How to Survive on the ‘Dark Side’ of the Moon Cosmos:elementary 2024-07-11 | The long lunar night is a major barrier to the exploration and colonization of the Moon. Extreme temperature fluctuations as well as energy production issues, pose significant challenges. How can we address these issues to ensure that people and equipment can survive the lunar night?How thermocouples workyoutube.com/watch?v=PccE4WcfnAw00:00 - Intro01:45 - What’s the problem?07:42 - How has it been addressed20:47 - What to do?Sources: Day and Nightmoon.nasa.gov/inside-and-out/top-moon-questionsTemperature fluctuationslivescience.com/why-do-deserts-get-cold-at-night.htmlearthobservatory.nasa.gov/biome/biodesert.php guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/greatest-temperature-range-in-day Temperatureslunar.gsfc.nasa.gov/images/lithos/LROlitho7temperaturevariation27May2014.pdfISSscience.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/2001/ast21mar_1Apollo 11nasa.gov/mission_pages/apollo/missions/apollo11.htmlApollo 17nasa.gov/mission_pages/apollo/missions/apollo17.html Luna 9solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/luna-09/in-depthhttps://scientificrussia.ru/articles/ams-luna-9-pervaya-v-istorii-chelovechestva-myagkaya-posadka-na-lunu Surveyor 1solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/surveyor-1/in-depthMLIhttps://www.esa.int/ESA_Multimedia/Images/2016/08/Multi-layer_insulation_blanketsLunokhodspace.com/35090-lunokhod-1.htmlhttps://www.laspace.ru/projects/planets/luna-17/ Apollo 13spacesafetymagazine.com/aerospace-engineering/nuclear-propulsion/will-anyone-recover-apollo-13s-plutoniumHow to survivesciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0032063310003065 doi.org/10.1016/j.pss.2010.09.024space.com/moon-missions-artemis-challenges-overnightRegolithhttps://www.esa.int/Enabling_Support/Space_Engineering_Technology/Surviving_the_long_dark_night_of_the_Moon http://ltu.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1039969/FULLTEXT02.pdf ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/19930007428/downloads/19930007428.pdf https://denning.atmos.colostate.edu/readings/lunar.regolith.heat.transfer.pdf RTGsrps.nasa.gov/about-rps/overviewhttps://www.qrg.northwestern.edu/projects/vss/docs/power/1-what-are-rtgs.htmlMMRTGrps.nasa.gov/power-and-thermal-systems/power-systems Mild temperatureshttps://newsroom.ucla.edu/releases/places-on-moon-where-its-always-sweater-weatheragupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2022GL099710 Chang'e 4indianexpress.com/article/technology/science/change-4-survives-first-lunar-night-wakes-up-to-minus-190-degrees-centigrade-5564555spacenews.com/change-4-spacecraft-enter-lunar-nighttime-china-planning-future-missions-cooperation Orbital mirrorsiflscience.com/there-s-a-surprisingly-affordable-way-to-power-lunar-bases-without-storage-66003Brickshttps://scienceillustrated.com.au/blog/science/powering-a-moon-base/Poleshttps://www.lpi.usra.edu/science/moonPoles
How We REALLY Predict Asteroid Impacts Cosmos:elementary 2024-10-16 | Sometimes, in movies, astronomers discover an asteroid and instantly determine that it will definitely collide with Earth. Of course, that's nonsense. But how do we actually calculate the trajectory of a potentially hazardous object if we only see it as a point in the sky?00:00 - Intro05:20 - Is it possible?11:15 - Modern methods21:44 - First attemptsSources:Deep Impactgizmodo.com/a-scientist-responds-to-deep-impact-1709206458 Orbitshttps://blogs.esa.int/mex/2014/03/07/how-to-determine-the-orbit-of-a-comet/ astronomy.com/magazine/ask-astro/2013/09/predicting-a-path https://www.lpi.usra.edu/books/AsteroidsIII/pdf/3039.pdf Student projecteso.org/public/events/astro-evt/hyakutake/images/phot-hya-apr03-mw Asteroid Orbit Determination Projecthttp://www.columbia.edu/~my2317/asteroidproject.html Gauss and Cereshttps://sites.math.rutgers.edu/~cherlin/History/Papers1999/weiss.html https://math.berkeley.edu/~mgu/MA221/Ceres_Presentation.pdf Bookarchive.schillerinstitute.com/fid_97-01/982_orbit_ceres.pdf Newtonhttps://principia.blog/2021/03/21/newton-and-the-orbit-of-comets/Asteroid searchnasa.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/files/nasem_report_finding_hazardous_asteroids.pdf nap.nationalacademies.org/read/25476/chapter/2 aanda.org/articles/aa/full_html/2020/02/aa35983-19/aa35983-19.html nasa.gov/planetarydefense/faqDatabasecneos.jpl.nasa.gov/sentryhttps://neo.ssa.esa.int/risk-list ATLASnasa.gov/feature/nasa-asteroid-tracking-system-now-capable-of-full-sky-search NEOSMjpl.nasa.gov/missions/near-earth-object-surveyor Pan-STARRShttp://www2.ifa.hawaii.edu/research/Pan-STARRS.shtml
We know what was before the Big Bang Cosmos:elementary 2024-10-04 | Is the Big Bang really the beginning of everything? What was before it? In this episode, we'll talk about Inflation and how the Universe might have started.My video about Cosmic Horizonsyoutu.be/QV98ZzdZMhI?si=STFB0DEDimgAnSTU My video about Fine Tuningyoutu.be/iVyU_kSnSeM?si=TEowx5Y2BkWXnsSt My video about “temperature” of the CMByoutu.be/vTtojtMoQjE?si=S8KqDlKe5c_TGbbc My video about False Vacuum youtu.be/ZRhTHzhH4-w?si=Imr3UVNtKWReNNX- Cosmological Calculatorhttps://astro.uchicago.edu/~gnedin/cc/ 00:00 - Intro02:00 - Big Bang and the Singularity12:50 - Problems22:25 - InflationSources:The Big Bangworldscientific.com/doi/pdf/10.1142/9789811229442_0001 doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139175180.003 Nucleosynthesis https://w.astro.berkeley.edu/~mwhite/darkmatter/bbn.html Scale Factorhttps://w.astro.berkeley.edu/~mwhite/darkmatter/bbn.html Cosmological Calculatorhttps://astro.uchicago.edu/~gnedin/cc/ Problemshttps://s3.cern.ch/inspire-prod-files-c/cf01320a84f09089fdb2318c01fc440bhttps://astronomy.swin.edu.au/cosmos/f/Flatness+Problem https://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/level5/Watson/Watson5_2.html Alan Guth’s Paperjournals.aps.org/prd/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevD.23.347Inflationhttp://rstudio-pubs-static.s3.amazonaws.com/268079_8607edbb97f64383bd44e6ac71c0cb90.html arxiv.org/pdf/hep-ph/0304257.pdf arxiv.org/pdf/1810.09934.pdf arxiv.org/pdf/1902.05286.pdfdoi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139175180.004 ctc.cam.ac.uk/outreach/origins/inflation_zero.phpforbes.com/sites/startswithabang/2019/10/22/what-came-first-inflation-or-the-big-bang/?sh=99ccee24153c forbes.com/sites/startswithabang/2017/05/11/what-if-cosmic-inflation-is-wrong/?sh=41947e428e50 forbes.com/sites/startswithabang/2018/04/12/how-come-cosmic-inflation-doesnt-break-the-speed-of-light/?sh=79b2a02d1e40 scientificamerican.com/custom-media/biggest-questions-in-science/the-founder-of-cosmic-inflation-theory-on-cosmologys-next-big-ideas https://www.buffalo.edu/news/releases/2022/03/033.html bigthink.com/starts-with-a-bang/big-bang-beginning-universe Alan Guth’s Lectureyoutube.com/watch?v=PsfyE1-s9Rs
Explore the Moon yourself! #apollomission #space #moon Cosmos:elementary 2024-09-23 | Map: https://quickmap.lroc.asu.edu/
Craziest space projects that actually existed Cosmos:elementary 2024-09-19 | Giant nuclear spaceships, interplanetary mosquitoes, and space squid robots. Since the dawn of the space age, there have been plenty of crazy projects. Some of them even reached certain stages of realization. In this video, we'll talk about a few of these examplesStabilized video from the Moonyoutube.com/watch?v=q2sjqmKeM5g MOLAB videoyoutube.com/watch?v=VNaoxY-dXOgMy video on ion enginesyoutube.com/watch?v=FxntigaSI2U My video on surviving lunar nightyoutube.com/watch?v=v8JJBFvgUxM 00:00 - Intro 01:50 - Lunar projects06:57 - Interplanetary13:24 - Nuclear Rockets18:11 - Orion and AldebaranSourcesMALLARsmithsonianmag.com/air-space-magazine/forgotten-plans-reach-moon-apollo-180972695 Open platformntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20190031985/downloads/20190031985_rev1.pdfhttp://www.projectrho.com/public_html/rocket/excursion.php MOLAB smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/nasa-had-plans-geology-lab-moon-180952137 youtube.com/watch?v=VNaoxY-dXOgKuck’s Mosquito http://www.projectrho.com/public_html/rocket/infrastructure.php#kuckmosquito Squidnasa.gov/feature/soft-robotic-rover-with-electrodynamic-power-scavengingnasa.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/files/11-2015_phase_i_mason_peck_soft_robotic_rover_electrodynamic_power_scavenging.pdf nasa.gov/feature/niac-2015-phase-i-and-phase-ii-selections catalog.data.gov/dataset/soft-robotic-rover-with-electrodynamic-power-scavengingWindbotjpl.nasa.gov/news/could-windbots-someday-explore-the-skies-of-jupiter nasa.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/files/niac_2015_phasei_stoica_windbots_tagged.pdf Orionans.org/news/article-1294/nuclear-pulse-propulsion-gateway-to-the-stars http://www.astronautix.com/o/orionnuclearpulsevehicle.html http://www.astronautix.com/p/projectoriossiblerebirth.html vehq.com/how-hot-does-a-combustion-chamber-get-in-a-vehicleAldebaranarmaghplanet.com/the-amazing-aldebaran-spacecraft.htmlup-ship.com/blog/?p=5353More infosociomix.com/diaries/entertainment/the-10-weirdest-spacecraft-ever-proposed/1615844445siliconrepublic.com/innovation/5-of-the-weirdest-spaceships-being-considered-by-nasa vox.com/2015/2/22/8077449/nasa-colony-missions
Newest solutions to the Fermi Paradox: Contact Era, Silent Bubble Cosmos:elementary 2024-08-30 | Scientists can't stop thinking about why we haven't been able to find other intelligent civilizations in our galaxy, and they continue to work on new solutions to the Fermi Paradox. In this video, we'll discuss some of these solutions.My video on the Fine Tuning problemyoutube.com/watch?v=iVyU_kSnSeM 00:00 - Not a paradox?03:53 - a Problem07:43 - Galactic club11:16 - Contact Era14:55 - Silent Bubble17:26 - Schelling points22:43 - Machine learningSourcesReviewarxiv.org/pdf/0907.3432.pdf Where is everybodysgp.fas.org/othergov/doe/lanl/la-10311-ms.pdf Not a paradoxarxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1605/1605.09187.pdfMichael Harthttps://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pdf/1975QJRAS..16..128H K-dwarfsarxiv.org/pdf/2210.10656.pdf Contact Eraphys.org/news/2022-12-dont-aliens-theyre.html space.com/fermi-paradox-aliens-contact-earth-not-interesting arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/2211/2211.16505.pdfMicrowavenature.com/articles/521129f Silent Bubblearxiv.org/pdf/2301.07165.pdf phys.org/news/2023-01-aliens-contacted.htmlSchelling pointsspace.com/seti-planetary-transit-alien-signals arxiv.org/pdf/2212.05137.pdf Machine learningphys.org/news/2023-01-machine-extraterrestrial-life.html nature.com/articles/s41550-022-01872-z arxiv.org/pdf/2301.12670.pdf
Whats happening to the Sun? Solar Evolution #science #space #astronomy Cosmos:elementary 2024-08-22 | ...
