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10:33 May 15, 2021
How can emptiness destroy the Universe at any moment / False vacuum decay
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10:33 / 11:11
How can emptiness destroy the Universe at any moment / False vacuum decay @Cosmos_elementary
updated 1 year ago
How can emptiness destroy the Universe at any moment / False vacuum decay
Cosmos:elementary 2023-10-14 | There is a nonzero probability that the Universe could be destroyed at any moment, and the reason for that could be the False Vacuum. In this video, we will discuss cosmic emptiness, the decay of the false vacuum, how likely such an event is, and how it could occur. Sources: Vacuumhttp://www.calphysics.org/zpe.html https://www.wtamu.edu/~cbaird/sq/2012/12/20/what-keeps-space-empty/ medium.com/nakshatra/the-nature-of-nothingness-understanding-the-vacuum-catastrophe-c04033e752f4 sciencenotes.org/what-is-a-perfect-vacuum-is-it-possible science.org/content/article/physicists-observe-weird-quantum-fluctuations-empty-space-maybe Lamb Shiftforbes.com/sites/startswithabang/2020/11/17/quantum-fluctuations-were-experimentally-proven-way-back-in-1947 https://courses.washington.edu/phys432/lamb_shift/lamb_shift.pdfjournals.aps.org/pr/abstract/10.1103/PhysRev.72.339 Casimir effectscientificamerican.com/article/what-is-the-casimir-effec https://math.ucr.edu/home/baez/physics/Quantum/casimir.html Fluctuationssciencedaily.com/releases/2018/08/180820113053.htm nature.com/articles/s41567-018-0264-z LIGO https://www.ligo.caltech.edu/LA/news/ligo20200701 nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2420-8 Higgs Fieldarxiv.org/pdf/2104.06821.pdf sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405601415009529 arxiv.org/pdf/1711.03877.pdf Dark Energyarxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1111/1111.4623.pdf arxiv.org/pdf/2111.12576.pdf science.nasa.gov/astrophysics/focus-areas/what-is-dark-energy False Vacuum Decayjournals.aps.org/prd/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevD.15.2929 doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139013352.010 doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201817709001 bigthink.com/starts-with-a-bang/universe-false-vacuum cosmosmagazine.com/science/physics/vacuum-decay-the-ultimate-catastrophe space.com/universe-end-false-vacuum-decay bigthink.com/hard-science/vacuum-decay-end-of-the-universe medium.com/predict/our-unstable-universe-why-the-false-vacuum-could-be-our-end-82ee4a668bd4 medium.com/the-infinite-universe/the-universe-may-be-a-false-vacuum-bubble-961e1a177e52 scientificamerican.com/article/follow-up-what-is-the-zer arxiv.org/pdf/1304.2796.pdf arxiv.org/pdf/1611.04935.pdf web.archive.org/web/20210819191812/http://shortbus.org/x/p3305_1.pdf Higgs Vacuumarxiv.org/pdf/1809.06923.pdf Higgs Boson https://home.cern/news/series/lhc-physics-ten/higgs-boson-what-makes-it-special Stabilityarxiv.org/pdf/1704.06884.pdf arxiv.org/pdf/1209.0393.pdf https://cms.cern/news/two-most-massive-quarks-put-spotlight-higgs-bosonarxiv.org/pdf/1505.04825.pdf arxiv.org/pdf/hep-ph/0104016.pdf
How We REALLY Predict Asteroid Impacts
Cosmos:elementary 2024-10-16 | Sometimes, in movies, astronomers discover an asteroid and instantly determine that it will definitely collide with Earth. Of course, that's nonsense. But how do we actually calculate the trajectory of a potentially hazardous object if we only see it as a point in the sky? 00:00 - Intro 05:20 - Is it possible? 11:15 - Modern methods 21:44 - First attempts Sources: Deep Impactgizmodo.com/a-scientist-responds-to-deep-impact-1709206458 Orbits https://blogs.esa.int/mex/2014/03/07/how-to-determine-the-orbit-of-a-comet/ astronomy.com/magazine/ask-astro/2013/09/predicting-a-path https://www.lpi.usra.edu/books/AsteroidsIII/pdf/3039.pdf Student projecteso.org/public/events/astro-evt/hyakutake/images/phot-hya-apr03-mw Asteroid Orbit Determination Project http://www.columbia.edu/~my2317/asteroidproject.html Gauss and Ceres https://sites.math.rutgers.edu/~cherlin/History/Papers1999/weiss.html https://math.berkeley.edu/~mgu/MA221/Ceres_Presentation.pdf Bookarchive.schillerinstitute.com/fid_97-01/982_orbit_ceres.pdf Newton https://principia.blog/2021/03/21/newton-and-the-orbit-of-comets/ Asteroid searchnasa.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/files/nasem_report_finding_hazardous_asteroids.pdf nap.nationalacademies.org/read/25476/chapter/2 aanda.org/articles/aa/full_html/2020/02/aa35983-19/aa35983-19.html nasa.gov/planetarydefense/faq Databasecneos.jpl.nasa.gov/sentry https://neo.ssa.esa.int/risk-list ATLASnasa.gov/feature/nasa-asteroid-tracking-system-now-capable-of-full-sky-search NEOSMjpl.nasa.gov/missions/near-earth-object-surveyor Pan-STARRS http://www2.ifa.hawaii.edu/research/Pan-STARRS.shtml
We know what was before the Big Bang
