Uploaded July 2019 | Updated September 2026, 1 week ago
In this video Paul Andersen explains how you can have your students plan and carry out their own investigations.
The Wonder of Science: thewonderofscience.com/teaching
In this video Paul Andersen explains how you can have your students plan and carry out their own investigations.
The Wonder of Science: thewonderofscience.com/teaching

![Thermal Equlibrium
132 - Thermal Equilibrium
In this video Paul Andersen explains how objects in contact with varying temperatures will eventually reach thermal equilibrium with equal temperatures. The amount of thermal energy transferred is related to the mass and temperature of the objects since momentum is transferred and conserved along the margin.
Do you speak another language? Help me translate my videos:
http://www.bozemanscience.com/translations/
Music Attribution
Title: String Theory
Artist: Herman Jolly
http://sunsetvalley.bandcamp.com/track/string-theory
All of the images are licensed under creative commons and public domain licensing:
“Graphics Processing Unit.” Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia, May 9, 2015. http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Graphics_processing_unit&oldid=661524609.
“Heat Sink.” Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia, March 11, 2015. http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Heat_sink&oldid=650926879.
Poooow. English: Intel CPU, [object HTMLTableCellElement]. Own work. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cpu.jpg. Thermal Equlibrium](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/gzy4YFuKg9A/mqdefault.jpg)
![Wave-Particle Duality of Light
126 - Wave-Particle Duality of Light
In this video Paul Andersen explains how light can be treated as both a particle and a wave. Physicists use scale to determine which model to use when studying light. When the wavelength of light is equivalent to the size of the object a wave model is used. When the energy is equivalent to the energy of a photon a particle model is used.
Do you speak another language? Help me translate my videos:
http://www.bozemanscience.com/translations/
Music Attribution
Title: String Theory
Artist: Herman Jolly
http://sunsetvalley.bandcamp.com/track/string-theory
All of the images are licensed under creative commons and public domain licensing:
[1, Lucien Chavan. English: German-Born Theoretical Physicist Albert Einstein., or 1905[2 1904. Transferred from en.wikipedia; transferred to Commons by User:Guerillero using CommonsHelper. (Original text : Cropped from original at the Historical Museum of Berne.). http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Einstein_patentoffice.jpg.
1917, From: Arthur Shuster & Arthur E. Shipley: Britain’s Heritage of Science London. English: Isaac Newton, Based on a Painting by Kneller, [object HTMLTableCellElement]. A Temple of Worthies. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:SS-newton.jpg.
File:SS-Young.jpg, n.d. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:SS-young.jpg.
gmaxwell, Original: Light Green Check Icon, Originally drawn in , recolored on 2007- -24 2005. This file was derived from: Yes check.svg. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Light_green_check.svg.
Unknown. Advertisement in Moving Picture World, September 1916. Internet Archive. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Selznick_Kimball_Young.jpg.
User:Gmaxwell. English: Red “X”/Cross Logic Icon., September 18, 2005. Original version of Image:X mark.svg. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Red_x.svg. Wave-Particle Duality of Light](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/h1tflE-L2Dc/mqdefault.jpg)




![Ideal Gas Law
131 - Ideal Gas Law
In this video Paul Andersen explains how the pressure, volume, amount, and temperature of an ideal gas are related. Absolute zero of a gas can be determined by varying the temperature and measuring the corresponding volume of a gas sample. Several examples including Boyles and Charles Law are included.
Do you speak another language? Help me translate my videos:
http://www.bozemanscience.com/translations/
Music Attribution
Title: String Theory
Artist: Herman Jolly
http://sunsetvalley.bandcamp.com/track/string-theory
All of the images are licensed under creative commons and public domain licensing:
“Absolute Zero.” Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia, May 12, 2015. http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Absolute_zero&oldid=662075935.
“Boomerang Nebula.” Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia, February 13, 2015. http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Boomerang_Nebula&oldid=646876689.
“Ideal Gas Law.” Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia, May 12, 2015. http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ideal_gas_law&oldid=662028114.
Jlpons. English: Elastic Collision within an Ideal Gas, [object HTMLTableCellElement]. Own work. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gaz_molecules.gif.
USA, Steve Jurvetson from Menlo Park. These Are Two of My Favorite Things…, February 28, 2010. Pipes + Wires. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bose-Einstein_condensate,_a_cloud_of_super-cooled_Rubidium_atoms_in_a_Laser_trap_on_an_Optical_table In_a_game_of_catch_%26_release,_the_atoms_will_shoot_up_a_30_ft._tall_Atomic_fountain Stanford.jpg. Ideal Gas Law](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/ir64EcRkf5Q/mqdefault.jpg)