Apollo landing sites. orbital photos #science #space #moonlanding #apollo Cosmos:elementary 2024-08-19 | ...
The Situation with the EXPANDING EARTH THEORY Cosmos:elementary 2024-08-13 | What is the Expanding Earth Hypothesis? Where did this strange idea come from, what arguments support it, if they exist. 00:00 - Intro02:13 - Growing planets05:31 - Why10:15 - Problems 118:00 - Problems 2SourcesMoon contractingnasa.gov/press-release/goddard/2019/moonquakes nasa.gov/mission_pages/LRO/news/shrinking-moon.htmlMercury contractingnasa.gov/feature/the-incredible-shrinking-mercury-is-active-after-all space.com/mercury-shrank-less-than-believed Bacon’s bookoll.libertyfund.org/title/bacon-novum-organum About Bacon’s quotescambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/3A453C4206ADF8AC5657E77F3B2D39AA/S0016756800053498a.pdf/francis-bacon-and-continental-drift.pdf First mentionnature.com/articles/367407a0Wegenerhttps://ucmp.berkeley.edu/geology/techist.html link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF02202896 More pointshgss.copernicus.org/articles/5/135/2014/hgss-5-135-2014.pdfHistorypopularmechanics.com/science/environment/a22594681/weve-been-wrong-before-expanding-earth-theory Spreadingeducation.nationalgeographic.org/resource/seafloor-spreading Plate Tectonicseducation.nationalgeographic.org/resource/continental-drift-versus-plate-tectonics earthquakeauthority.com/Blog/2020/Understanding-Plate-Tectonic-Theory livescience.com/37706-what-is-plate-tectonics.html Measurementssciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674984715000518nasa.gov/topics/earth/features/earth20110816.htmlagupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029/2011GL047450 How much stuff falls onto Earthsolarsystem.nasa.gov/asteroids-comets-and-meteors/meteors-and-meteorites/overview/?page=0&per_page=40&order=id+asc&search=&condition_1=meteor_shower%3Abody_type Earth parametersnssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/earthfact.htmlConspiracy theoriesexpansiontectonics.com/index1.htmlhttp://www.alternativephysics.org/book/ExpandingEarth.htmContinental Drifteartheclipse.com/science/geology/theory-of-continental-drift-causes-and-evidence.html youtube.com/watch?v=ovT90wYrVk4Before Pangaea earth.com/earthpedia-articles/supercontinents-101-pannotia-gondwana-and-pangeascientificamerican.com/article/earth-before-pangaea Plate tectonicshttps://ucmp.berkeley.edu/geology/techist.html frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feart.2013.00002/full royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsta.2017.0414 Mobilismgeolsoc.org.uk/Geoscientist/Archive/October-2012/100-years-of-mobilism Hydride Earthgeokniga.org/books/13596
The Truth about Human Hibernation for Space Travel Cosmos:elementary 2024-08-05 | In science fiction movies, human hibernation technology is often used for interstellar travel. How feasible is this, how is it supposed to work, have we come closer to creating such technology, and are there any real developments in this field?00:00 - Intro02:30 - Why05:46 - How13:28 - Latest researchSourcesTo Marsimage.gsfc.nasa.gov/poetry/venus/q2811.htmlmars.nasa.gov/mars2020/timeline/cruise Aubrey Mashnytimes.com/2019/12/06/world/europe/woman-survives-cardiac-arrest.html Anna Bågenholmflexitog.com/blog/flexitog-news-articles-1/how-anna-bagenholm-survived-the-lowest-body-temperature-ever-recorded-11More casesweather.gov/safety/cold-survivor Mitsutaka Uchikoshitheguardian.com/world/2006/dec/21/japan.topstories3 cnet.com/science/biology/features/chasing-ghosts-unlocking-the-mysteries-of-human-hibernation Surgeriesbbc.com/news/health-11389464Therapeutic hypothermiancbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3519955 hopkinsmedicine.org/health/treatment-tests-and-therapies/therapeutic-hypothermia-after-cardiac-arrest14 dayspubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11014530NASA and SpaceWorksnasa.gov/content/torpor-inducing-transfer-habitat-for-human-stasis-to-marsnasa.gov/sites/default/files/files/Bradford_2013_PhI_Torpor.pdfhttps://www.spaceworks.aero/cnet-torpor-mysteries-of-human-hibernation/ General infosmithsonianmag.com/air-space-magazine/hibernation-for-space-voyages-180962394 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30569200Radiationphys.org/news/2022-11-safety-space-synthetic-hibernation-cosmic.htmlnature.com/articles/s41598-022-20382-6Issuessciencealert.com/a-common-sci-fi-solution-for-long-distance-space-travel-could-be-pointless-for-humans royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rspb.2022.0456 ESAhttps://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Human_and_Robotic_Exploration/Hibernate_for_a_trip_to_Mars_the_bear_way sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0149763421004425universetoday.com/154382/could-astronauts-hibernate-on-long-space-voyages
Amazing footage of space junk #space #astronomy #cosmos_elementary Cosmos:elementary 2024-08-03 | ...
