Internal Carotid Artery Scheme (Side branches, Circle of Willis)

Uploaded February 2020 | Updated September 2026, 2 weeks ago

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Content:
0:00 Introduction
0:28 Parts of the Internal Carotid Artery
0:50 Cervical Part
1:01 Petrous Part
1:45 Cavernous Part
2:15 Cerebral Part
2:31 7 Segment Scheme
3:05 Cerebral Part
4:11 Circle of Willis
4:50 Anterior Cerebral Artery
5:56 Medial Cerebral Artery
6:46 Posterior Communicating Artery
6:55 Anterior Choroid Artery
7:22 Posterior Cerebral Artery

This video will cover the:
- Parts of the Internal Carotid Canal
- Internal Carotid Artery
○ Anterior Cerebral Artery
○ Middle Cerebral Artery
○ Anterior Choroid artery
○ Posterior Communicating artery
- Blood Supply of the brain

Parts of Internal Carotid:
- 4 parts of the internal carotid
○ Cervical Part
○ Petrous Part
○ Cavernous Part
○ Cerebral Part
- 7 segments of the Internal Carotid

Circle of Willis (Circulus arteriosus cerebri s. Willisi) - Thomas Willis:
- Ophthalamic Artery
- Anterior Cerebral Artery
- Middle Cerebral Artery
- Anterior Choroid Artery
- Posterior Communicating Artery
- Posterior Cerebral Artery (Basillary Artery)

Cerebral Part of Internal Carotid:
- Anterior Cerebral Artery
○ Run along the longitudinal cerebral fissure, supplying:
§ Medial surface of frontal adn parietal lobe
§ Superior frontal gyrus
§ Superior parietal lobule
§ Upper part of post and pre central gyrus
§ Gyrus Rectus (Straight gyrus)
- Middle Cerebral Artery
○ If occluded will cause middle cerebral artery syndrome
○ Supplies:
§ Insula
§ Lentiform nucleus
§ Caudate nucleus
§ Internal Capsule
§ Superior and middle Temporal Gyrus
§ Large area of superolateral surface of the hemispheres
- Anterior Choroid artery
○ Goes backwards to form a choroid plexus in lateral and third ventricle
- Posterior Cerebral Artery
○ From basilar artery. Supplies:
§ Occipital Lobe
Inferior Temporal Gyrus

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$The Clavicle (Collarbone): Parts, Joints, and Common Injuries | Clinical Anatomy 🌐 Website: https://taimtalksmed.com/ 🫀 Help keep this content free: youtube.com/channel/UCEr7pkSXVsHcBLLBcJAGV-Q/join 🔬 Get 10% off anatomy lab models (affiliate link): https://anatomywarehouse.com?aff=34 📲 Other Links: Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/taimtalksmed/ Discord: https://discord.com/invite/DENMUpS8ey Content: 00:00 Introduction & Content 01:20 Clavicle Anatomy 03:02 Joints of the Clavicle 03:19 Sternoclavicular Joint 04:06 Acromioclavicular Joint 05:29 Why do we have a Clavicle? 07:47 Clinical Relevance 08:42 Possible causes of pain in the Clavicle 09:53 Symptoms of Clavicle Injury 10:17 Clinical Tests of Clavicle Injuries 11:01 Treatment of Clavicle Injury Clavicle (Collarbone) Anatomy | Structure, Joints & Clinical Relevance Structures covered in this video: Clavicle Anatomy – Parts: • Sternal end (Extremitas sternalis) • Acromial end (Extremitas acromialis) • Body of the clavicle (Corpus claviculae) • Sternal facet (Facies articularis sternalis) • Acromial facet (Facies articularis acromialis) • Subclavian groove (Sulcus musculi subclavii) • Conoid tubercle (Tuberculum conoideum) • Trapezoid line (Linea trapezoidea) • Impression for costoclavicular ligament Joints Formed by the Clavicle: • Sternoclavicular joint (Articulatio sternoclavicularis) • Clavicular notch of manubrium (Incisura clavicularis) • Acromioclavicular joint (Articulatio acromioclavicularis) Ligaments of the Clavicle: • Costoclavicular ligament (Ligamentum costoclaviculare) • Interclavicular ligament (Ligamentum interclaviculare) • Anterior sternoclavicular ligament • Acromioclavicular ligament • Coracoclavicular ligament • Conoid ligament (Ligamentum conoideum) • Trapezoid ligament (Ligamentum trapezoideum) • Coracoacromial ligament (Ligamentum coracoacromiale) Associated Muscles: • Subclavius • Pectoralis major • Sternocleidomastoid • Trapezius • Deltoid Neurovascular Structures Protected by the Clavicle: • Brachial plexus • Subclavian artery • Subclavian vein Functional Anatomy: • Clavicle as a strut • Force transmission from upper limb to axial skeleton • S-shape acting as a shock absorber • Scapular suspension and positioning Clinical Anatomy and Conditions Discussed: • Clavicle fracture (Middle third most common) • Clavicle dislocation • Acromioclavicular joint injury • AC joint step-off • Cross-body adduction test • Piano key sign • OBrien’s test • Sternoclavicular joint dislocation or arthritis • Distal clavicular osteolysis (Weightlifter’s shoulder) • Cleidocranial dysplasia (Absence of clavicle) • Neurovascular injury signs (Pulse, cap refill, sensory loss) Imaging Techniques Mentioned: • AP clavicle X-ray • CT scan for subtle fractures or joint evaluation • MRI for osteolysis or soft tissue pathology • Chest X-ray to rule out associated rib fractures or pneumothorax Treatment Options: • Conservative management (sling, NSAIDs, physiotherapy) • Surgical fixation (for displaced or unstable fractures) • Grading of AC joint injuries (Type I–III) • Distal clavicle excision (arthroscopic or open) Sources: • Kozlowski, T. (2017). Memorix Anatomy, 2nd ed. • Standring S. (2020). Gray’s Anatomy, 42nd edition • Tubbs RS, Shoja MM, Loukas M. (2016). Bergman’s Encyclopedia of Human Anatomic Variation • White TD, Folkens PA. (2005). The Human Bone Manual Programs used: Complete Anatomy, Biorender, PowerPoint$

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