Cosmos:elementary 2024-10-04 | Is the Big Bang really the beginning of everything? What was before it? In this episode, we'll talk about Inflation and how the Universe might have started. My video about Cosmic Horizonsyoutu.be/QV98ZzdZMhI?si=STFB0DEDimgAnSTU My video about Fine Tuningyoutu.be/iVyU_kSnSeM?si=TEowx5Y2BkWXnsSt My video about “temperature” of the CMByoutu.be/vTtojtMoQjE?si=S8KqDlKe5c_TGbbc My video about False Vacuum youtu.be/ZRhTHzhH4-w?si=Imr3UVNtKWReNNX- Cosmological Calculator https://astro.uchicago.edu/~gnedin/cc/ 00:00 - Intro 02:00 - Big Bang and the Singularity 12:50 - Problems 22:25 - Inflation Sources: The Big Bangworldscientific.com/doi/pdf/10.1142/9789811229442_0001 doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139175180.003 Nucleosynthesis https://w.astro.berkeley.edu/~mwhite/darkmatter/bbn.html Scale Factor https://w.astro.berkeley.edu/~mwhite/darkmatter/bbn.html Cosmological Calculator https://astro.uchicago.edu/~gnedin/cc/ Problems https://s3.cern.ch/inspire-prod-files-c/cf01320a84f09089fdb2318c01fc440b https://astronomy.swin.edu.au/cosmos/f/Flatness+Problem https://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/level5/Watson/Watson5_2.html Alan Guth’s Paperjournals.aps.org/prd/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevD.23.347 Inflationhttp://rstudio-pubs-static.s3.amazonaws.com/268079_8607edbb97f64383bd44e6ac71c0cb90.html arxiv.org/pdf/hep-ph/0304257.pdf arxiv.org/pdf/1810.09934.pdf arxiv.org/pdf/1902.05286.pdf doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139175180.004 ctc.cam.ac.uk/outreach/origins/inflation_zero.php forbes.com/sites/startswithabang/2019/10/22/what-came-first-inflation-or-the-big-bang/?sh=99ccee24153c forbes.com/sites/startswithabang/2017/05/11/what-if-cosmic-inflation-is-wrong/?sh=41947e428e50 forbes.com/sites/startswithabang/2018/04/12/how-come-cosmic-inflation-doesnt-break-the-speed-of-light/?sh=79b2a02d1e40 scientificamerican.com/custom-media/biggest-questions-in-science/the-founder-of-cosmic-inflation-theory-on-cosmologys-next-big-ideas https://www.buffalo.edu/news/releases/2022/03/033.html bigthink.com/starts-with-a-bang/big-bang-beginning-universe Alan Guth’s Lectureyoutube.com/watch?v=PsfyE1-s9Rs
Explore the Moon yourself! #apollomission #space #moon
Cosmos:elementary 2024-09-23 | Map: https://quickmap.lroc.asu.edu/
Craziest space projects that actually existed
Cosmos:elementary 2024-09-19 | Giant nuclear spaceships, interplanetary mosquitoes, and space squid robots. Since the dawn of the space age, there have been plenty of crazy projects. Some of them even reached certain stages of realization. In this video, we'll talk about a few of these examples Stabilized video from the Moonyoutube.com/watch?v=q2sjqmKeM5g MOLAB videoyoutube.com/watch?v=VNaoxY-dXOg My video on ion enginesyoutube.com/watch?v=FxntigaSI2U My video on surviving lunar nightyoutube.com/watch?v=v8JJBFvgUxM 00:00 - Intro 01:50 - Lunar projects 06:57 - Interplanetary 13:24 - Nuclear Rockets 18:11 - Orion and Aldebaran Sources MALLARsmithsonianmag.com/air-space-magazine/forgotten-plans-reach-moon-apollo-180972695 Open platformntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20190031985/downloads/20190031985_rev1.pdf http://www.projectrho.com/public_html/rocket/excursion.php MOLAB smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/nasa-had-plans-geology-lab-moon-180952137 youtube.com/watch?v=VNaoxY-dXOg Kuck’s Mosquito http://www.projectrho.com/public_html/rocket/infrastructure.php#kuckmosquito Squidnasa.gov/feature/soft-robotic-rover-with-electrodynamic-power-scavenging nasa.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/files/11-2015_phase_i_mason_peck_soft_robotic_rover_electrodynamic_power_scavenging.pdf nasa.gov/feature/niac-2015-phase-i-and-phase-ii-selections catalog.data.gov/dataset/soft-robotic-rover-with-electrodynamic-power-scavenging Windbotjpl.nasa.gov/news/could-windbots-someday-explore-the-skies-of-jupiter nasa.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/files/niac_2015_phasei_stoica_windbots_tagged.pdf Orionans.org/news/article-1294/nuclear-pulse-propulsion-gateway-to-the-stars http://www.astronautix.com/o/orionnuclearpulsevehicle.html http://www.astronautix.com/p/projectoriossiblerebirth.html vehq.com/how-hot-does-a-combustion-chamber-get-in-a-vehicle Aldebaranarmaghplanet.com/the-amazing-aldebaran-spacecraft.html up-ship.com/blog/?p=5353 More infosociomix.com/diaries/entertainment/the-10-weirdest-spacecraft-ever-proposed/1615844445 siliconrepublic.com/innovation/5-of-the-weirdest-spaceships-being-considered-by-nasa vox.com/2015/2/22/8077449/nasa-colony-missions
Real footage of flying by Earth and the Moon. #space #earth #moon
Cosmos:elementary 2024-09-11 | ...
The Largest star VS Earth #space #cosmos_elementary #
Cosmos:elementary 2024-09-03 | ...
Newest solutions to the Fermi Paradox: Contact Era, Silent Bubble
Cosmos:elementary 2024-08-30 | Scientists can't stop thinking about why we haven't been able to find other intelligent civilizations in our galaxy, and they continue to work on new solutions to the Fermi Paradox. In this video, we'll discuss some of these solutions. My video on the Fine Tuning problemyoutube.com/watch?v=iVyU_kSnSeM 00:00 - Not a paradox? 03:53 - a Problem 07:43 - Galactic club 11:16 - Contact Era 14:55 - Silent Bubble 17:26 - Schelling points 22:43 - Machine learning Sources Reviewarxiv.org/pdf/0907.3432.pdf Where is everybodysgp.fas.org/othergov/doe/lanl/la-10311-ms.pdf Not a paradoxarxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1605/1605.09187.pdf Michael Hart https://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pdf/1975QJRAS..16..128H K-dwarfsarxiv.org/pdf/2210.10656.pdf Contact Eraphys.org/news/2022-12-dont-aliens-theyre.html space.com/fermi-paradox-aliens-contact-earth-not-interesting arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/2211/2211.16505.pdf Microwavenature.com/articles/521129f Silent Bubblearxiv.org/pdf/2301.07165.pdf phys.org/news/2023-01-aliens-contacted.html Schelling pointsspace.com/seti-planetary-transit-alien-signals arxiv.org/pdf/2212.05137.pdf Machine learningphys.org/news/2023-01-machine-extraterrestrial-life.html nature.com/articles/s41550-022-01872-z arxiv.org/pdf/2301.12670.pdf
The end of our Galaxy #science #space #cosmos_elementary
Cosmos:elementary 2024-08-26 | ...
