Overview of the CNS (Pars, Neurons, Neuroglia, White & Grey Matter, Development)

Uploaded August 2021 | Updated September 2026, 2 weeks ago

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Content:
0:00 Introduction
0:37 Parts of the Central Nervous System
1:36 Neurons
4:30 Functions of Neurons
5:28 Neuroglia
6:41 Distribution of White and Grey Matter
7:54 Nervous Tracts
9:16 Nervous System Development

Central Nervous System Parts:
- The Brain (Encephalon)
○ Medulla Oblongata
○ Pons
○ Mesencephalon
○ Cerebellum
○ Diencephalon
○ Telencephalon
- Spinal Cord (Medulla Spinalis)

Neurons:
- Neurons form Nerve Tissue
- Dendrites
- Cell body (nucleus)
- Axons
- Axon Terminal
- CNS: Oligodendrocytes
- PNS: Shwan Cells
- Myelin Sheath
- Histology: Granules, demarcation between axon and body
- Multipolar Neuron
- Pseudounipolar Neuron
- Bipolar Neuron

Neuron Function:
- Afferent (Sensory) Nerve
- Interneuron
- Efferent (Motor) Nerve

Neuroglia:
- Give mechanical support and provides nutrients
- Astrocytes form Blood Brain Barrier
- Oligodendrocytes (myelination)
- Microglia (Immune Cells)
- Ependymal Cells (Lines cavities in the brain and spinal cord)

Distribution of White and Grey matter in the CNS:
- Grey Matter (Rich in Nerve body and Dendrites)
- White Matter (Myelinated Axons)
- Cross Sections of Spinal Cord
○ Grey matter in centrum and white matter around
- Cross Sections of Brain
○ Grey mater in cortex and in middle an white matter between

Nerve Tracts (Tractus Nervosi):
- Bundle of axons that connect gray matter to gray matter
- Classification
○ Association Fibers
○ Commisural Fibers
○ Projection Fibers
- Classification
○ Ascending Tracts
○ Descending Tracts
○ Indirect Tracts

Development of Central Nervous System:
- Week 4 after fertilization
○ Spinal Cord
○ Rhombencephalon (Hindbrain)
○ Mesencephlaon (Midbrain)
○ Prosencephalon (Forebrain)
- Week 5 after fertilization
○ Spinal Cord
○ Myelencephalon
○ Metencephalon
○ Mesencephalon (Midbrain)
○ Diencephalon
○ Telencephalon

Sources used in this video:
- Memorix Anatomy 2nd Edition by Hudák Radovan (Author), Kachlík David (Author), Volný Ondřej (Author)
- Biorender
- University notes and lectures

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