Uploaded December 2018 | Updated September 2026, 3 weeks ago

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Brexit is complicated by the issues arising from the Gibraltar border. ★ ★Support on Patreon: patreon.com/theexploration
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Spain has made moves during the Brexit negotiations to achieve joint-sovereignty on the peninsula. This video explores the historical origins of the conflict on Gibraltar, and carries into the present day dispute over Gibraltar and Brexit

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★ NOTE ON SOURCING IN CAPTIONS▼▼▼▼▼▼▼

I've added a citation system into my closed captioning. In order to be respectful to the hard of hearing members of this community, I've tried to make this as non-intrusive as possible., so as not to distract from reading.

At the end of a sentence with sourcing, something like this will appear:
"The sky is blue. The ocean is blue (17,89)."
In this example, the 1st number represents the source # from the source list in the description.
The 2nd number represents the page number, if the source is a book.

1. We Shall Fight on the Beaches. Winston Churchill. June 4, 1940
2. Operation Felix: Assault on Gibraltar. Stone and Stone. Bill Stone. 1999.
3. Operation Felix: Franco and Hitler Play Cat and Mouse. 2016. Michael D. Hull
4. “War of the Spanish Succession”. Encyclopedia Britannica
5. “Gibraltar: History of a Fortress” Ernle Bradford.
6. (also confirmed in source 5) Gibraltar sovereignty referendum, 1967. Wikipedia.
7. (see also source 8) “Gibraltar sovereignty referendum, 2002” Wikipedia.
8. “Gibraltar votes out joint rule with Spain”. The Guardian. 2002. Patrick Wintour, Giles Tremlett
9. “What could Brexit mean for Gibraltar?” BBC. April 2017.Tom Burridge.
10. “Spain tries again to secure joint use of Gibraltar airport post-Brexit”. Sunday Express. 2018
11. “EU referendum results” The Electoral Commission
12. “Spain to seek talks on joint sovereignty of Gibraltar”. RTE.
13. “Theresa May’s Letter Invoking Article 50” March 2017 NYT
14. “Brexit: Will Spain's Gibraltar concerns crash on The Rock?” BBC Katya Adler
15. “Gibraltar after Brexit” El Pais. 24 Sept 2018
16. “Gibraltar Brexit deal done, says Spain’s Sánchez” 10.18.18 Politico
17. @sanchezcastejon 22 Nov 18 Twitter
18. “The Process of Brexit: What Comes Next?” Dr. Alan Renwick, pg 53
19. “EU offers Spain veto right over Gibraltar in Brexit talks” Reuters 03.2017
20. “The joint sovereignty proposal for Gibraltar: benefits for all” Real Instituto el cano
21. Additional Reference: “Community and Identity: The making of modern Gibraltar since 1704” by Stephen Constantine. 2009
22. “The Brexit Roadmap” Centre for Law of EU External Relations, pg 60

Photo Credit:
Manchester Brexit By Ilovetheeu - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0
By Paul - Flickr: Gibraltar Customs side of the Spain-Gibraltar frontier, Winston Churchill Avenue, Gibraltar, CC BY-SA 2.0
Gibraltar-Spain border By Arne Koehler - picture taken by Arne Koehler, CC BY-SA 3.0

Music:
Drone in D by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/...)
Source: http://incompetech.com/music/royalty-...
Artist: incompetech.com