Whats happening to the Sun? Solar Evolution #science #space #astronomy
Cosmos:elementary 2024-08-22 | ...
Apollo landing sites. orbital photos #science #space #moonlanding #apollo
Cosmos:elementary 2024-08-19 | ...
The Situation with the EXPANDING EARTH THEORY
Cosmos:elementary 2024-08-13 | What is the Expanding Earth Hypothesis? Where did this strange idea come from, what arguments support it, if they exist. 00:00 - Intro 02:13 - Growing planets 05:31 - Why 10:15 - Problems 1 18:00 - Problems 2 Sources Moon contractingnasa.gov/press-release/goddard/2019/moonquakes nasa.gov/mission_pages/LRO/news/shrinking-moon.html Mercury contractingnasa.gov/feature/the-incredible-shrinking-mercury-is-active-after-all space.com/mercury-shrank-less-than-believed Bacon’s bookoll.libertyfund.org/title/bacon-novum-organum About Bacon’s quotescambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/3A453C4206ADF8AC5657E77F3B2D39AA/S0016756800053498a.pdf/francis-bacon-and-continental-drift.pdf First mentionnature.com/articles/367407a0 Wegener https://ucmp.berkeley.edu/geology/techist.html link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF02202896 More pointshgss.copernicus.org/articles/5/135/2014/hgss-5-135-2014.pdf Historypopularmechanics.com/science/environment/a22594681/weve-been-wrong-before-expanding-earth-theory Spreadingeducation.nationalgeographic.org/resource/seafloor-spreading Plate Tectonicseducation.nationalgeographic.org/resource/continental-drift-versus-plate-tectonics earthquakeauthority.com/Blog/2020/Understanding-Plate-Tectonic-Theory livescience.com/37706-what-is-plate-tectonics.html Measurementssciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674984715000518 nasa.gov/topics/earth/features/earth20110816.html agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029/2011GL047450 How much stuff falls onto Earthsolarsystem.nasa.gov/asteroids-comets-and-meteors/meteors-and-meteorites/overview/?page=0&per_page=40&order=id+asc&search=&condition_1=meteor_shower%3Abody_type Earth parametersnssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/earthfact.html Conspiracy theoriesexpansiontectonics.com/index1.html http://www.alternativephysics.org/book/ExpandingEarth.htm Continental Drifteartheclipse.com/science/geology/theory-of-continental-drift-causes-and-evidence.html youtube.com/watch?v=ovT90wYrVk4 Before Pangaea earth.com/earthpedia-articles/supercontinents-101-pannotia-gondwana-and-pangea scientificamerican.com/article/earth-before-pangaea Plate tectonics https://ucmp.berkeley.edu/geology/techist.html frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feart.2013.00002/full royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsta.2017.0414 Mobilismgeolsoc.org.uk/Geoscientist/Archive/October-2012/100-years-of-mobilism Hydride Earthgeokniga.org/books/13596
Star-shaped orbits? #cosmos_elementary #space #science
Cosmos:elementary 2024-08-12 | ...
The Truth about Human Hibernation for Space Travel
Cosmos:elementary 2024-08-05 | In science fiction movies, human hibernation technology is often used for interstellar travel. How feasible is this, how is it supposed to work, have we come closer to creating such technology, and are there any real developments in this field? 00:00 - Intro 02:30 - Why 05:46 - How 13:28 - Latest research Sources To Marsimage.gsfc.nasa.gov/poetry/venus/q2811.html mars.nasa.gov/mars2020/timeline/cruise Aubrey Mashnytimes.com/2019/12/06/world/europe/woman-survives-cardiac-arrest.html Anna Bågenholmflexitog.com/blog/flexitog-news-articles-1/how-anna-bagenholm-survived-the-lowest-body-temperature-ever-recorded-11 More casesweather.gov/safety/cold-survivor Mitsutaka Uchikoshitheguardian.com/world/2006/dec/21/japan.topstories3 cnet.com/science/biology/features/chasing-ghosts-unlocking-the-mysteries-of-human-hibernation Surgeriesbbc.com/news/health-11389464 Therapeutic hypothermiancbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3519955 hopkinsmedicine.org/health/treatment-tests-and-therapies/therapeutic-hypothermia-after-cardiac-arrest 14 dayspubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11014530 NASA and SpaceWorksnasa.gov/content/torpor-inducing-transfer-habitat-for-human-stasis-to-mars nasa.gov/sites/default/files/files/Bradford_2013_PhI_Torpor.pdf https://www.spaceworks.aero/cnet-torpor-mysteries-of-human-hibernation/ General infosmithsonianmag.com/air-space-magazine/hibernation-for-space-voyages-180962394 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30569200 Radiationphys.org/news/2022-11-safety-space-synthetic-hibernation-cosmic.html nature.com/articles/s41598-022-20382-6 Issuessciencealert.com/a-common-sci-fi-solution-for-long-distance-space-travel-could-be-pointless-for-humans royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rspb.2022.0456 ESA https://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Human_and_Robotic_Exploration/Hibernate_for_a_trip_to_Mars_the_bear_way sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0149763421004425 universetoday.com/154382/could-astronauts-hibernate-on-long-space-voyages
Amazing footage of space junk #space #astronomy #cosmos_elementary
Cosmos:elementary 2024-08-03 | ...
Flat Earthers Ice wall debunked #space #science #astronomy
Cosmos:elementary 2024-08-02 | ...
Can a system with thousands of habitable planets exist?
