Uploaded November 2024 | Updated September 2026, 3 weeks ago
Who Owns Antarctica? 511 Billion Barrels of oil are hidden under the ice, potentially sparking an unsettling race to influence the future of the last place on earth you can't visit. In this video, I go through the history of colonial claims in Antarctica, the post-war idealism leading to the Antarctic Treaty of 1959, and the cracks forming in the consensus of the modern age.
★ Access exclusive original content and support your favorite creators. nebula.tv/exploringhistory
★Support on Patreon: patreon.com/williamcfox
Social Media ▼
Twitter➜ @williamcfox
Instagram➜ @williamcfox
TikTok ➜ @williamcfox
★ NOTE ON SOURCING IN CAPTIONS:
At the end of a sentence with sourcing, something like this will appear:
"The sky is blue. The ocean is blue (17,89)."
In this example, the 1st number represents the source # from the source list in this description. The 2nd number represents the page number, if the source is a book. If the numbers are separated by a semicolon ie (2;3), the numbers represent two different sources.
1. “Russia’s Oil Exploration in Antarctica…” Saleem H. Ali. Forbes. May 25, 2024
2. The Antarctic Treaty Preamble. Accessed through Secretariat website.
3. Roald Amundsen. Norwegian explorer. Britannica. Accessed October 2024.
4. March 15, 1948 CIA Report. “Argentine Claims in the Falklands…” No.4606
5. “Día de la Antártida Argentina” 22 Feb 2019. MRECIC.
6. Polar Record. 1948;5(35-36):241-243. Reproduced British Letters Patent of 1908 , 1917
7. “National Interests and Claims…” Wilson Arctic, Vol. 17, No. 1 (Mar., 1964), pp. 15-31
8. "Sir James Clark Ross". Encyclopedia Britannica, 11 Apr. 2024
9. Australian Government. “Australian Antarctic Territory”
10. NZ FAT. “Antarctica and the Southern Ocean” Accessed Oct ‘24
11. Norwegian Government. Meld. st. 32. Norway’s History in the Antarctic. 2014.
12. MEAE. “Antarctica: an exceptional continent.”
13. NASA. John Uri. July 5, 2022
14. International Geophysical Year (IGY) National Archives and Eisenhower Library.
15. 1945 Emery Reeves , “The Anatomy of Peace” amzn.to/3NAD60n
16. 1958 textbook, “World Peace Through World Law” amzn.to/3YymvRf
17. Hearing on House Concurrent Resolution 64. “To Seek Development of the United Nations into a World Federation” 1949
18. LOC. History of the Antarctic Treaty System. Sophia Guido
19. Brady, A.-M. (2017). “CHINA’S INTEREST IN EX…” (p.17–20). ASPI.
20. “How the Antarctic Treaty of 1959 Influenced…” Jan 28, 2022. Sophia Guido
21. AP. “In message to Russia…” May 23, 2024
22. El Pais. Changes on the map. Carlos Pagni APR 10, 2024
23. CSIS. U.S. Operational Retreat from Antarctica. William Muntean III. May ‘24.
24. Great-Power Competition Comes to Antarctica. Elizabeth Buchanan March 18, 2024
25. Mar 10, 2024 “Antarctic ambitions are reshaping…” Axios
26. “China in the Antarctic Treaty System” 2020 ASPI. Accessed JSTOR
27. “China blocks moves to increase protection…” PBS Jun 3, 2022
0:00-00:38 Intro
00:39-5:18 Frozen Colonial Claims
5:19-8:25 Post-War Utopianism
8:26-12:15 Treaty
12:16-17:04 Cracks
17:05-22:17 Sundown
Mapping software licensed through MapTiler,and GEOlayers. Thanks to OpenStreetMap and Natural Earth.
Stock video and imagery provided by Getty Images.
Who Owns Antarctica? 511 Billion Barrels of oil are hidden under the ice, potentially sparking an unsettling race to influence the future of the last place on earth you can't visit. In this video, I go through the history of colonial claims in Antarctica, the post-war idealism leading to the Antarctic Treaty of 1959, and the cracks forming in the consensus of the modern age.
★ Access exclusive original content and support your favorite creators. nebula.tv/exploringhistory
★Support on Patreon: patreon.com/williamcfox
Social Media ▼
Twitter➜ @williamcfox
Instagram➜ @williamcfox
TikTok ➜ @williamcfox
★ NOTE ON SOURCING IN CAPTIONS:
At the end of a sentence with sourcing, something like this will appear:
"The sky is blue. The ocean is blue (17,89)."
In this example, the 1st number represents the source # from the source list in this description. The 2nd number represents the page number, if the source is a book. If the numbers are separated by a semicolon ie (2;3), the numbers represent two different sources.
1. “Russia’s Oil Exploration in Antarctica…” Saleem H. Ali. Forbes. May 25, 2024
2. The Antarctic Treaty Preamble. Accessed through Secretariat website.
3. Roald Amundsen. Norwegian explorer. Britannica. Accessed October 2024.
4. March 15, 1948 CIA Report. “Argentine Claims in the Falklands…” No.4606
5. “Día de la Antártida Argentina” 22 Feb 2019. MRECIC.
6. Polar Record. 1948;5(35-36):241-243. Reproduced British Letters Patent of 1908 , 1917
7. “National Interests and Claims…” Wilson Arctic, Vol. 17, No. 1 (Mar., 1964), pp. 15-31
8. "Sir James Clark Ross". Encyclopedia Britannica, 11 Apr. 2024
9. Australian Government. “Australian Antarctic Territory”
10. NZ FAT. “Antarctica and the Southern Ocean” Accessed Oct ‘24
11. Norwegian Government. Meld. st. 32. Norway’s History in the Antarctic. 2014.
12. MEAE. “Antarctica: an exceptional continent.”
13. NASA. John Uri. July 5, 2022
14. International Geophysical Year (IGY) National Archives and Eisenhower Library.
15. 1945 Emery Reeves , “The Anatomy of Peace” amzn.to/3NAD60n
16. 1958 textbook, “World Peace Through World Law” amzn.to/3YymvRf
17. Hearing on House Concurrent Resolution 64. “To Seek Development of the United Nations into a World Federation” 1949
18. LOC. History of the Antarctic Treaty System. Sophia Guido
19. Brady, A.-M. (2017). “CHINA’S INTEREST IN EX…” (p.17–20). ASPI.
20. “How the Antarctic Treaty of 1959 Influenced…” Jan 28, 2022. Sophia Guido
21. AP. “In message to Russia…” May 23, 2024
22. El Pais. Changes on the map. Carlos Pagni APR 10, 2024
23. CSIS. U.S. Operational Retreat from Antarctica. William Muntean III. May ‘24.
24. Great-Power Competition Comes to Antarctica. Elizabeth Buchanan March 18, 2024
25. Mar 10, 2024 “Antarctic ambitions are reshaping…” Axios
26. “China in the Antarctic Treaty System” 2020 ASPI. Accessed JSTOR
27. “China blocks moves to increase protection…” PBS Jun 3, 2022
0:00-00:38 Intro
00:39-5:18 Frozen Colonial Claims
5:19-8:25 Post-War Utopianism
8:26-12:15 Treaty
12:16-17:04 Cracks
17:05-22:17 Sundown
Mapping software licensed through MapTiler,and GEOlayers. Thanks to OpenStreetMap and Natural Earth.
Stock video and imagery provided by Getty Images.