Can a system with thousands of habitable planets exist? Cosmos:elementary 2024-07-26 | Our Solar System is kind of boring. I mean, it only has eight planets. But are there any more impressive systems known to us, and what is the theoretical limit on the number of planets around a single star? And if we could design planetary systems ourselves, how many planets could we fit there? Tens? Hundreds? Thousands?Sean Raymond articles:planetplanet.net/the-ultimate-solar-system planetplanet.net/2017/05/03/the-ultimate-engineered-solar-system My video on Counter Earthyoutube.com/watch?v=ikBij1SbGs0 My video about the moon and double planetsyoutube.com/watch?v=jlnXNzQjyQI 00:00 - Intro01:45 - The reality06:56 - Habitable zone20:26 - Outside the habitable zoneSourcesKepler-90exoplanets.nasa.gov/exoplanet-catalog/6123/kepler-90bjpl.nasa.gov/images/pia22193-kepler-90-system-compared-to-our-solar-system-artists-concept Limitsiopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-3881/ab9ffe astrobiology.nasa.gov/news/how-many-habitable-zone-planets-can-orbit-a-host-star/#:~:text=Their%20model%20determined%20that%20it,six%20planets%20with%20liquid%20water. sciencealert.com/there-could-be-as-many-as-7-habitable-worlds-orbiting-around-some-distant-stars Hill spherelink.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007/978-3-662-44185-5_724http://astro.vaporia.com/start/hillradius.html Engineered systemslivescience.com/maximum-number-of-planets-orbit-sun Sean Raymond articles:planetplanet.net/the-ultimate-solar-system planetplanet.net/2017/05/03/the-ultimate-engineered-solar-system Trojan planetsarxiv.org/pdf/1901.07250.pdfarxiv.org/pdf/astro-ph/0408079.pdfarxiv.org/PS_cache/arxiv/pdf/1004/1004.0726v1.pdfCoorbital planetsnewscientist.com/article/dn20160-two-planets-found-sharing-one-orbit Calculatorweb.archive.org/web/20220602153204/http://depts.washington.edu/naivpl/sites/default/files/hz_0.shtml Sun’s surface temperaturelink.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007/978-3-642-11274-4_487Stability of systemslink.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10569-010-9288-0 arxiv.org/pdf/1703.08426.pdfEarth and Sun massesspace.com/17001-how-big-is-the-sun-size-of-the-sun.html Solar systemsolarsystem.nasa.gov/solar-system/sun/in-depth Chemical composition of the Universesciencenotes.org/what-is-the-most-abundant-element-in-the-uVisualizations lucas.bourneuf.net/blog/uess.html
What’s actually wrong with our Moon? Cosmos:elementary 2024-07-03 | Are the Moon and Earth a double planet? What makes the Moon so special? Is it time to recognize the Moon as the ninth planet of the solar system? And why do some people believe the Moon is artificial?00:00 - Intro01:41 - Why So Huge10:30 - Double Planet19:26 - 9th planet23:58 - Weird CratersSources: Large moonssciencedaily.com/releases/2022/02/220201144027.htm nature.com/articles/s41467-022-28063-8Earthnssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/earthfact.html Moonnssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/moonfact.html Jupiternssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/jupiterfact.htmlnssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/joviansatfact.html Red dwarfsuniversemagazine.com/en/tess-discovered-a-large-planet-near-a-small-starcentauri-dreams.org/2021/02/01/how-common-are-giant-planets-around-red-dwarfs IAU resolutioniau.org/static/resolutions/Resolution_GA26-5-6.pdf Double planetsciencefocus.com/space/what-is-a-binary-planet-system https://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Space_Science/SMART-1/Moon_Welcome_to_the_double_planet http://curious.astro.cornell.edu/about-us/37-our-solar-system/the-moon/the-moon-and-the-earth/42-are-earth-and-the-moon-twin-planets-beginner universetoday.com/85749/is-the-moon-a-planet space.com/2743-iau-proposed-planet-definition.html arxiv.org/pdf/1507.06300.pdf Is the Moon a planet?scirp.org/journal/paperinformation.aspx?paperid=81133 sky-lights.org/2017/01/23/qa-trajectory-of-the-moonCratersastronomy.com/magazine/ask-astro/2012/07/lunar-impacts https://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1977LPSC....8.3427P files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1174594.pdf space.com/water-ice-moon-and-mercury-craters.html skyandtelescope.org/observing/celestial-objects-to-watch/tycho-the-metropolitan-crater-of-the-moon steemit.com/science/@michaelmatthews/that-s-no-moon-it-s-a-space-station
What if the Universe Doesn’t Exist? Cosmos:elementary 2024-06-17 | Does our universe exist? It's a strange question, but there are several ideas suggesting that our universe is merely an illusion. In this video, we will discuss the universe as an illusion, the simulation hypothesis, and the holographic universe.My video on Information Paradoxyoutube.com/watch?v=LaRgY7tMDM4 My video on Fine Tuning Problemyoutube.com/watch?v=iVyU_kSnSeM My video on Horizons of the Universeyoutube.com/watch?v=QV98ZzdZMhI 00:00 - Intro02:00 - Illusion07:00 - Simulation 19:57 - HologramSourcesPerceptionhttps://zuckermaninstitute.columbia.edu/reality-illusion-world-science-festival-experts-reveal-power-and-peculiarities-brain-s-ability-senseGalaxyasd.gsfc.nasa.gov/archive/mwmw/mmw_images.htmlBostrom’s papersimulation-argument.com/simulation.pdfSimulation scientificamerican.com/article/do-we-live-in-a-simulation-chances-are-about-50-50space.com/universe-simulation-hypothesis-problemsspace.com/18932-are-we-living-in-a-computer-simulation.html space.com/30124-is-our-universe-a-fake.htmlbigthink.com/thinking/why-the-simulation-hypothesis-is-pseudoscience npr.org/sections/13.7/2017/03/09/519376356/why-reality-is-not-a-video-game-and-why-it-matterslivescience.com/54380-are-we-living-in-a-computer-simulation.html livescience.com/how-many-bits-in-the-universe https://www.wtamu.edu/~cbaird/sq/2014/09/15/could-scientists-perfectly-simulate-the-entire-universe-in-a-computer-down-to-the-last-atom quantamagazine.org/coder-physicists-are-simulating-the-universe-to-unlock-its-secrets-20180612 web.archive.org/web/20181010182334/futurism.com/sorry-elon-physicists-say-we-definitely-arent-living-in-a-computer-simulation http://advances.sciencemag.org/content/3/9/e1701758 Hologramwired.co.uk/article/our-universe-is-a-hologram#:~:text=A%20holographic%20Universe%20means%20information,and%20experience%20is%20an%20illusion.space.com/black-holes-holographic-projection-quantum-computing-study scientificamerican.com/article/information-in-the-holographic-univ/# theguardian.com/science/shortcuts/2017/jan/31/guide-to-holographic-principle-of-universefuturism.com/the-holographc-universe-principle-what-is-what-should-never-be web.archive.org/web/20140326182200/http://homepages.ihug.co.nz/~sai/hologram.html vox.com/2015/6/29/8847863/holographic-principle-universe-theory-physicsquantamagazine.org/symmetries-reveal-clues-about-the-holographic-universe-20220112 arstechnica.com/science/2020/06/natures-cosmic-hard-drive-black-holes-could-store-information-like-holograms Information paradoxiopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1742-6596/1634/1/012088/pdf
They travel to the past faster than light? Time paradox Cosmos:elementary 2024-05-31 | Tachyons are perhaps one of the strangest concepts in physics. Particles that travel faster than light and travel into the past? What might they represent, can they exist, and have there been attempts to find them?”My video on the Speed of Lightyoutube.com/watch?v=pSVPFEM7JsA My video on warp drivesyoutube.com/watch?v=ysIK-Qek8q0Videos on Imaginary Numbersyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLiaHhY2iBX9g6KIvZ_703G3KJXapKkNaF00:00 - Intro02:00 - Tachyons and imaginary mass10:51 - Tachyons and paradoxes17:58 - How to find themSourcesFeinberg’s paperjournals.aps.org/pr/abstract/10.1103/PhysRev.159.1089Imaginary numberskhanacademy.org/math/algebra2/x2ec2f6f830c9fb89:complex/x2ec2f6f830c9fb89:imaginary/a/intro-to-the-imaginary-numbers1962 paperaapt.scitation.org/doi/10.1119/1.1941773Tachyonshttps://math.ucr.edu/home/baez/physics/ParticleAndNuclear/tachyons.html space.com/tachyons-facts-about-particlesscientificamerican.com/article/what-is-known-about-tachy Paradoxeshttps://sites.pitt.edu/~jdnorton/teaching/HPS_0410/chapters/spacetime_tachyon/index.htmlhttps://sites.pitt.edu/~jdnorton/teaching/HPS_0410/chapters/spacetime_tachyon/two_spaceship_paradox.htmlCherenkov radiationiaea.org/newscenter/news/what-is-cherenkov-radiationProductsskepticalinquirer.org/newsletter/tachyons-and-other-nonentitiesFTL and time travelhttp://www.physicsmatt.com/blog/2016/8/25/why-ftl-implies-time-travelAntitelephonehttps://sci-hub.se/https://journals.aps.org/prd/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevD.2.263arxiv.org/pdf/hep-th/9508164.pdf Tachyonsarxiv.org/pdf/1112.4187.pdfSearcharxiv.org/pdf/2204.12017.pdfNeutrinosnature.com/articles/nature.2012.10249 link.springer.com/article/10.1007/JHEP10(2012)093 Black holesarxiv.org/pdf/2201.02622.pdfDark Energyarxiv.org/pdf/1811.03470.pdfarxiv.org/pdf/1311.0227.pdfDark matterarxiv.org/pdf/1601.06772.pdfSupernova remnants sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214404815000257?via%3DihubTachyon starsarxiv.org/pdf/1110.2523.pdf
