasi Jerman di Papua Nugini, Belanda bergerak ke timur dan mendirikan kota Hollandia (skrg Jayapura) di Numbai, Kayupulo.
Sumber :
[1] Pamela Swadling (1996). Plumes of Paradise: Trade Cycles in Outer Southeast Asia and Their Impact on New Guinea and Nearby Islands Until 1920.Papua New Guinea National Museum.
[2] Kathleen D. Morrison, Laura L. Junker (2002) Forager-Traders in South and Southeast Asia: Long-Term Histories. Cambridge University Press.
[3] Bilveer Singh (2017) Papua: Geopolitics and the Quest for Nationhood.Routledge.
[4] M. Th Houtsma,Russel Arnold,Gibb Camilla (1993).First Encyclopaedia of Islam: 1913-1936.E.J.BRILL.
[5] Meri,Josef W.; Bacharach, Jere (2005). Medieval Islamic Civilization: An Encyclopedia. Routledge.
[6] Scott, Samuel Parsons (1904).History of the Moorish Empire in Europe.Lippincott,Philadelphia.
[7] id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabula_Rogeriana / en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabula_Rogeriana
[8] M. Elfasi, Ivan Hrbek (1988).Africa from the Seventh to the Eleventh Century.UNESCO.
[9] Houben, Hubert (2002). Roger II of Sicily: A Ruler Between East and West. Cambridge University Press.
[10] Raymond Mauny (1965) The Wakwak and the Indonesian Invasion in East Africa in 945 A.D.Centro de Estudos Historicos Ultramarinos.
[11] Friedrich Hirth (2017).China and the Roman Orient: Researches Into Their Ancient and Medieval Relations as Represented in Old Chinese Records (Classic Reprint-1911).Fb&c Limited,
[12] I Ketut Riana (2009).Kakawin dēśa warṇnana, uthawi, Nāgara kṛtāgama: masa keemasan Majapahit.Penerbit Buku Kompas.
[13] David Armitage(2014).Pacific Histories: Ocean, Land, People.Palgrave Macmillan.
[14] Johan Gerard Friedrich Riedel(1886).De sluik- en kroesharige rassen tusschen Selebes en Papua.M. Nijhoff.
[15] David Pickell (2013).Indonesian New Guinea Adventure Guide: West Papua/Irian Jaya.Tuttle Publishing.
[16] Muridan S.W (2009).The Revolt of Prince Nuku: Cross-Cultural Alliance-making in Maluku, C.1780-1810.BRILL.
[17] William G. Martin (2015).Making Waves: Worldwide Social Movements, 1750-2005.Routledge.
[18] Charles Arnold-Baker(2015).The Companion to British History Front Cover Charles Arnold-Baker.Routledge.
[19] Keat Gin Ooi(2004).Southeast Asia: A Historical Encyclopedia, from Angkor Wat to East Timor.ABC-CLIO.
[20] The Journal of the Indian Archipelago and Eastern Asia, Volume 4.Kraus Reprint, 1850.
[21] Robert Cribb (2013).Historical Atlas of Indonesia.Routledge.
[22] Herman Renwarin (1984).Sejarah sosial daerah Irian Jaya.Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan.




![Battle on the Ice (German Teutons vs Russian Novgorod)
The Battle on the Ice (Russian: Ледовое побоище; German: Schlacht auf dem Eise) was fought between the Republic of Novgorod led by prince Alexander Nevsky and the crusader army of the Teutonic Knights led by Hermann of Dorpat on April 5, 1242, at Lake Peipus, Present day Russian Border with Estonia & Latvia.
Hoping to exploit Novgorods weakness in the wake of the Mongol and Swedish invasions, the Teutonic Knights attacked the neighboring Novgorod Republic and occupied Pskov, Izborsk, and Koporye in autumn 1240. When they approached Novgorod itself, the local citizens recalled to the city 20-year-old Prince Alexander Nevsky, whom they had banished to Pereslavl earlier that year. During the campaign of 1241, Alexander managed to retake Pskov and Koporye from the crusaders.
On April 5, 1242. Alexander, intending to fight in a place of his own choosing, retreated in an attempt to draw the often over-confident Crusaders onto the frozen lake.the crusader forces likely numbered around 2,600, including 800 Danish and German knights, 100 Teutonic knights, 300 Danes, 400 Germans and 1,000 Estonian infantry.[4] The Russians fielded around 5,000 men: Alexander and his brother Andreis bodyguards (druzhina), totalling around 1,000, plus 2000 militia of Novgorod, 1400 Finno-Ugrian tribesman and 600 horse archers.
The Teutonic knights and crusaders charged across the lake and reached the enemy, but were held up by the infantry of the Novgorod militia. This caused the momentum of the crusader attack to slow. The battle was fierce, with the allied Russians fighting the Teutonic and crusader troops on the frozen surface of the lake. After a little more than two hours of close quarters fighting, Alexander ordered the left and right wings of his army (including cavalry) to enter the battle. The Teutonic and crusader troops by that time were exhausted from the constant struggle on the slippery surface of the frozen lake. The Crusaders started to retreat in disarray deeper onto the ice, and the appearance of the fresh Novgorod cavalry made them retreat in panic.
The Crusaders defeat in the battle marked the end of their Catholic campaigns against the Orthodox Novgorod Republic and other Slavic territories for the next century. The Novgorodians succeeded in defending Russian territory, and the crusaders never mounted another serious challenge eastward. Alexander was canonised as a saint in the Russian Orthodox Church in 1574.In the 1243 treaty between Novgorod and the Teutonic Order signed, where the knights abandoned all claims to Russian lands.
Source :
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_on_the_Ice Battle on the Ice (German Teutons vs Russian Novgorod)](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/zT9wUHT46kc/mqdefault.jpg)