Cosmos:elementary 2024-07-26 | Our Solar System is kind of boring. I mean, it only has eight planets. But are there any more impressive systems known to us, and what is the theoretical limit on the number of planets around a single star? And if we could design planetary systems ourselves, how many planets could we fit there? Tens? Hundreds? Thousands? Sean Raymond articles:planetplanet.net/the-ultimate-solar-system planetplanet.net/2017/05/03/the-ultimate-engineered-solar-system My video on Counter Earthyoutube.com/watch?v=ikBij1SbGs0 My video about the moon and double planetsyoutube.com/watch?v=jlnXNzQjyQI 00:00 - Intro 01:45 - The reality 06:56 - Habitable zone 20:26 - Outside the habitable zone Sources Kepler-90exoplanets.nasa.gov/exoplanet-catalog/6123/kepler-90b jpl.nasa.gov/images/pia22193-kepler-90-system-compared-to-our-solar-system-artists-concept Limitsiopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-3881/ab9ffe astrobiology.nasa.gov/news/how-many-habitable-zone-planets-can-orbit-a-host-star/#:~:text=Their%20model%20determined%20that%20it,six%20planets%20with%20liquid%20water. sciencealert.com/there-could-be-as-many-as-7-habitable-worlds-orbiting-around-some-distant-stars Hill spherelink.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007/978-3-662-44185-5_724 http://astro.vaporia.com/start/hillradius.html Engineered systemslivescience.com/maximum-number-of-planets-orbit-sun Sean Raymond articles:planetplanet.net/the-ultimate-solar-system planetplanet.net/2017/05/03/the-ultimate-engineered-solar-system Trojan planetsarxiv.org/pdf/1901.07250.pdf arxiv.org/pdf/astro-ph/0408079.pdf arxiv.org/PS_cache/arxiv/pdf/1004/1004.0726v1.pdf Coorbital planetsnewscientist.com/article/dn20160-two-planets-found-sharing-one-orbit Calculatorweb.archive.org/web/20220602153204/http://depts.washington.edu/naivpl/sites/default/files/hz_0.shtml Sun’s surface temperaturelink.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007/978-3-642-11274-4_487 Stability of systemslink.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10569-010-9288-0 arxiv.org/pdf/1703.08426.pdf Earth and Sun massesspace.com/17001-how-big-is-the-sun-size-of-the-sun.html Solar systemsolarsystem.nasa.gov/solar-system/sun/in-depth Chemical composition of the Universesciencenotes.org/what-is-the-most-abundant-element-in-the-u Visualizations lucas.bourneuf.net/blog/uess.html
How to Survive on the ‘Dark Side’ of the Moon
Cosmos:elementary 2024-07-11 | The long lunar night is a major barrier to the exploration and colonization of the Moon. Extreme temperature fluctuations as well as energy production issues, pose significant challenges. How can we address these issues to ensure that people and equipment can survive the lunar night? How thermocouples workyoutube.com/watch?v=PccE4WcfnAw 00:00 - Intro 01:45 - What’s the problem? 07:42 - How has it been addressed 20:47 - What to do? Sources: Day and Nightmoon.nasa.gov/inside-and-out/top-moon-questions Temperature fluctuationslivescience.com/why-do-deserts-get-cold-at-night.html earthobservatory.nasa.gov/biome/biodesert.php guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/greatest-temperature-range-in-day Temperatureslunar.gsfc.nasa.gov/images/lithos/LROlitho7temperaturevariation27May2014.pdf ISSscience.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/2001/ast21mar_1 Apollo 11nasa.gov/mission_pages/apollo/missions/apollo11.html Apollo 17nasa.gov/mission_pages/apollo/missions/apollo17.html Luna 9solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/luna-09/in-depth https://scientificrussia.ru/articles/ams-luna-9-pervaya-v-istorii-chelovechestva-myagkaya-posadka-na-lunu Surveyor 1solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/surveyor-1/in-depth MLI https://www.esa.int/ESA_Multimedia/Images/2016/08/Multi-layer_insulation_blankets Lunokhodspace.com/35090-lunokhod-1.html https://www.laspace.ru/projects/planets/luna-17/ Apollo 13spacesafetymagazine.com/aerospace-engineering/nuclear-propulsion/will-anyone-recover-apollo-13s-plutonium How to survivesciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0032063310003065 doi.org/10.1016/j.pss.2010.09.024 space.com/moon-missions-artemis-challenges-overnight Regolith https://www.esa.int/Enabling_Support/Space_Engineering_Technology/Surviving_the_long_dark_night_of_the_Moon http://ltu.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1039969/FULLTEXT02.pdf ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/19930007428/downloads/19930007428.pdf https://denning.atmos.colostate.edu/readings/lunar.regolith.heat.transfer.pdf RTGsrps.nasa.gov/about-rps/overview https://www.qrg.northwestern.edu/projects/vss/docs/power/1-what-are-rtgs.html MMRTGrps.nasa.gov/power-and-thermal-systems/power-systems Mild temperatures https://newsroom.ucla.edu/releases/places-on-moon-where-its-always-sweater-weatheragupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2022GL099710 Chang'e 4indianexpress.com/article/technology/science/change-4-survives-first-lunar-night-wakes-up-to-minus-190-degrees-centigrade-5564555 spacenews.com/change-4-spacecraft-enter-lunar-nighttime-china-planning-future-missions-cooperation Orbital mirrorsiflscience.com/there-s-a-surprisingly-affordable-way-to-power-lunar-bases-without-storage-66003 Bricks https://scienceillustrated.com.au/blog/science/powering-a-moon-base/ Poles https://www.lpi.usra.edu/science/moonPoles
What’s actually wrong with our Moon?
Cosmos:elementary 2024-07-03 | Are the Moon and Earth a double planet? What makes the Moon so special? Is it time to recognize the Moon as the ninth planet of the solar system? And why do some people believe the Moon is artificial? 00:00 - Intro 01:41 - Why So Huge 10:30 - Double Planet 19:26 - 9th planet 23:58 - Weird Craters Sources: Large moonssciencedaily.com/releases/2022/02/220201144027.htm nature.com/articles/s41467-022-28063-8 Earthnssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/earthfact.html Moonnssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/moonfact.html Jupiternssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/jupiterfact.html nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/joviansatfact.html Red dwarfsuniversemagazine.com/en/tess-discovered-a-large-planet-near-a-small-star centauri-dreams.org/2021/02/01/how-common-are-giant-planets-around-red-dwarfs IAU resolutioniau.org/static/resolutions/Resolution_GA26-5-6.pdf Double planetsciencefocus.com/space/what-is-a-binary-planet-system https://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Space_Science/SMART-1/Moon_Welcome_to_the_double_planet http://curious.astro.cornell.edu/about-us/37-our-solar-system/the-moon/the-moon-and-the-earth/42-are-earth-and-the-moon-twin-planets-beginner universetoday.com/85749/is-the-moon-a-planet space.com/2743-iau-proposed-planet-definition.html arxiv.org/pdf/1507.06300.pdf Is the Moon a planet?scirp.org/journal/paperinformation.aspx?paperid=81133 sky-lights.org/2017/01/23/qa-trajectory-of-the-moon Cratersastronomy.com/magazine/ask-astro/2012/07/lunar-impacts https://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1977LPSC....8.3427P files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1174594.pdf space.com/water-ice-moon-and-mercury-craters.html skyandtelescope.org/observing/celestial-objects-to-watch/tycho-the-metropolitan-crater-of-the-moon steemit.com/science/@michaelmatthews/that-s-no-moon-it-s-a-space-station
What if the Universe Doesn’t Exist?