Saturns rings paradox Cosmos:elementary 2024-05-18 | Saturn is a beautiful planet. Its unique rings are impressive, but scientists are still not sure how they formed, and the existing theories are inconsistent with each other. So what’s the paradox of Saturn’s rings?My video on presolar grainsyoutube.com/watch?v=cPdR4e0-SYk 00:00 - Intro02:14 - What's so special 07:15 - What are they like 12:32 - Formation SourcesGalileo and Saturn spacecentre.co.uk/blog-post/galileos-telescope-changed-our-view-of-the-solar-systemGrand Finale solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/cassini/mission/grand-finale/overviewHaumea solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/dwarf-planets/haumea/in-depth/#otp_ringsAsteroid with ringssolarsystem.nasa.gov/asteroids-comets-and-meteors/asteroids/10199-chariklo/in-depthSuper Saturn exoplanets.nasa.gov/news/184/super-saturn-astronomers-find-a-massive-ring-system-around-an-exoplanetJames Elliott nature.com/articles/267328a0 Herschel phys.org/news/2007-04-william-herschel-uranus-18th-century.htmlRings structure solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/cassini/science/rings space.com/23235-rings-of-saturn.htmlPhoebe ringplanetary.org/articles/2165How much falls onto Earth scientificamerican.com/article/antarctic-study-shows-how-much-space-dust-hits-earth-every-yearHypothesesarxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/0912/0912.3017.pdfarxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/2205/2205.06914.pdfDisrupted moon space.com/saturn-destroyed-moon-to-make-ringshttps://news.mit.edu/2022/saturn-rings-tilt-missing-moon-0915arxiv.org/pdf/1709.08768.pdfPart of the moon nature.com/articles/news.2010.515https://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/lpsc2011/pdf/2151.pdf More on agequantamagazine.org/are-saturns-rings-really-as-young-as-the-dinosaurs-20191121They will soon disappear?solarsystem.nasa.gov/news/794/nasa-research-reveals-saturn-is-losing-its-rings-at-worst-case-scenario-rate
Can we teleport a person to another planet? Cosmos:elementary 2024-05-02 | Each of us has dreamt at least once about being able to teleport. But is it actually possible or even a good idea?My video on warp drivesyoutube.com/watch?v=ysIK-Qek8q0 My video on speed of lightyoutube.com/watch?v=pSVPFEM7JsA 00:00 - Intro02:04 - History and Feasibility 10:08 - Teleporting a human20:45 - Quantum teleportationSources:In Culturebigthink.com/hard-science/history-of-teleportationThe man without a Bodyhttps://gutenberg.net.au/ebooks06/0602521h.html#03 To Venus in 5 secondsarchive.org/details/ToVenusInFiveSeconds/page/n21/mode/2upThe wordmerriam-webster.com/dictionary/teleportation#h1US air force papersgp.fas.org/eprint/teleport.pdfTime estimatesnbcnews.com/science/space/trouble-teleportation-it-could-take-quadrillions-years-f6C10817487web.archive.org/web/20200205184719/http://www2.le.ac.uk/offices/press/press-releases/2013/july/to-infinity-and-beyond-teleporting-humans-into-spaceDaniel Whiteson bookswired.com/story/why-cant-people-teleportQuantum teleportationhttps://www.rochester.edu/newscenter/quantum-teleportation-to-improve-quantum-computing-441352/nii.ac.jp/userimg/press_20140630e.pdfextremetech.com/extreme/140550-first-teleportation-of-macroscopic-objects-leads-the-way-to-quantum-internetTeleporting a particle to spacepopularmechanics.com/science/news/a27271/chinese-scientists-successfully-teleported-a-particle-to-spaceBose-Einstein condensate iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0256-307X/29/6/060303
The dumbest conspiracy theory Cosmos:elementary 2024-04-22 | There is a somewhat popular conspiracy theory that claims that for more than 12 000 years an alien satellite has been spying on us from the Earth’s orbit. The object is known as The Black Knight. Allegedly there’s lots of evidence for that. So let’s talk about that evidence and much more.00:00 - Intro02:13 - Basics08:29 - Tesla and LDEs17:31 - Satellites and photosSources: Imageseol.jsc.nasa.gov/SearchPhotos/photo.pl?mission=STS088&roll=724&frame=66eol.jsc.nasa.gov/SearchPhotos/photo.pl?mission=STS088&roll=724&frame=68Izaruniverseguide.com/star/122716/epsbooaReviewspace.com/what-is-the-black-knight.htmlarmaghplanet.com/the-truth-about-the-black-knight-satellite-mystery.html atlasobscura.com/articles/the-weird-history-of-the-space-blankethttp://www.jamesoberg.com/sts88_and-black-knight.pdfskeptoid.com/episodes/4365Teslahttp://www.tfcbooks.com/tesla/1901-02-09.htmweb.archive.org/web/20120925002154/http://www.thedenvereye.com/nikola-tesla-in-colorado-springs LDEhttps://www.mn.uio.no/fysikk/english/people/aca/sverre/articles/lde.htmlvice.com/en/article/ezpg8p/radio-ghosts-have-haunted-the-airwaves-for-nearly-a-centuryCoronaweb.archive.org/web/20170307164402/cia.gov/news-information/featured-story-archive/2010-featured-story-archive/corona-the-nation2019s-first-photoreconnaissance-satellite.htmlairforcemag.com/article/0995coronacia.gov/static/3d24f7019bf7e718fd1d2a5c57e6a646/corona.pdf content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,894745-1,00.html Lunanhttp://www.duncanlunan.com/blackknight.asphttp://www.duncanlunan.com/epsilonbootis.asp NASA reportweb.archive.org/web/20100522021755/http://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/20060024715_2006175325.pdfVideosyoutube.com/watch?v=6omlycVMOcwyoutube.com/watch?v=IXqw6NpCwIg youtube.com/watch?v=3Bqaa8n6bKYMayayoutube.com/watch?v=rgfFXgTsSbc
What are 3 Horizons of the Universe and can we get there? Cosmos:elementary 2024-04-05 | Where does the Universe End? What are the three horizons of the Universe? How can we see galaxies that are moving away from us faster than light? My video on the Axis of Evilyoutube.com/watch?v=m3JtwgTfpdg 00:00 - Intro01:14 - Particle Horizon11:55 - Hubble Horizon18:49 - Event HorizonSourcesNeutrino Backgroundarxiv.org/abs/1602.03347http://lib.sinp.msu.ru/static/tutorials/01_textbook/index-314.htmSpectral Distortionsarxiv.org/abs/1903.04218arxiv.org/pdf/1907.13195.pdfBICEP 2nature.com/news/gravitational-waves-discovery-now-officially-dead-1.16830Observable Universesciencealert.com/known-universe-in-one-single-image-logarithmic-artwork-pablo-carlos-budassiscience.nasa.gov/observable-universeParticle Horizonarxiv.org/pdf/1302.1609.pdfCMBsciencefocus.com/space/will-the-cosmic-microwave-background-disappear/#:~:text=Yes.,will%20no%20longer%20be%20detectable.Size of the Universe livescience.com/how-big-universe.htmlLast Scattering Surfacemap.gsfc.nasa.gov/media/990053/index.htmlhttps://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/level5/Glossary/Essay_lss.htmlAccelerated Expansionhttps://www.aa.com.tr/en/science-technology/scientists-release-largest-ever-3d-map-of-universe/1916922#:~:text=Published%20online%20late%20Sunday%2C%20the,billion%20years%20that%20came%20before.%E2%80%9D&text=Scientists%20estimate%20that%20the%20universe,%2Dbillion%2Dyears%2Dold.Cosmological Horizonshttps://cds.cern.ch/record/679214/files/0310808.pdfarxiv.org/pdf/1302.1609.pdfaapt.scitation.org/doi/10.1119/1.5088465Diagramphysics.stackexchange.com/questions/67412/what-is-the-theoretical-limit-for-farthest-we-can-see-back-in-time-and-distance/67541#67541
Black holes shoot gravity lasers? Grazers, Masers and Lasers in space Cosmos:elementary 2024-03-22 | What are gravity lasers.? In this video, we'll talk about regular lasers, masers and grasers and how they work. Also how can they arise naturally in space. 00:00 - Intro01:36 - Use And how they work13:00 - Masers and Lasers in Space19:09 - Gravity LasersSources:Laserslasers.llnl.gov/education/how-lasers-work#:~:text=A%20laser%20is%20created%20when,orbit%20around%20the%20atom's%20nucleus.science.howstuffworks.com/laser.htmRuby lasersciencedirect.com/topics/biochemistry-genetics-and-molecular-biology/ruby-laser sites.google.com/site/puenggphysics/home/unit-i/ruby-laser#:~:text=The%20ruby%20laser%20is%20the,absorbing%20green%20and%20blue%20light. Masershttps://astronomy.swin.edu.au/cosmos/m/Masershttps://www.cfa.harvard.edu/research/topic/masersastrobites.org/2013/10/28/giant-space-masersarxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1104/1104.2306.pdf Astrophysical lasersacademic.oup.com/book/6534 http://www.mathnet.ru/links/3d7ec5b6eaa267d46f421ee70e5904ed/qe2349.pdf hubblesite.org/contents/media/images/1996/06/396-Image.html?news=true laserstars.org/news/EtaCarinae.html laserstars.org/history/masers.htmlsciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/0019103583901070Gravitonssciencefocus.com/science/what-are-gravitons-and-do-they-really-existpbs.org/wgbh/nova/article/what-are-gravitonshttps://usm.maine.edu/planet/you-mention-einsteins-description-gravity-not-force-between-particles-deformations-their Gravity Lasersarxiv.org/pdf/1807.03163.pdf arxiv.org/pdf/1604.02762.pdfarxiv.org/pdf/physics/9802037.pdfhttps://indico.cern.ch/event/593812/contributions/2569809/attachments/1468081/2270439/Black_Hole_Graviton_Laser_TIME_BOMB.pdf
