Uploaded April 2020 | Updated September 2026, 1 week ago
How many legs does a dog have, if you call a tail a leg? Philosophers: "Well...it depends."
- Links for the Curious-
THUNK Discord - discord.gg/xGW7bmc
Natural Kinds (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy) - https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/natural-kinds/
Scientific Enquiry and Natural Kinds - philpapers.org/archive/MAGSEA.pdf
Natural Kinds | Daniel Kaufman & Massimo Pigliucci [Sophia] - youtube.com/watch?v=tE9QQ1uk01Q
The Categories Were Made For Man, Not Man For The Categories, by Scott Alexander - slatestarcodex.com/2014/11/21/the-categories-were-made-for-man-not-man-for-the-categories
THUNK 134. The Problem of Universals - youtube.com/watch?v=WE4mXY42OBM
How many legs does a dog have, if you call a tail a leg? Philosophers: "Well...it depends."
- Links for the Curious-
THUNK Discord - discord.gg/xGW7bmc
Natural Kinds (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy) - https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/natural-kinds/
Scientific Enquiry and Natural Kinds - philpapers.org/archive/MAGSEA.pdf
Natural Kinds | Daniel Kaufman & Massimo Pigliucci [Sophia] - youtube.com/watch?v=tE9QQ1uk01Q
The Categories Were Made For Man, Not Man For The Categories, by Scott Alexander - slatestarcodex.com/2014/11/21/the-categories-were-made-for-man-not-man-for-the-categories
THUNK 134. The Problem of Universals - youtube.com/watch?v=WE4mXY42OBM





![208. How Complex Systems Fail
Engineering disasters often highlight how bad decisions can wreak havoc, but Dr. Richard Cooks model of complex systems & how they fail paints a different picture.
- Links for the Curious -
How Complex Systems Fail (Cook, 2000) - https://how.complexsystems.fail/
Behind Human Error: Cognitive Systems, Computers and Hindsight (Cook, 1994) - https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a492127.pdf
Normal Accidents (Perrow, 1984) - http://geo.unibuc.ro/dm/Documents/[Charles_Perrow]_Normal_Accidents.pdf
Velocity 2012: Richard Cook, How Complex Systems Fail - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2S0k12uZR14
Velocity NY 2013: Richard Cook, Resilience In Complex Adaptive Systems - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PGLYEDpNu60
Flying Astronauts to Space Is Never Routine (Koren, 2020) - https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2020/11/spacex-nasa-astronauts-crew-launch/617112/
Well Theres Your Problem 8: Three Mile Island - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sm5p2K9eW9o
Well Theres Your Problem 4: The Hyatt Regency Walkway Collapse - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hw2t0MOGnVc
Well Theres Your Problem 12A: The Boeing 737 Max - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yvM6vaZKKm4
Well Theres Your Problem 14: The Quebec Bridge - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SjOduiPSF1Q
THUNK 161: 13 Reasons Why & Compatibilism - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ngQ7Dh9-NFM
THUNK 199: FMEA - Dodging Disaster - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v z2s9Ornp6U
Climbing Accident Reports: How (and Why) to Read Them (Kirby, courtesy of Angus Smith!) - http://www.alpineinstitute.com/articles/expert-tips/climbing-accident-reports-how-(and-why)-to-read-them/
Funny how many problems boil down to People need to be less shitty to one another.
-Ulfoolius
Rest in peace, man. You will be missed. 208. How Complex Systems Fail](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/dPFw2ckWZyY/mqdefault.jpg)