Cosmos:elementary 2024-06-17 | Does our universe exist? It's a strange question, but there are several ideas suggesting that our universe is merely an illusion. In this video, we will discuss the universe as an illusion, the simulation hypothesis, and the holographic universe. My video on Information Paradoxyoutube.com/watch?v=LaRgY7tMDM4 My video on Fine Tuning Problemyoutube.com/watch?v=iVyU_kSnSeM My video on Horizons of the Universeyoutube.com/watch?v=QV98ZzdZMhI 00:00 - Intro 02:00 - Illusion 07:00 - Simulation 19:57 - Hologram Sources Perception https://zuckermaninstitute.columbia.edu/reality-illusion-world-science-festival-experts-reveal-power-and-peculiarities-brain-s-ability-sense Galaxyasd.gsfc.nasa.gov/archive/mwmw/mmw_images.html Bostrom’s papersimulation-argument.com/simulation.pdf Simulation scientificamerican.com/article/do-we-live-in-a-simulation-chances-are-about-50-50 space.com/universe-simulation-hypothesis-problems space.com/18932-are-we-living-in-a-computer-simulation.html space.com/30124-is-our-universe-a-fake.html bigthink.com/thinking/why-the-simulation-hypothesis-is-pseudoscience npr.org/sections/13.7/2017/03/09/519376356/why-reality-is-not-a-video-game-and-why-it-matters livescience.com/54380-are-we-living-in-a-computer-simulation.html livescience.com/how-many-bits-in-the-universe https://www.wtamu.edu/~cbaird/sq/2014/09/15/could-scientists-perfectly-simulate-the-entire-universe-in-a-computer-down-to-the-last-atom quantamagazine.org/coder-physicists-are-simulating-the-universe-to-unlock-its-secrets-20180612 web.archive.org/web/20181010182334/futurism.com/sorry-elon-physicists-say-we-definitely-arent-living-in-a-computer-simulation http://advances.sciencemag.org/content/3/9/e1701758 Hologramwired.co.uk/article/our-universe-is-a-hologram#:~:text=A%20holographic%20Universe%20means%20information,and%20experience%20is%20an%20illusion. space.com/black-holes-holographic-projection-quantum-computing-study scientificamerican.com/article/information-in-the-holographic-univ/# theguardian.com/science/shortcuts/2017/jan/31/guide-to-holographic-principle-of-universe futurism.com/the-holographc-universe-principle-what-is-what-should-never-be web.archive.org/web/20140326182200/http://homepages.ihug.co.nz/~sai/hologram.html vox.com/2015/6/29/8847863/holographic-principle-universe-theory-physics quantamagazine.org/symmetries-reveal-clues-about-the-holographic-universe-20220112 arstechnica.com/science/2020/06/natures-cosmic-hard-drive-black-holes-could-store-information-like-holograms Information paradoxiopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1742-6596/1634/1/012088/pdf
Are photos of Earth fake? #science #space #astronomy
Cosmos:elementary 2024-06-12 | ...
They travel to the past faster than light? Time paradox
Cosmos:elementary 2024-05-31 | Tachyons are perhaps one of the strangest concepts in physics. Particles that travel faster than light and travel into the past? What might they represent, can they exist, and have there been attempts to find them?” My video on the Speed of Lightyoutube.com/watch?v=pSVPFEM7JsA My video on warp drivesyoutube.com/watch?v=ysIK-Qek8q0 Videos on Imaginary Numbersyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLiaHhY2iBX9g6KIvZ_703G3KJXapKkNaF 00:00 - Intro 02:00 - Tachyons and imaginary mass 10:51 - Tachyons and paradoxes 17:58 - How to find them Sources Feinberg’s paperjournals.aps.org/pr/abstract/10.1103/PhysRev.159.1089 Imaginary numberskhanacademy.org/math/algebra2/x2ec2f6f830c9fb89:complex/x2ec2f6f830c9fb89:imaginary/a/intro-to-the-imaginary-numbers 1962 paperaapt.scitation.org/doi/10.1119/1.1941773 Tachyons https://math.ucr.edu/home/baez/physics/ParticleAndNuclear/tachyons.html space.com/tachyons-facts-about-particles scientificamerican.com/article/what-is-known-about-tachy Paradoxes https://sites.pitt.edu/~jdnorton/teaching/HPS_0410/chapters/spacetime_tachyon/index.html https://sites.pitt.edu/~jdnorton/teaching/HPS_0410/chapters/spacetime_tachyon/two_spaceship_paradox.html Cherenkov radiationiaea.org/newscenter/news/what-is-cherenkov-radiation Productsskepticalinquirer.org/newsletter/tachyons-and-other-nonentities FTL and time travelhttp://www.physicsmatt.com/blog/2016/8/25/why-ftl-implies-time-travel Antitelephone https://sci-hub.se/https://journals.aps.org/prd/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevD.2.263arxiv.org/pdf/hep-th/9508164.pdf Tachyonsarxiv.org/pdf/1112.4187.pdf Searcharxiv.org/pdf/2204.12017.pdf Neutrinosnature.com/articles/nature.2012.10249 link.springer.com/article/10.1007/JHEP10(2012)093 Black holesarxiv.org/pdf/2201.02622.pdf Dark Energyarxiv.org/pdf/1811.03470.pdf arxiv.org/pdf/1311.0227.pdf Dark matterarxiv.org/pdf/1601.06772.pdf Supernova remnants sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214404815000257?via%3Dihub Tachyon starsarxiv.org/pdf/1110.2523.pdf
Cosmos:elementary 2024-05-18 | Saturn is a beautiful planet. Its unique rings are impressive, but scientists are still not sure how they formed, and the existing theories are inconsistent with each other. So what’s the paradox of Saturn’s rings? My video on presolar grainsyoutube.com/watch?v=cPdR4e0-SYk 00:00 - Intro 02:14 - What's so special 07:15 - What are they like 12:32 - Formation Sources Galileo and Saturn spacecentre.co.uk/blog-post/galileos-telescope-changed-our-view-of-the-solar-system Grand Finale solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/cassini/mission/grand-finale/overview Haumea solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/dwarf-planets/haumea/in-depth/#otp_rings Asteroid with ringssolarsystem.nasa.gov/asteroids-comets-and-meteors/asteroids/10199-chariklo/in-depth Super Saturn exoplanets.nasa.gov/news/184/super-saturn-astronomers-find-a-massive-ring-system-around-an-exoplanet James Elliott nature.com/articles/267328a0 Herschel phys.org/news/2007-04-william-herschel-uranus-18th-century.html Rings structure solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/cassini/science/rings space.com/23235-rings-of-saturn.html Phoebe ringplanetary.org/articles/2165 How much falls onto Earth scientificamerican.com/article/antarctic-study-shows-how-much-space-dust-hits-earth-every-year Hypothesesarxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/0912/0912.3017.pdf arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/2205/2205.06914.pdf Disrupted moon space.com/saturn-destroyed-moon-to-make-rings https://news.mit.edu/2022/saturn-rings-tilt-missing-moon-0915arxiv.org/pdf/1709.08768.pdf Part of the moon nature.com/articles/news.2010.515 https://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/lpsc2011/pdf/2151.pdf More on agequantamagazine.org/are-saturns-rings-really-as-young-as-the-dinosaurs-20191121 They will soon disappear?solarsystem.nasa.gov/news/794/nasa-research-reveals-saturn-is-losing-its-rings-at-worst-case-scenario-rate
Can we teleport a person to another planet?