Is this the Death of Dark Matter? Cosmos:elementary 2024-03-11 | Dark matter has become an important part of the modern cosmological model. But some say it’s time to get rid of Dark Matter. Does it have any viable alternatives? My video on the Missing Satellite Problem youtube.com/watch?v=Yx1BDLDXtrE My video on what stars actually orbityoutube.com/watch?v=sQDlVLyHqgY00:00 - Intro03:52 - Evidence for Dark Matter14:57 - Arguments against Dark Matter and alternativesSourcesDark matterpnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.1516944112https://magazine.caltech.edu/post/where-is-dark-matter-hiding Red Dwarfshubblesite.org/contents/news-releases/1994/news-1994-41.htmlProblems of Dark Matterforbes.com/sites/startswithabang/2020/12/22/the-one-big-problem-with-all-alternatives-to-dark-matter-and-dark-energy/?sh=1a6b4d247f55skyandtelescope.org/astronomy-news/the-alignment-of-the-milky-ways-entourage-explained eso.org/public/russia/news/1217/?langMOND and CMBphys.org/news/2021-10-mond-theory-account-cosmic-microwave.htmlMOND and Bullet Clusterhttp://backreaction.blogspot.com/2017/01/the-bullet-cluster-as-evidence-against.htmlBullet Clusterforbes.com/sites/startswithabang/2017/11/09/the-bullet-cluster-proves-dark-matter-exists-but-not-for-the-reason-most-physicists-think/?sh=4e906d611738 arxiv.org/pdf/1003.0939.pdfA galaxy without dark mattersciencealert.com/physicists-have-just-revived-a-previously-debunked-alternative-theory-of-gravityLensingarstechnica.com/science/2020/09/dark-matter-models-get-most-of-the-universe-right-but-fail-in-the-detailsacademic.oup.com/mnras/article/327/2/557/1040696 Rotation curves and External Field Effectphys.org/news/2020-12-unique-gravity-dark-theory.htmliopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-4357/abbb96Mond and clusteraanda.org/articles/aa/full_html/2017/02/aa29358-16/aa29358-16.htmlarxiv.org/abs/1810.03089Mond and Philosophy of Sciencedoi.org/10.1017/9781108610926.010Reveiwmdpi.com/2073-8994/14/7/1331space.com/ditch-dark-matter-new-theory-gravityphys.org/news/2022-07-dark-ditch-favor-theory-gravity.htmlSuperfluid dark matterhttps://penntoday.upenn.edu/news/physicist-theorizes-dark-matter-superfluidarxiv.org/pdf/1507.01019.pdf Some Lecturesyoutube.com/watch?v=U4sw3-__pGoyoutube.com/watch?v=iu7LDGhSi1A
How to colonize the galaxy on a planet-spaceship? Cosmos:elementary 2024-02-22 | Could we colonize the galaxy without faster-than-light travel? Or technologies like warp drives and using wormholes? Let’s talk about how to use a planet to travel the galaxyMy video about Warp drivesyoutube.com/watch?v=ysIK-Qek8q0 My video about Photon drivesyoutube.com/watch?v=Hy8UENnl3CA Мое видео о гравитационных маневрах youtube.com/watch?v=nomqNrTc0wc My video about gravity assistsyoutube.com/watch?v=ZXEcCx9M4IU 00:00 - Into 03:47 - The Idea08:32 - Scenarios16:05 - How to do itSourcesClosest approachiopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/2041-8205/800/1/L17Early humanssmithsonianmag.com/science-nature/essential-timeline-understanding-evolution-homo-sapiens-180976807Proxima Centauri imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov/features/cosmic/nearest_star_info.htmlOort cloudsolarsystem.nasa.gov/solar-system/oort-cloud/overviewRogue planetsearthsky.org/space/rogue-planets-milky-way-roman-space-telescopeearthsky.org/space/50-billion-free-floating-planets-in-milky-wayarxiv.org/pdf/1902.04652.pdfiopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-3881/aba75beso.org/public/news/eso2120theconversation.com/rogue-planets-how-wandering-bodies-in-interstellar-space-ended-up-on-their-own-174622planetary.org/articles/is-life-possible-on-worlds-without-starsThe studycambridge.org/core/journals/international-journal-of-astrobiology/article/migrating-extraterrestrial-civilizations-and-interstellar-colonization-implications-for-seti-and-seta/BFFC1BB63FED869C85172BB3CC88DBBB phys.org/news/2022-05-extraterrestrial-civilizations-colonize-galaxy-dont.htmlhttp://www.sci-news.com/astronomy/cosmic-hitchhikers-10856.html
Myths and misconceptions about the speed of light Cosmos:elementary 2024-02-10 | There are lots of Myths and misconceptions about the speed of light, and I’m going to cover several of them in this video.Veritasium videoyoutube.com/watch?v=pTn6Ewhb27k PBS Space time on Speed of Causality youtube.com/watch?v=msVuCEs8Ydo Tom Scott’s videoyoutube.com/watch?v=tozuzV5YZ7U Sources: Speed offorbes.com/sites/quora/2018/07/02/does-anything-other-than-light-travel-at-the-speed-of-lightSpeed of gravitysciencealert.com/speed-of-gravitational-waves-and-light-same Sean M. Carroll’s interviewyoutube.com/watch?v=fOeLjD-dZjcGravitonhttp://curious.astro.cornell.edu/physics/137-physics/general-physics/particles-and-quantum-physics/813-what-is-a-graviton-intermediate Neutrinos and supernovaephysicsworld.com/a/new-correction-to-speed-of-light-could-explain-sn1987-neutrino-burst Speed of causalityforbes.com/sites/jillianscudder/2016/06/24/is-cause-effect-limited-by-the-speed-of-light/?sh=514116221a58 sciencealert.com/watch-why-the-speed-of-light-is-not-about-light Why it slows downmoviesandscience.com/blog/science/refractive-indexhttp://curious.astro.cornell.edu/about-us/133-physics/general-physics/general-questions/832-is-the-speed-of-light-constant-beginnerPolaritonsciencedirect.com/topics/chemistry/polariton mappingignorance.org/2018/01/25/what-on-earth-is-a-polaritonnature.com/subjects/polaritons Freezing of lightsciencedaily.com/releases/2013/08/130806111151.htmphysics.aps.org/articles/v6/80physics.aps.org/articles/v10/s25Speed limitforbes.com/sites/startswithabang/2018/10/09/the-universe-has-a-speed-limit-and-it-isnt-the-speed-of-light/?sh=a782bac75549How to measure itarxiv.org/pdf/2012.12037.pdfuniversetoday.com/149554/theres-no-way-to-measure-the-speed-of-light-in-a-single-direction arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1011/1011.1318.pdfusers.physics.ox.ac.uk/~rtaylor/teaching/specrel.pdflink.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10701-020-00337-5link.springer.com/article/10.1140/epjd/e2012-20524-8arxiv.org/pdf/1212.2259.pdfarxiv.org/pdf/1310.1171.pdf arxiv.org/pdf/0911.3616.pdfaapt.scitation.org/doi/10.1119/1.3160665scienceabc.com/pure-sciences/could-what-we-consider-as-the-speed-of-light-be-wrong.html spaceaustralia.com/news/one-way-speed-lighthttps://plato.stanford.edu/entries/spacetime-convensimul/ link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12648-012-0112-4Galaxy distortions sites.ualberta.ca/~pogosyan/teaching/ASTRO_122/lect24/lecture24.html universetoday.com/21998/the-diameter-of-the-milky-wayastronomy.stackexchange.com/questions/43739/how-distorted-will-our-galaxy-be-if-we-are-viewing-it-from-several-thousand-ligh
What if there was no Big Bang? Alternatives to the Big Bang Theory Cosmos:elementary 2024-01-29 | The Big Bang Theory is the most widely accepted description of the evolution of the Universe. But it has its problems and critics, so why is it so popular? Can it be wrong? What alternatives does it have? Sources Big Bang Theoryacademic.oup.com/astrogeo/article/54/2/2.28/302975phys.org/news/2015-12-big-theory.htmlbig-bang-theory.comspace.com/25126-big-bang-theory.htmlEinstein's static universearxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1701/1701.07261.pdf sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0550321317301232 Hubblenasa.gov/centers/marshall/history/hubble02.html wired.com/2009/12/1230hubble-first-galaxy-outside-milky-way Problemscience.howstuffworks.com/dictionary/astronomy-terms/big-bang-theory7.htmforbes.com/sites/jamiecartereurope/2020/05/14/is-it-time-to-dethrone-the-big-bang-theory-heres-how-you-overthrow-it/?sh=4c785d5c20d9 bigthink.com/starts-with-a-bang/big-bang-beginning-universeAlternativesinterestingengineering.com/5-alternatives-to-the-big-bang-theoryspace.com/24781-big-bang-theory-alternatives-infographic.htmlspace.com/big-bang-failed-alternative-theoriesEkpyrotic Universeweb.archive.org/web/20220710210027/wwwphy.princeton.edu/~steinh/npr Steady-statehttps://www.astro.ucla.edu/~wright/stdystat.htmTired Lightscience.org/content/article/tired-light-hypothesis-gets-re-tiredMultiverse https://space.mit.edu/home/tegmark/PDF/multiverse_sciam.pdf
