Uploaded February 2015 | Updated September 2026, 2 weeks ago

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For biology to be recognized as separate science of the living world, certain erroneous principles had to be refuted - and those were vitalism and teleology. Here I talk mainly about vitalism. In the following video there will be more about teleology.

If you read "What Makes Biology Unique" by Ernst Mayr and "Chance and Necessity" by Jacques Monod, it will be worth it .