Cosmos:elementary 2024-05-02 | Each of us has dreamt at least once about being able to teleport. But is it actually possible or even a good idea? My video on warp drivesyoutube.com/watch?v=ysIK-Qek8q0 My video on speed of lightyoutube.com/watch?v=pSVPFEM7JsA 00:00 - Intro 02:04 - History and Feasibility 10:08 - Teleporting a human 20:45 - Quantum teleportation Sources: In Culturebigthink.com/hard-science/history-of-teleportation The man without a Body https://gutenberg.net.au/ebooks06/0602521h.html#03 To Venus in 5 secondsarchive.org/details/ToVenusInFiveSeconds/page/n21/mode/2up The wordmerriam-webster.com/dictionary/teleportation#h1 US air force papersgp.fas.org/eprint/teleport.pdf Time estimatesnbcnews.com/science/space/trouble-teleportation-it-could-take-quadrillions-years-f6C10817487 web.archive.org/web/20200205184719/http://www2.le.ac.uk/offices/press/press-releases/2013/july/to-infinity-and-beyond-teleporting-humans-into-space Daniel Whiteson bookswired.com/story/why-cant-people-teleport Quantum teleportation https://www.rochester.edu/newscenter/quantum-teleportation-to-improve-quantum-computing-441352/nii.ac.jp/userimg/press_20140630e.pdf extremetech.com/extreme/140550-first-teleportation-of-macroscopic-objects-leads-the-way-to-quantum-internet Teleporting a particle to spacepopularmechanics.com/science/news/a27271/chinese-scientists-successfully-teleported-a-particle-to-space Bose-Einstein condensate iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0256-307X/29/6/060303
The dumbest conspiracy theory
Cosmos:elementary 2024-04-22 | There is a somewhat popular conspiracy theory that claims that for more than 12 000 years an alien satellite has been spying on us from the Earth’s orbit. The object is known as The Black Knight. Allegedly there’s lots of evidence for that. So let’s talk about that evidence and much more. 00:00 - Intro 02:13 - Basics 08:29 - Tesla and LDEs 17:31 - Satellites and photos Sources: Imageseol.jsc.nasa.gov/SearchPhotos/photo.pl?mission=STS088&roll=724&frame=66 eol.jsc.nasa.gov/SearchPhotos/photo.pl?mission=STS088&roll=724&frame=68 Izaruniverseguide.com/star/122716/epsbooa Reviewspace.com/what-is-the-black-knight.html armaghplanet.com/the-truth-about-the-black-knight-satellite-mystery.html atlasobscura.com/articles/the-weird-history-of-the-space-blanket http://www.jamesoberg.com/sts88_and-black-knight.pdf skeptoid.com/episodes/4365 Teslahttp://www.tfcbooks.com/tesla/1901-02-09.htm web.archive.org/web/20120925002154/http://www.thedenvereye.com/nikola-tesla-in-colorado-springs LDE https://www.mn.uio.no/fysikk/english/people/aca/sverre/articles/lde.htmlvice.com/en/article/ezpg8p/radio-ghosts-have-haunted-the-airwaves-for-nearly-a-century Coronaweb.archive.org/web/20170307164402/cia.gov/news-information/featured-story-archive/2010-featured-story-archive/corona-the-nation2019s-first-photoreconnaissance-satellite.html airforcemag.com/article/0995corona cia.gov/static/3d24f7019bf7e718fd1d2a5c57e6a646/corona.pdf content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,894745-1,00.html Lunanhttp://www.duncanlunan.com/blackknight.asp http://www.duncanlunan.com/epsilonbootis.asp NASA reportweb.archive.org/web/20100522021755/http://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/20060024715_2006175325.pdf Videosyoutube.com/watch?v=6omlycVMOcw youtube.com/watch?v=IXqw6NpCwIg youtube.com/watch?v=3Bqaa8n6bKY Mayayoutube.com/watch?v=rgfFXgTsSbc
What are 3 Horizons of the Universe and can we get there?