What is a NAKED SINGULARITY and does it exist? Cosmos:elementary 2024-01-22 | We are used to hearing about singularities in black holes... but what are naked singularities? What do they represent, and can they exist? Today, we will discuss this as well as singularities in general.My video about how we know that black holes existyoutube.com/watch?v=G04QFPUsyZ0 My video about black hole alternativesyoutube.com/watch?v=_3y5AdxQ2gU My video about Black Hole Information paradoxyoutube.com/watch?v=LaRgY7tMDM4 Sources: Singularitieslivescience.com/what-is-singularity https://astronomy.swin.edu.au/cosmos/s/Singularity https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/spacetime-singularities/ einstein-online.info/en/spotlight/the-singularity-theoremeinstein-online.info/en/spotlight/singularities newengineer.com/blog/what-is-singularity-1335096mathworld.wolfram.com/Singularity.htmlwolframphysics.org/bulletins/2020/05/event-horizons-singularities-and-other-exotic-spacetime-phenomenaprateekvjoshi.com/2014/02/07/what-is-a-singularity merriam-webster.com/dictionary/singularity https://www.wtamu.edu/~cbaird/sq/2013/09/13/does-every-black-hole-contain-a-singularity/ Penrose’s paperjournals.aps.org/prl/pdf/10.1103/PhysRevLett.14.57Cosmic Censorshiphttps://astronomy.swin.edu.au/cosmos/C/cosmic+censorship+conjecture arxiv.org/pdf/2012.01449.pdf link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10701-021-00432-1 Naked Singularitysciencealert.com/physicists-say-they-ve-found-a-way-to-detect-a-naked-singularity sciencealert.com/naked-singularities-can-actually-exist-in-a-three-dimensional-universe-physicists-predictspace.com/do-naked-singularities-exist sciencealert.com/a-five-dimensional-black-hole-could-break-general-relativity-say-physicistsModelsarxiv.org/pdf/2205.11639.pdfarxiv.org/pdf/2205.04055.pdfarxiv.org/pdf/2011.06154.pdfarxiv.org/pdf/2003.06943.pdfarxiv.org/pdf/2004.06525.pdfarxiv.org/pdf/2204.09891.pdfarxiv.org/pdf/2109.02414.pdfarxiv.org/pdf/2105.03730.pdfarxiv.org/pdf/2003.06943.pdfarxiv.org/pdf/1709.07880.pdf
SPACE IS NOT COLD! From the Big Bang to Earth Cosmos:elementary 2023-12-28 | Many believe that space is cold. In movies, they sometimes show a person freezing instantly when exposed to open space without a spacesuit. But would that actually happen? In this video I will answer that question as well as talk about the coldest places in the universe, interstellar and intergalactic space, cosmic microwave background radiation, and absolute black bodies.My video about the CMB and the Axis of Evilyoutube.com/watch?v=WVUuPNUhAww00:00 - Intro01:27 - The meaning 06:49 - Solar system, Interstellar, Intergalactic23:01 - Big Bang, Radiation and the Coldest PlacesSources Atmospheric densityengineeringtoolbox.com/standard-atmosphere-d_604.htmlISS orbiteol.jsc.nasa.gov/Tools/orbitTutorial.htmarstechnica.com/science/2013/07/how-nasa-steers-the-international-space-station-around-space-junkGas temperaturegrc.nasa.gov/www/k-12/airplane/temptr.htmlTemperature and Heatenergyeducation.ca/encyclopedia/Heat_vs_temperaturesocratic.org/questions/58189eae11ef6b1f14d6a27d https://www.education.vic.gov.au/school/teachers/teachingresources/discipline/science/continuum/Pages/particles.aspxThermospherehttps://scied.ucar.edu/learning-zone/atmosphere/thermosphereParker Solar Probenasa.gov/feature/goddard/2018/traveling-to-the-sun-why-won-t-parker-solar-probe-meltphysics.aps.org/articles/v14/176Heat transferhttps://www3.uwsp.edu/cnr-ap/KEEP/nres633/Pages/Unit2/Section-B-Energy-Transfer.aspxHow fastbusinessinsider.com/how-long-human-survive-outer-space-without-spacesuit-2017-5ISSscience.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/2001/ast21mar_1 Spacesuits nasa.gov/feature/spacewalk-spacesuit-basicsMercurysolarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/mercury/in-depth eso.org/public/outreach/eduoff/vt-2004/mt-2003/mt-mercury-rotation.htmlPhobossolarsystem.nasa.gov/moons/mars-moons/phobos/in-depthPlutouniversetoday.com/13893/temperature-of-plutoAbsolute Zeroblogs.scientificamerican.com/observations/racing-toward-absolute-zeroJames Webb Space Telescopespace.com/james-webb-space-telescope-mirrors-temperatureblogs.nasa.gov/webb/2022/04/21/is-webb-at-its-final-temperature webb.nasa.gov/content/about/innovations/cryocooler.htmlwebb.nasa.gov/content/about/orbit.html Interstellar Gashttps://astronomy.swin.edu.au/cosmos/I/interstellar+gas+cloudIntergalactic Gashttps://astronomy.swin.edu.au/cosmos/i/Intergalactic+Mediumhttps://www.esa.int/ESA_Multimedia/Images/2013/11/Hot_gas_sloshing_in_a_galactic_cauldronIn Spacehttps://sitn.hms.harvard.edu/flash/2013/space-human-bodyforbes.com/sites/paulmsutter/2019/04/05/you-will-not-freeze-to-death-in-space/?sh=368ba9dc6523 livescience.com/human-body-no-spacesuitbusinessinsider.com/how-long-human-survive-outer-space-without-spacesuit-2017-5Thermal Radiationsciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/thermal-radiationhttps://astronomy.swin.edu.au/cosmos/T/Thermal+Radiationhttps://astronomy.swin.edu.au/cosmos/n/Non-thermal+RadiationCMBbigthink.com/starts-with-a-bang/universe-temperature https://www.princeton.edu/~romalis/PHYS210/CMBTemperature.pdfBlack Bodyhttps://phet.colorado.edu/sims/html/blackbody-spectrum/latest/blackbody-spectrum_en.htmlhttps://astronomy.swin.edu.au/cosmos/B/Blackbody+Radiation Boomerang Nebulahttps://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Space_Science/The_Boomerang_Nebula_-_the_coolest_place_in_the_Universe_heic0301sciencealert.com/scientists-can-finally-explain-why-the-boomerang-nebula-is-colder-than-space-itselfhttps://public.nrao.edu/news/2017-alma-boomerang/#PRimage0web.archive.org/web/20060901031441/http://www.smh.com.au/articles/2003/02/20/1045638427695.html
What if time doesn’t exist? Cosmos:elementary 2023-12-16 | Scientists and philosophers have been arguing about the nature of time for millenia. Some even claim that it may not exist at all. But what does that mean? What is time and how can it not exist? 00:00 - Intro02:22 - What does it mean?6:33 - Time in different theories18:33 - Philosophy of TimeSources: Colorsmedium.com/predict/what-color-is-everything-when-nobody-is-looking-aefaee67dcf2askamathematician.com/2012/06/q-do-colors-existDictionarymerriam-webster.com/dictionary/time#:~:text=Synonyms%20of%20time-,1,past%20through%20present%20to%20future Aristotele oxford.universitypressscholarship.com/view/10.1093/0199247900.001.0001/acprof-9780199247905Time dilationlivescience.com/what-is-time-dilationArrows of timehttps://web.physics.ucsb.edu/~quniverse/arrows.htmlTime and loop quantum gravityarxiv.org/pdf/1802.02382.pdfspace.com/time-might-not-exist-according-to-physicists Is time realnature.com/articles/d41586-018-04558-7preposterousuniverse.com/blog/2013/10/18/is-time-realbigthink.com/starts-with-a-bang/does-time-exist-182965thoughtco.com/does-time-really-exist-2699430livescience.com/29081-time-real-illusion-smolin.html quantamagazine.org/a-debate-over-the-physics-of-time-20160719quantamagazine.org/does-time-really-flow-new-clues-come-from-a-century-old-approach-to-math-20200407 Block Universehttps://www.abc.net.au/news/science/2018-09-02/block-universe-theory-time-past-present-future-travel/10178386interestingengineering.com/block-universe-theory-is-the-passing-of-time-an-illusionTime in QMarxiv.org/pdf/2106.15088.pdffrontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2018.00081/fulllink.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-540-70626-7_221arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/2203/2203.13196.pdfPresentism, Eternalism, Growing Block Universehttps://plato.stanford.edu/entries/time/ https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/time-thermo/https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/presentism/ https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/spacetime-bebecome/
Is asteroid mining a dumb idea? Cosmos:elementary 2023-11-30 | You might have heard about asteroids that are worth billions or even trillions of dollars, because they have lots of valuable resources like gold and platinum. So it’s only logical that people would want to get those resources. But is it actually a good idea and is it even possible? My video on Mars Oneyoutube.com/watch?v=tNu4mAsqS8M 00:00 - Intro02:47 - What's there on asteroids7:43 - How do we know it?17:43 - How to mine25:20 - Actual companies SourcesAsteroid typessolarsystem.nasa.gov/asteroids-comets-and-meteors/asteroids/in-depthAsteroid valueshttp://www.asterank.comCompositionhttp://curious.astro.cornell.edu/about-us/72-our-solar-system/comets-meteors-and-asteroids/asteroids/295-how-are-asteroid-compositions-and-classifications-determined-intermediateOsiris-Rexnasa.gov/press-release/nasa-s-osiris-rex-successfully-stows-sample-of-asteroid-bennuHED meteoriteshttps://meteorites.asu.edu/achondrites/hed-meteoritesNEOscneos.jpl.nasa.gov/about/neo_groups.htmlAsteroid redirect missionjpl.nasa.gov/missions/asteroid-redirect-robotic-mission-arrmLawsiopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1757-899X/738/1/012014/pdf theguardian.com/business/2016/feb/06/asteroid-mining-space-minerals-legal-issues arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/2011/2011.03369.pdf Economicsarxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1810/1810.03836.pdfCompaniesasteroidminingcorporation.co.uktransastracorp.com/apis-spacecraft MIT reviewtechnologyreview.com/2019/06/26/134510/asteroid-mining-bubble-burst-historyMiningarxiv.org/pdf/1808.05099.pdf sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0273117720304142?via%3Dihuboxfordre.com/planetaryscience/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190647926.001.0001/acrefore-9780190647926-e-13 https://lup.lub.lu.se/luur/download?func=downloadFile&recordOId=8882371&fileOId=8884121https://calhoun.nps.edu/bitstream/handle/10945/67738/21Jun_Ho_Kenny.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=yPlanetary resources liebertpub.com/doi/10.1089/space.2013.0013space.com/39363-planetary-resources-asteroid-mining-satellite-launches.html https://www.consensys.space/DSIspace.com/42906-deep-space-industries-acquired-by-bradford-space.htmlPhysics of mining academic.oup.com/astrogeo/article/54/5/5.10/249823
