Uploaded December 2016 | Updated September 2026, 1 week ago
In this video Paul Andersen shows how carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is causing a decrease in the pH of the oceans. The carbon dioxide combines with the water to create carbonic acid which dissociates into bicarbonate and carbonate anions. Decreased pH leads to lower metabolism and immune response in marine species. Increased bicarbonate makes it difficult to form shells and reefs of calcium carbonate.
Music Attribution
Intro
Title: I4dsong_loop_main.wav
Artist: CosmicD
Link to sound: freesound.org/people/CosmicD/sounds/72556
Creative Commons Atribution License
Outro
Title: String Theory
Artist: Herman Jolly
sunsetvalley.bandcamp.com/track/string-theory
All of the images are licensed under creative commons and public domain licensing:
CCoil. (2015). English: Space-filling model of part of the crystal structure of calcium carbonate, CaCO3. Retrieved from commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Calcium-carbonate-xtal-3D-SF.png
Daviddarom. (1969). English: Coral reef with Pseudanthias squamipinnis, Gulf of Eilat Red Sea. Retrieved from commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gulf_of_Eilat_(Red_Sea)_coral_reefs.jpg
Dbc334. (2006). English: Molecule of water. Retrieved from commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Water_molecule_3D.svg
Fairbanks, P. by R. H. University of Alaska. (2004). English: A pelagic pteropod collected during one of the net tows. Species probably Limacina helicina. Retrieved from commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:LimacinaHelicinaNOAA.jpg
Giesecke, R. (2010). English: Limacina rangii (d’Orbigny, 1834) (synonym: Limacina helicina, synonym: Limacina helicina antarctica) from the Lazarev Sea, Antarctic. Retrieved from commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Limacina_antarctica.png
Jynto, B. M. and. (2009). English: Ball and stick model of the Bicarbonate ion. Retrieved from commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bicarbonate-ion-3D-balls.png
Laboratory, N. E. V. (2011). English: In laboratory experiments, this pterapod shell dissolved over the course of 45 days in seawater adjusted to an ocean chemistry projected for the year 2100. Retrieved from commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pterapod_shell_dissolved_in_seawater_adjusted_to_an_ocean_chemistry_projected_for_the_year_2100.jpg
Meiyuchang, K. svg: U. work: (2010). Carbonate system of seawater. Retrieved from commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Carbonate_system_of_seawater.svg
Mills, J. and B. (2010). Ball and stick model of the carbonic acid molecule. Retrieved from commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Carbonic-acid-3D-balls.png
NASA/GISS, N. O. (2015). English: This map of the Earth shows surface temperature trends between 1950 and 2014. The key to this map is here. Retrieved from commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:World_map_showing_surface_temperature_trends_between_1950_and_2014.png
Plumbago. (2009). English: Estimated change in annual mean sea surface pH between the pre-industrial period (1700s) and the present day (1990s). Δ pH here is in standard pH units. Calculated from fields of dissolved inorganic carbon and alkalinity from the Global Ocean Data Analysis Project (GLODAP) climatology and temperature and salinity from the World Ocean Atlas (2005) climatology using Richard Zeebe’s csys package. It is plotted here using a Mollweide projection (using MATLAB and the M_Map package). Note that the GLODAP climatology is missing data in certain oceanic provinces including the Arctic Ocean, the Caribbean Sea, the Mediterranean Sea and the Malay Archipelago. Retrieved from commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:WOA05_GLODAP_del_pH_AYool.png
Wikipedia, P. at E. (2007). English: Another diagram of the pH scale. Own work. PD release. Retrieved from commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:PH_scale_2.png
Zander, “Jon. (2007). Pectinidé (il s’agit de la valve inférieure d’un gros pectinidé, pour moi Pecten maximus, la coquille Saint-Jacques, mais je ne suis pas un spécialiste et en plus on voit pas l’autre valve donc....). Retrieved from commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Unknown_Bivalve_Macro.JPG
In this video Paul Andersen shows how carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is causing a decrease in the pH of the oceans. The carbon dioxide combines with the water to create carbonic acid which dissociates into bicarbonate and carbonate anions. Decreased pH leads to lower metabolism and immune response in marine species. Increased bicarbonate makes it difficult to form shells and reefs of calcium carbonate.