Cosmos:elementary 2024-04-05 | Where does the Universe End? What are the three horizons of the Universe? How can we see galaxies that are moving away from us faster than light? My video on the Axis of Evilyoutube.com/watch?v=m3JtwgTfpdg 00:00 - Intro 01:14 - Particle Horizon 11:55 - Hubble Horizon 18:49 - Event Horizon Sources Neutrino Backgroundarxiv.org/abs/1602.03347 http://lib.sinp.msu.ru/static/tutorials/01_textbook/index-314.htm Spectral Distortionsarxiv.org/abs/1903.04218 arxiv.org/pdf/1907.13195.pdf BICEP 2nature.com/news/gravitational-waves-discovery-now-officially-dead-1.16830 Observable Universesciencealert.com/known-universe-in-one-single-image-logarithmic-artwork-pablo-carlos-budassi science.nasa.gov/observable-universe Particle Horizonarxiv.org/pdf/1302.1609.pdf CMBsciencefocus.com/space/will-the-cosmic-microwave-background-disappear/#:~:text=Yes.,will%20no%20longer%20be%20detectable. Size of the Universe livescience.com/how-big-universe.html Last Scattering Surfacemap.gsfc.nasa.gov/media/990053/index.html https://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/level5/Glossary/Essay_lss.html Accelerated Expansion https://www.aa.com.tr/en/science-technology/scientists-release-largest-ever-3d-map-of-universe/1916922#:~:text=Published%20online%20late%20Sunday%2C%20the,billion%20years%20that%20came%20before.%E2%80%9D&text=Scientists%20estimate%20that%20the%20universe,%2Dbillion%2Dyears%2Dold. Cosmological Horizons https://cds.cern.ch/record/679214/files/0310808.pdfarxiv.org/pdf/1302.1609.pdf aapt.scitation.org/doi/10.1119/1.5088465 Diagramphysics.stackexchange.com/questions/67412/what-is-the-theoretical-limit-for-farthest-we-can-see-back-in-time-and-distance/67541#67541
Look at this crazy photo of Mars! #space #mars
Cosmos:elementary 2024-03-29 | ...
Black holes shoot gravity lasers? Grazers, Masers and Lasers in space
Cosmos:elementary 2024-03-22 | What are gravity lasers.? In this video, we'll talk about regular lasers, masers and grasers and how they work. Also how can they arise naturally in space. 00:00 - Intro 01:36 - Use And how they work 13:00 - Masers and Lasers in Space 19:09 - Gravity Lasers Sources: Laserslasers.llnl.gov/education/how-lasers-work#:~:text=A%20laser%20is%20created%20when,orbit%20around%20the%20atom's%20nucleus. science.howstuffworks.com/laser.htm Ruby lasersciencedirect.com/topics/biochemistry-genetics-and-molecular-biology/ruby-laser sites.google.com/site/puenggphysics/home/unit-i/ruby-laser#:~:text=The%20ruby%20laser%20is%20the,absorbing%20green%20and%20blue%20light. Masers https://astronomy.swin.edu.au/cosmos/m/Masers https://www.cfa.harvard.edu/research/topic/masersastrobites.org/2013/10/28/giant-space-masers arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1104/1104.2306.pdf Astrophysical lasersacademic.oup.com/book/6534 http://www.mathnet.ru/links/3d7ec5b6eaa267d46f421ee70e5904ed/qe2349.pdf hubblesite.org/contents/media/images/1996/06/396-Image.html?news=true laserstars.org/news/EtaCarinae.html laserstars.org/history/masers.html sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/0019103583901070 Gravitonssciencefocus.com/science/what-are-gravitons-and-do-they-really-exist pbs.org/wgbh/nova/article/what-are-gravitons https://usm.maine.edu/planet/you-mention-einsteins-description-gravity-not-force-between-particles-deformations-their Gravity Lasersarxiv.org/pdf/1807.03163.pdf arxiv.org/pdf/1604.02762.pdf arxiv.org/pdf/physics/9802037.pdf https://indico.cern.ch/event/593812/contributions/2569809/attachments/1468081/2270439/Black_Hole_Graviton_Laser_TIME_BOMB.pdf
Flat Earthers should learn to read #space
Cosmos:elementary 2024-03-19 | ...
Is this the Death of Dark Matter?
Cosmos:elementary 2024-03-11 | Dark matter has become an important part of the modern cosmological model. But some say it’s time to get rid of Dark Matter. Does it have any viable alternatives? My video on the Missing Satellite Problem youtube.com/watch?v=Yx1BDLDXtrE My video on what stars actually orbityoutube.com/watch?v=sQDlVLyHqgY 00:00 - Intro 03:52 - Evidence for Dark Matter 14:57 - Arguments against Dark Matter and alternatives Sources Dark matterpnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.1516944112 https://magazine.caltech.edu/post/where-is-dark-matter-hiding Red Dwarfshubblesite.org/contents/news-releases/1994/news-1994-41.html Problems of Dark Matterforbes.com/sites/startswithabang/2020/12/22/the-one-big-problem-with-all-alternatives-to-dark-matter-and-dark-energy/?sh=1a6b4d247f55 skyandtelescope.org/astronomy-news/the-alignment-of-the-milky-ways-entourage-explained eso.org/public/russia/news/1217/?lang MOND and CMBphys.org/news/2021-10-mond-theory-account-cosmic-microwave.html MOND and Bullet Clusterhttp://backreaction.blogspot.com/2017/01/the-bullet-cluster-as-evidence-against.html Bullet Clusterforbes.com/sites/startswithabang/2017/11/09/the-bullet-cluster-proves-dark-matter-exists-but-not-for-the-reason-most-physicists-think/?sh=4e906d611738 arxiv.org/pdf/1003.0939.pdf A galaxy without dark mattersciencealert.com/physicists-have-just-revived-a-previously-debunked-alternative-theory-of-gravity Lensingarstechnica.com/science/2020/09/dark-matter-models-get-most-of-the-universe-right-but-fail-in-the-details academic.oup.com/mnras/article/327/2/557/1040696 Rotation curves and External Field Effectphys.org/news/2020-12-unique-gravity-dark-theory.html iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-4357/abbb96 Mond and clusteraanda.org/articles/aa/full_html/2017/02/aa29358-16/aa29358-16.html arxiv.org/abs/1810.03089 Mond and Philosophy of Sciencedoi.org/10.1017/9781108610926.010 Reveiwmdpi.com/2073-8994/14/7/1331 space.com/ditch-dark-matter-new-theory-gravity phys.org/news/2022-07-dark-ditch-favor-theory-gravity.html Superfluid dark matter https://penntoday.upenn.edu/news/physicist-theorizes-dark-matter-superfluidarxiv.org/pdf/1507.01019.pdf Some Lecturesyoutube.com/watch?v=U4sw3-__pGo youtube.com/watch?v=iu7LDGhSi1A
Why cant we see planes from space? #space
Cosmos:elementary 2024-02-26 | ...
How to colonize the galaxy on a planet-spaceship?