Can planets be sentient? Cosmos:elementary 2023-11-22 | What is planetary intelligence? Let’s talk about what it is, whether it could help us to search for extraterrestrial intelligence. 00:00 - Intro01:45 - Biosignatures15:08 - Tehcnosignatures18:56 - Planetary intelligenceSources: Biosignaturesliebertpub.com/doi/10.1089/ast.2017.1729 space.com/39476-alien-life-biosignature-gases-oxygen.htmlarxiv.org/pdf/1905.07070v1.pdf planetary.org/articles/how-spectroscopy-helps-search-for-alien-lifeTehcnosignaturesphys.org/news/2022-02-webb-telescope-civilizations-air-pollution.htmlarxiv.org/pdf/2202.05858.pdfastrobiology.nasa.gov/news/technosignatures-and-the-search-for-extraterrestrial-intelligencePlanetary intelligencecambridge.org/core/journals/international-journal-of-astrobiology/article/intelligence-as-a-planetary-scale-process/5077C784D7FAC55F96072F7A7772C5E5space.com/search-for-planetary-intelligence-astrobiologyphys.org/news/2022-02-planet-mind.htmlhttp://www.sci-news.com/space/planetary-intelligence-10576.html
How can emptiness destroy the Universe at any moment / False vacuum decay Cosmos:elementary 2023-10-14 | There is a nonzero probability that the Universe could be destroyed at any moment, and the reason for that could be the False Vacuum. In this video, we will discuss cosmic emptiness, the decay of the false vacuum, how likely such an event is, and how it could occur.Sources:Vacuumhttp://www.calphysics.org/zpe.htmlhttps://www.wtamu.edu/~cbaird/sq/2012/12/20/what-keeps-space-empty/ medium.com/nakshatra/the-nature-of-nothingness-understanding-the-vacuum-catastrophe-c04033e752f4sciencenotes.org/what-is-a-perfect-vacuum-is-it-possiblescience.org/content/article/physicists-observe-weird-quantum-fluctuations-empty-space-maybe Lamb Shiftforbes.com/sites/startswithabang/2020/11/17/quantum-fluctuations-were-experimentally-proven-way-back-in-1947https://courses.washington.edu/phys432/lamb_shift/lamb_shift.pdfjournals.aps.org/pr/abstract/10.1103/PhysRev.72.339Casimir effectscientificamerican.com/article/what-is-the-casimir-effec https://math.ucr.edu/home/baez/physics/Quantum/casimir.html Fluctuationssciencedaily.com/releases/2018/08/180820113053.htmnature.com/articles/s41567-018-0264-zLIGOhttps://www.ligo.caltech.edu/LA/news/ligo20200701 nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2420-8Higgs Fieldarxiv.org/pdf/2104.06821.pdfsciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405601415009529 arxiv.org/pdf/1711.03877.pdf Dark Energyarxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1111/1111.4623.pdfarxiv.org/pdf/2111.12576.pdf science.nasa.gov/astrophysics/focus-areas/what-is-dark-energyFalse Vacuum Decayjournals.aps.org/prd/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevD.15.2929doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139013352.010doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201817709001bigthink.com/starts-with-a-bang/universe-false-vacuumcosmosmagazine.com/science/physics/vacuum-decay-the-ultimate-catastrophespace.com/universe-end-false-vacuum-decay bigthink.com/hard-science/vacuum-decay-end-of-the-universemedium.com/predict/our-unstable-universe-why-the-false-vacuum-could-be-our-end-82ee4a668bd4medium.com/the-infinite-universe/the-universe-may-be-a-false-vacuum-bubble-961e1a177e52scientificamerican.com/article/follow-up-what-is-the-zerarxiv.org/pdf/1304.2796.pdfarxiv.org/pdf/1611.04935.pdfweb.archive.org/web/20210819191812/http://shortbus.org/x/p3305_1.pdfHiggs Vacuumarxiv.org/pdf/1809.06923.pdfHiggs Bosonhttps://home.cern/news/series/lhc-physics-ten/higgs-boson-what-makes-it-specialStabilityarxiv.org/pdf/1704.06884.pdfarxiv.org/pdf/1209.0393.pdf https://cms.cern/news/two-most-massive-quarks-put-spotlight-higgs-bosonarxiv.org/pdf/1505.04825.pdfarxiv.org/pdf/hep-ph/0104016.pdf
WAS THE UNIVERSE CREATED FOR US? Fine-tuning problem Cosmos:elementary 2023-02-16 | The universe seems to be fine-tuned for the existence of life. If some of the parameters that describe the universe were to change even slightly there would be no stars, planets and humans. Does this problem really exist and what are the solutions? My video on antimatteryoutube.com/watch?v=GwHHP2yH_vw Sources: Fine-tuning, history, solutionshttps://plato.stanford.edu/entries/fine-tuning/arxiv.org/pdf/2110.07783.pdfarxiv.org/pdf/2012.05617.pdftempleton.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Fine-tuning-research-1.pdf 6 constantsweb.archive.org/web/20140722210250/http://discovermagazine.com/2000/nov/cover List of fundamental constantsphysics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Category?view=pdf&Frequently+used+constants.x=64&Frequently+used+constants.y=22Particle masses and ratiosphysics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Category?view=pdf&Atomic+and+nuclear.x=71&Atomic+and+nuclear.y=8The universe without the weak forcearxiv.org/pdf/1801.06081.pdfMultiversehttps://space.mit.edu/home/tegmark/PDF/multiverse_sciam.pdfAnthropic principleforbes.com/sites/startswithabang/2017/01/26/how-the-anthropic-principle-became-the-most-abused-idea-in-science
Flying to the center of the Milky Way Cosmos:elementary 2023-02-08 | what will we see in the center of our Galaxy?
The biggest scam in the history of space exploration? / Mars One Cosmos:elementary 2023-02-02 | Establishing the first ever human colony on Mars and making a reality show out of it…that sounds crazy. But the company that apparently wanted to do it existed for about 10 years. Let’s talk about the history of Mars One. My video on colonizing Marsyoutube.com/watch?v=RYklurD__is00:00 - Into01:30 - The Plan06:16 - The company08:38 - The technology17:51 - The Money23:29 - The PeopleSources:Official websitehttp://mars-one.comArchived websiteweb.archive.org/web/*/http://mars-one.com2013 conferenceyoutube.com/watch?v=27UDD70cQ4YArticles on Mars One2014 Medium.commedium.com/matter/all-dressed-up-for-mars-and-nowhere-to-go-7e76df527ca02015businessinsider.com/strange-video-interviews-with-mars-one-finalists-2015-2medium.com/matter/mars-one-insider-quits-dangerously-flawed-project-2dfef95217d3 time.com/3716823/mars-one-space-travel-finalistbusinessinsider.com/mars-one-trip-wont-work-2015-2 theguardian.com/science/2015/feb/09/mars-one-mission-a-one-way-trip-to-the-red-planet-in-20242016thespacereview.com/article/3080/1Bankruptcy forbes.com/sites/jonathanocallaghan/2019/02/11/goodbye-mars-one-the-fake-mission-to-mars-that-fooled-the-world/?sh=72b5e7042af5npr.org/2019/02/12/693945694/mars-one-fizzles-into-bankruptcy-after-promising-a-new-life-in-spaceDebatesyoutube.com/watch?v=_XUl8xw0YwgPerseverance cost planetary.org/space-policy/cost-of-perseveranceEndemolspacenews.com/mars-one-loses-television-dealCrowdfunding indiegogo.com/projects/mars-one-first-private-mars-mission-in-2018#Star Citizeneurogamer.net/articles/2021-11-20-star-citizen-crosses-the-usd400m-raised-markBusiness database https://www.zefix.ch/en/search/entity/list/firm/1018723bloomberg.com/profile/company/KCC:GRpitchbook.com/profiles/company/167313-52#funding ADStandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14777622.2017.1288512meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EPSC2013/EPSC2013-1077.pdfIndependent analysis https://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/103973/de%20Weck_An%20independent.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=yParagon’s paperforum.nasaspaceflight.com/index.php?PHPSESSID=jt2688nlute0ehlbt6mff95skk&action=dlattach;topic=37937.0;attach=1037001;sess=0Lansdorp’s twittertwitter.com/baslansdorp
Why do Flat Earthers ask NASA to do this? Cosmos:elementary 2023-01-31 | Why does flat earther's request to show the Entire Earth using the Hubble space telescope make no sense
What if we put all planets between Earth and the Moon? Cosmos:elementary 2023-01-25 | What would happen if we placed all of them planets between Earth and the Moon?
How to tell a planet from a star Cosmos:elementary 2023-01-22 | Planets and stars may look similar in the sky, but there is an easy way to tell them apart without telescopes or special apps.