Music Attribution
Intro
Title: I4dsong_loop_main.wav
Artist: CosmicD
Link to sound: freesound.org/people/CosmicD/sounds/72556
Creative Commons Atribution License
Outro
Title: String Theory
Artist: Herman Jolly
sunsetvalley.bandcamp.com/track/string-theory
All of the images are licensed under creative commons and public domain licensing:
CCoil. (2015). English: Space-filling model of part of the crystal structure of calcium carbonate, CaCO3. Retrieved from commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Calcium-carbonate-xtal-3D-SF.png
Daviddarom. (1969). English: Coral reef with Pseudanthias squamipinnis, Gulf of Eilat Red Sea. Retrieved from commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gulf_of_Eilat_(Red_Sea)_coral_reefs.jpg
Dbc334. (2006). English: Molecule of water. Retrieved from commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Water_molecule_3D.svg
Fairbanks, P. by R. H. University of Alaska. (2004). English: A pelagic pteropod collected during one of the net tows. Species probably Limacina helicina. Retrieved from commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:LimacinaHelicinaNOAA.jpg
Giesecke, R. (2010). English: Limacina rangii (d’Orbigny, 1834) (synonym: Limacina helicina, synonym: Limacina helicina antarctica) from the Lazarev Sea, Antarctic. Retrieved from commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Limacina_antarctica.png
Jynto, B. M. and. (2009). English: Ball and stick model of the Bicarbonate ion. Retrieved from commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bicarbonate-ion-3D-balls.png
Laboratory, N. E. V. (2011). English: In laboratory experiments, this pterapod shell dissolved over the course of 45 days in seawater adjusted to an ocean chemistry projected for the year 2100. Retrieved from commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pterapod_shell_dissolved_in_seawater_adjusted_to_an_ocean_chemistry_projected_for_the_year_2100.jpg
Meiyuchang, K. svg: U. work: (2010). Carbonate system of seawater. Retrieved from commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Carbonate_system_of_seawater.svg
Mills, J. and B. (2010). Ball and stick model of the carbonic acid molecule. Retrieved from commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Carbonic-acid-3D-balls.png
NASA/GISS, N. O. (2015). English: This map of the Earth shows surface temperature trends between 1950 and 2014. The key to this map is here. Retrieved from commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:World_map_showing_surface_temperature_trends_between_1950_and_2014.png
Plumbago. (2009). English: Estimated change in annual mean sea surface pH between the pre-industrial period (1700s) and the present day (1990s). Δ pH here is in standard pH units. Calculated from fields of dissolved inorganic carbon and alkalinity from the Global Ocean Data Analysis Project (GLODAP) climatology and temperature and salinity from the World Ocean Atlas (2005) climatology using Richard Zeebe’s csys package. It is plotted here using a Mollweide projection (using MATLAB and the M_Map package). Note that the GLODAP climatology is missing data in certain oceanic provinces including the Arctic Ocean, the Caribbean Sea, the Mediterranean Sea and the Malay Archipelago. Retrieved from commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:WOA05_GLODAP_del_pH_AYool.png
Wikipedia, P. at E. (2007). English: Another diagram of the pH scale. Own work. PD release. Retrieved from commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:PH_scale_2.png
Zander, “Jon. (2007). Pectinidé (il s’agit de la valve inférieure d’un gros pectinidé, pour moi Pecten maximus, la coquille Saint-Jacques, mais je ne suis pas un spécialiste et en plus on voit pas l’autre valve donc....). Retrieved from commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Unknown_Bivalve_Macro.JPG