![Environmental Systems
002 - Environmental Systems
Water: https://youtu.be/iOOvX0jmhJ4
pH: https://youtu.be/rIvEvwViJGk
Biological Molecules: https://youtu.be/PYH63o10iTE
In this video Paul Andersen explains how matter and energy are conserved within the Earths system. Matter is a closed system and Energy is open to the surroundings. In natural systems steady state is maintained through feedback loops but can be be affected by human society.
Do you speak another language? Help me translate my videos:
http://www.bozemanscience.com/translations/
Music Attribution
Intro
Title: I4dsong_loop_main.wav
Artist: CosmicD
Link to sound: http://www.freesound.org/people/CosmicD/sounds/72556/
Creative Commons Atribution License
Outro
Title: String Theory
Artist: Herman Jolly
http://sunsetvalley.bandcamp.com/track/string-theory
All of the images are licensed under creative commons and public domain licensing:
2006, Photo by Johntex. English: Man Sitting under Beach Umbrella., February 18, 2006. Johntex. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Man_sitting_under_beach_umbrella.JPG.
“Circular Graphic of Business Cycle or Circuit - Free Business Icons.” Flaticon. Accessed August 23, 2015. www.flaticon.com/free-icon/circular-graphic-of-business-cycle-or-circuit_45323.
College, OpenStax. English: Illustration from Anatomy & Physiology, Connexions Web Site. http://cnx.org/content/col11496/1.6/, Jun 19, 2013., May 16, 2013. Anatomy & Physiology, Connexions Web site. http://cnx.org/content/col11496/1.6/, Jun 19, 2013. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:206_Electron_Shells-01.jpg.
DePiep. English: Category Colors according to - Diatomic Nonmetals. See En:wp., August 14, 2013. Own work. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Periodic_table_(polyatomic).svg.
DynaBlast. Covalently Bonded Hydrogen and Carbon in a W:molecule of Methane., January 28, 2006. Created with Inkscape. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Covalent.svg.
Eastland, Jessie. English: Sunset, Joshua Tree California, USA., July 20, 2012. Own work. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Actual_Sunset.jpg.
Ebaychatter0. English: Sport Car, October 3, 2012. Own work. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Orange_sport_car.svg.
France, Chad Teer from Coquitlam. Offshore Platform Located in the Gulf of Mexico, Port Location Cd. Del Carmen., October 22, 2004. Flickr.com - image description page. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gulf_Offshore_Platform.jpg.
“Gasoline.” Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia, August 19, 2015. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gasoline&oldid=676894788.
https://github.com/Ranks/emojione/graphs/contributors. English: A Colored Emoji from Emojione Project, [object HTMLTableCellElement]. https://github.com/Ranks/emojione. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Emojione_1F6C1.svg.
“James Prescott Joule.” Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia, July 29, 2015. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=James_Prescott_Joule&oldid=673687877.
Kulenov, Zhanat. English: The Aral Sea Is Drying Up. Bay of Zhalanash, Ship Cemetery, Aralsk, Kazakhstan, April 11, 2006. UNESCO. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_Aral_sea_is_drying_up._Bay_of_Zhalanash,_Ship_Cemetery,_Aralsk,_Kazakhstan.jpg.
“Lake.” Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia, August 21, 2015. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lake&oldid=677085416.
MODIS, NASA images by Reto Stöckli, based on data from NASA and NOAA Instrument: Terra-. Polski: Mozaika Zdjęć Półkuli Zachodniej, Zrzutowana Na Sferę I Poddana Obróbce., October 2, 2007. Earth Observatory: Twin Blue Marbles. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Blue_Marble_Western_Hemisphere.jpg.
“Molecular Configuration - Free Education Icons.” Flaticon. Accessed August 22, 2015. www.flaticon.com/free-icon/molecular-configuration_68084.
Producercunningham, NASA Collage by. English: A Comparison of the Aral Sea in 1989 (left) and 2014 (right)., September 30, 2014. 1989: aral sea 1989 250m File:Aralsea tmo 2014231 lrg.jpg. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:AralSea1989_2014.jpg.
“Recycle Reuse - Free Arrows Icons.” Flaticon. Accessed August 22, 2015. www.flaticon.com/free-icon/recycle-reuse_25274.
Roscoe, Henry. Picture of James Joule, 1906. The Life & Experiences of Sir Henry Enfield Roscoe (Macmillan: London and New York), p. 120. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Joule_James_sitting.jpg.
Wikipedia, The original uploader was Adz at English. Daintree Rainforest. Photo Taken June 2005. Uploaded with Permission., August 13, 2005. Transferred from en.wikipedia to Commons. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Daintree_Rainforest.JPG. Environmental Systems](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/jfgE-LAJ8fA/mqdefault.jpg)