RED SKY PARADOX. How to solve it? Cosmos:elementary 2023-01-12 | In this video we are going to talk about a weird red sky paradox. About solutions, and about red dwarfs.SourcesNearest Starsspace.com/18964-the-nearest-stars-to-earth-infographic.htmlastrosociety.org/file_download/inline/c35f3aca-f235-4e77-8b95-33541652d289 Red sky paradoxpnas.org/content/118/26/e2026808118arxiv.org/pdf/2106.11207.pdfsciencealert.com/why-the-heck-aren-t-we-orbiting-a-red-dwarf-star astrobites.org/2021/08/24/red-sky-paradoxRed dwarfsspace.com/23772-red-dwarf-stars.htmlastronomy.com/magazine/2019/01/why-does-the-universe-make-so-many-tiny-stars https://sites.lsa.umich.edu/lhartm/research/what-determines-the-masses-of-stars-and-why-do-stars-form-in-clusters/https://www.mpm.edu/planetarium-newsletter-february-2019eso.org/public/news/eso1214astrobiology.nasa.gov/news/red-dwarf-stars-and-the-planets-around-them-2 Colorastronomy.com/magazine/ask-astro/2015/05/the-suns-red-neighborearthsky.org/tonight/can-you-see-the-different-colors-of-the-stars skyandtelescope.org/astronomy-resources/the-spectral-types-of-starsastronomy.com/magazine/glenn-chaple/2021/04/color-coding-starsStellar colors tablehttp://www.vendian.org/mncharity/dir3/starcolor Sky on different planetsyoutube.com/watch?v=vrLfHv6sze0 Flaresspace.com/proxima-centauri-emits-largest-stellar-flare.htmlGiant planetspace.com/gas-giant-alien-planet-red-dwarf.htmlPMS starsHttps://lweb.cfa.harvard.edu/~pberlind/atlas/htmls/pmsstars.html
Is Colonizing Mars just dumb? Cosmos:elementary 2022-12-15 | People like to discuss when and how we will create a Mars colony. But should we even do it or it’s the dumbest idea ever? Let’s talk about various arguments for and against colonizing Mars. Sources:Mars in six years?theguardian.com/technology/2016/sep/27/elon-musk-spacex-mars-colonyMars Oneengadget.com/2019-02-11-mars-one-is-dead.htmlSagan’s Essaydaily.jstor.org/should-we-go-to-mars-carl-sagan-had-thoughtsjstor.org/stable/pdf/43311109.pdf?refreqid=excelsior%3A5314fd6cd61478c000f8a70554f517c2 Apollo costsplanetary.org/space-policy/cost-of-apolloNasa budget planetary.org/space-policy/nasas-fy-2021-budget#:~:text=NASA's%20budget%20for%20fiscal%20year,over%20the%20previous%20year's%20amount.Musks notehttps://www.businessinsider.in/science/space/news/elon-musk-asks-spacex-employees-to-work-over-the-weekend-as-company-faces-risk-of-bankruptcy/articleshow/88026922.cmsMetals on Marsastrobiology.nasa.gov/news/rare-metals-on-mars-and-earth-implicate-colossal-impactscurator.jsc.nasa.gov/antmet/mmc/introduction.cfmhttps://sites.wustl.edu/meteoritesite/items/chemical-composition-of-meteorites/ Mars Launch windowforbes.com/sites/jamiecartereurope/2020/07/08/mars-alert-why-three-spacecraft-must-leave-for-the-red-planet-within-days-or-miss-their-chance/?sh=928753d5f936mars.nasa.gov/mars2020/timeline/cruise How longimage.gsfc.nasa.gov/poetry/venus/q2811.htmlMining on Marsbigthink.com/hard-science/drill-baby-drill-what-will-we-look-for-when-were-mining-on-marsAntarctica worldpopulationreview.com/continents/antarctica-populationPopulation Growth worldometers.info/world-populationArea of Marsmars.nasa.gov/print/?print=detailedfacts A million people on Marsfuturism.com/the-byte/elon-musk-million-people-mars-2050Economicslink.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-90303-3_12edition.cnn.com/2020/09/08/tech/spacex-mars-profit-scn/index.html https://scholarship.depauw.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1028&context=studentresearchReasonshttps://stargazersclubwa.com.au/why-go-to-mars-the-pros-and-cons/bbc.com/news/science-environment-19666057Forbusinessinsider.com/5-undeniable-reasons-why-humans-should-go-to-mars-2015-4 space.nss.org/the-case-for-colonizing-mars-by-robert-zubrinastronomy.com/news/2021/10/colonizing-mars-could-speed-up-human-evolution Againsttheconversation.com/sorry-elon-musk-but-its-now-clear-that-colonising-mars-is-unlikely-and-a-bad-idea-100964 futurism.com/author-martian-colonizing-mars-bad-ideatoptenz.net/10-reasons-colonizing-mars-is-a-bad-idea.php futurism.com/humans-shouldnt-colonize-mars-experts theguardian.com/science/blog/2018/aug/28/the-case-against-mars-colonisationRobots vs. Humansscientificamerican.com/article/robots-vs-humans-who-should-exploremarssociety.ca/human-vs-robotic-explorationspace.com/41551-finding-mars-life-robots-versus-humans.html
Crazy ideas for Colonization of Mars Cosmos:elementary 2022-12-01 | How blood can help us to colonize Mars? Why do we need bacteria on Mars? How to use moons of Mars for terraforming? Sources:Blood and regolith sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590006421000442space.com/mars-colony-astronaut-blood-concretephys.org/news/2021-09-cosmic-concrete-space-astronaut-blood.html Mars habitatshttps://digital.library.adelaide.edu.au/dspace/bitstream/2440/61315/8/02chapters1-4.pdfSulfurcen.acs.org/articles/96/i1/build-settlements-Mars-ll-need.html Mars fact sheetnssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/marsfact.htmlRadiation on Marsclimate.nasa.gov/news/3105/earths-magnetosphere-protecting-our-planet-from-harmful-space-energyFuel space.com/mars-rocket-fuel-from-microbesnature.com/articles/s41467-021-26393-7?utm_medium=affiliate&utm_source=commission_junction&utm_campaign=3_nsn6445_deeplink_PID100052171&utm_content=deeplinkSpaceX and methaneinverse.com/article/59489-spacex-how-elon-musk-wants-to-reach-zero-carbon-rocket-flightsMagnetic fieldnasa.gov/press-release/goddard/2020/mars-electric-currentsaskanastronomer.org/planets/2015/11/20/can-we-create-a-magnetic-field-for-marsPlasma torussciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0094576521005099?via%3Dihub phys.org/news/2021-11-absolutely-bonkers-mars-artificial-magnetosphere.htmlextremetech.com/extreme/245369-nasa-proposes-building-artificial-magnetic-field-restore-mars-atmosphere
What if black holes don’t exist? Alternatives to black holes. Cosmos:elementary 2022-06-09 | Black holes are commonly accepted to be real, but what if they are not? What are alternatives to black holes? And what problems are those alternative theories trying to solve? My video on why we think black holes existyoutube.com/watch?v=G04QFPUsyZ0My video on information loss paradoxyoutube.com/watch?v=LaRgY7tMDM4 SourcesBlack hole formationarxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1609/1609.08411.pdfmcdonaldobservatory.org/news/gallery/neutron-stars-merge-form-black-hole Semiclassical gravity phys.org/news/2013-05-semiclassical-gravity-counterintuitive-horizon-testability.htmlAlternatives skyandtelescope.org/astronomy-news/physicist-proposes-new-black-hole-alternativescience.org/doi/10.1126/science.371.6525.118https://cds.cern.ch/record/2663096/files/1902.07990.pdfBlack stararxiv.org/pdf/0712.1130.pdfhttps://physics.ucf.edu/~britt/AST2002/R9-Barcelo-Black%20stars,%20not%20holes.pdfDark Energyscience.nasa.gov/astrophysics/focus-areas/what-is-dark-energyearthsky.org/space/definition-what-is-dark-energyDark-energy stararxiv.org/ftp/astro-ph/papers/0503/0503200.pdfnature.com/articles/news050328-8nautil.us/blog/are-black-holes-actually-dark-energy-starssciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2212686421001096 https://www.slac.stanford.edu/econf/C041213/papers/0205.PDF arxiv.org/pdf/2103.15393.pdf Gravastarworldscientific.com/doi/abs/10.1142/S0218271820300049arxiv.org/abs/2010.05354 arxiv.org/abs/0706.1513 futurism.com/the-gravastar-an-alternative-to-black-holes scientificamerican.com/article/black-hole-pretenders-could-really-be-bizarre-quantum-stars/#Planck stararxiv.org/pdf/1401.6562.pdfinterestingengineering.com/a-black-holes-core-could-be-a-strange-planck-star futurism.com/what-are-planck-stars-how-do-they-differ-from-black-holes phys.org/news/2014-02-astrophysicists-duo-planck-star-core.htmlhttps://astronomy.swin.edu.au/cosmos/p/Planck+Length Fuzzballsquantamagazine.org/how-fuzzballs-solve-the-black-hole-firewall-paradox-20150623 livescience.com/string-theory-fuzzballs-are-black-holes.html Q-star (Grey hole)arxiv.org/pdf/astro-ph/9708065.pdfarxiv.org/pdf/astro-ph/0207270.pdf Boson stars sciencealert.com/there-could-be-transparent-stars-made-of-bosons-masquerading-as-black-holes
Sci-fi engines that became a reality. Ion thrusters and other types of electric drives Cosmos:elementary 2022-04-23 | Ion drives and other types of electric thrusters. How do they work? How different are they from conventional chemical engines? What are the pros and cons? My video on Em Driveyoutube.com/watch?v=eH3po8kUEbYMy video on interplanetary flightyoutube.com/watch?v=ZXEcCx9M4IUSources: Rocketsnasa.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/files/rockets-guide-20-how-rockets-work.pdfgrc.nasa.gov/www/k-12/rocket/rktth1.htmlspace.com/how-rockets-work https://courses.ess.washington.edu/ess-102/FALL12/Lecture24_ElectricPropulsion_v2.pdf Typeshttp://www2.ee.ic.ac.uk/derek.low08/yr2proj/ion.htmTypes of electric drivessciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B0122274105002015sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128093269000130 Nasa’s bookdescanso.jpl.nasa.gov/SciTechBook/series1/Goebel__cmprsd_opt.pdfRaptoreverydayastronaut.com/raptor-engineDawnsolarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/dawn/technology/ion-propulsionsolarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/dawn/technology/navigating aip.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/5.0010134Ion drivesnasa.gov/centers/glenn/technology/Ion_Propulsion1.htmlnasa.gov/centers/glenn/about/fs21grc.html nasa.gov/mission_pages/tdm/sep/index.html nasa.gov/feature/glenn/2020/the-propulsion-we-re-supplying-it-s-electrifying aip.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/5.0010134 Spacecraft with ion thrustershttps://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Space_Science/SMART-1/The_magic_of_ion_engineshttps://www.esa.int/Enabling_Support/Space_Engineering_Technology/Electric_blue_thrusters_propelling_BepiColombo_to_Mercury MROmars.nasa.gov/mro/mission/spacecraft/parts/propulsionNEXTwww1.grc.nasa.gov/space/sep/gridded-ion-thrusters-next-c/#:~:text=Performance,power%20and%20236%20mNthrust.DARTieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8742007Watersciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0094576521003179?via%3DihubMoleculariopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1361-6595/ab2c6c/pdfIodinenature.com/articles/s41586-021-04015-y Airbreathing engineshindawi.com/journals/ijae/2020/8811847