Cosmos:elementary 2024-02-22 | Could we colonize the galaxy without faster-than-light travel? Or technologies like warp drives and using wormholes? Let’s talk about how to use a planet to travel the galaxy My video about Warp drivesyoutube.com/watch?v=ysIK-Qek8q0 My video about Photon drivesyoutube.com/watch?v=Hy8UENnl3CA Мое видео о гравитационных маневрах youtube.com/watch?v=nomqNrTc0wc My video about gravity assistsyoutube.com/watch?v=ZXEcCx9M4IU 00:00 - Into 03:47 - The Idea 08:32 - Scenarios 16:05 - How to do it Sources Closest approachiopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/2041-8205/800/1/L17 Early humanssmithsonianmag.com/science-nature/essential-timeline-understanding-evolution-homo-sapiens-180976807 Proxima Centauri imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov/features/cosmic/nearest_star_info.html Oort cloudsolarsystem.nasa.gov/solar-system/oort-cloud/overview Rogue planetsearthsky.org/space/rogue-planets-milky-way-roman-space-telescope earthsky.org/space/50-billion-free-floating-planets-in-milky-way arxiv.org/pdf/1902.04652.pdf iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-3881/aba75b eso.org/public/news/eso2120 theconversation.com/rogue-planets-how-wandering-bodies-in-interstellar-space-ended-up-on-their-own-174622 planetary.org/articles/is-life-possible-on-worlds-without-stars The studycambridge.org/core/journals/international-journal-of-astrobiology/article/migrating-extraterrestrial-civilizations-and-interstellar-colonization-implications-for-seti-and-seta/BFFC1BB63FED869C85172BB3CC88DBBB phys.org/news/2022-05-extraterrestrial-civilizations-colonize-galaxy-dont.html http://www.sci-news.com/astronomy/cosmic-hitchhikers-10856.html
Myths and misconceptions about the speed of light
Cosmos:elementary 2024-02-10 | There are lots of Myths and misconceptions about the speed of light, and I’m going to cover several of them in this video. Veritasium videoyoutube.com/watch?v=pTn6Ewhb27k PBS Space time on Speed of Causality youtube.com/watch?v=msVuCEs8Ydo Tom Scott’s videoyoutube.com/watch?v=tozuzV5YZ7U Sources: Speed offorbes.com/sites/quora/2018/07/02/does-anything-other-than-light-travel-at-the-speed-of-light Speed of gravitysciencealert.com/speed-of-gravitational-waves-and-light-same Sean M. Carroll’s interviewyoutube.com/watch?v=fOeLjD-dZjc Graviton http://curious.astro.cornell.edu/physics/137-physics/general-physics/particles-and-quantum-physics/813-what-is-a-graviton-intermediate Neutrinos and supernovaephysicsworld.com/a/new-correction-to-speed-of-light-could-explain-sn1987-neutrino-burst Speed of causalityforbes.com/sites/jillianscudder/2016/06/24/is-cause-effect-limited-by-the-speed-of-light/?sh=514116221a58 sciencealert.com/watch-why-the-speed-of-light-is-not-about-light Why it slows downmoviesandscience.com/blog/science/refractive-index http://curious.astro.cornell.edu/about-us/133-physics/general-physics/general-questions/832-is-the-speed-of-light-constant-beginner Polaritonsciencedirect.com/topics/chemistry/polariton mappingignorance.org/2018/01/25/what-on-earth-is-a-polariton nature.com/subjects/polaritons Freezing of lightsciencedaily.com/releases/2013/08/130806111151.htm physics.aps.org/articles/v6/80 physics.aps.org/articles/v10/s25 Speed limitforbes.com/sites/startswithabang/2018/10/09/the-universe-has-a-speed-limit-and-it-isnt-the-speed-of-light/?sh=a782bac75549 How to measure itarxiv.org/pdf/2012.12037.pdf universetoday.com/149554/theres-no-way-to-measure-the-speed-of-light-in-a-single-direction arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1011/1011.1318.pdf users.physics.ox.ac.uk/~rtaylor/teaching/specrel.pdf link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10701-020-00337-5 link.springer.com/article/10.1140/epjd/e2012-20524-8 arxiv.org/pdf/1212.2259.pdf arxiv.org/pdf/1310.1171.pdf arxiv.org/pdf/0911.3616.pdf aapt.scitation.org/doi/10.1119/1.3160665 scienceabc.com/pure-sciences/could-what-we-consider-as-the-speed-of-light-be-wrong.html spaceaustralia.com/news/one-way-speed-light https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/spacetime-convensimul/ link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12648-012-0112-4 Galaxy distortions sites.ualberta.ca/~pogosyan/teaching/ASTRO_122/lect24/lecture24.html universetoday.com/21998/the-diameter-of-the-milky-way astronomy.stackexchange.com/questions/43739/how-distorted-will-our-galaxy-be-if-we-are-viewing-it-from-several-thousand-ligh
What if there was no Big Bang? Alternatives to the Big Bang Theory
Cosmos:elementary 2024-01-29 | The Big Bang Theory is the most widely accepted description of the evolution of the Universe. But it has its problems and critics, so why is it so popular? Can it be wrong? What alternatives does it have? Sources Big Bang Theoryacademic.oup.com/astrogeo/article/54/2/2.28/302975 phys.org/news/2015-12-big-theory.html big-bang-theory.com space.com/25126-big-bang-theory.html Einstein's static universearxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1701/1701.07261.pdf sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0550321317301232 Hubblenasa.gov/centers/marshall/history/hubble02.html wired.com/2009/12/1230hubble-first-galaxy-outside-milky-way Problemscience.howstuffworks.com/dictionary/astronomy-terms/big-bang-theory7.htm forbes.com/sites/jamiecartereurope/2020/05/14/is-it-time-to-dethrone-the-big-bang-theory-heres-how-you-overthrow-it/?sh=4c785d5c20d9 bigthink.com/starts-with-a-bang/big-bang-beginning-universe Alternativesinterestingengineering.com/5-alternatives-to-the-big-bang-theory space.com/24781-big-bang-theory-alternatives-infographic.html space.com/big-bang-failed-alternative-theories Ekpyrotic Universeweb.archive.org/web/20220710210027/wwwphy.princeton.edu/~steinh/npr Steady-state https://www.astro.ucla.edu/~wright/stdystat.htm Tired Lightscience.org/content/article/tired-light-hypothesis-gets-re-tired Multiverse https://space.mit.edu/home/tegmark/PDF/multiverse_sciam.pdf
What is a NAKED SINGULARITY and does it exist?
Cosmos:elementary 2024-01-22 | We are used to hearing about singularities in black holes... but what are naked singularities? What do they represent, and can they exist? Today, we will discuss this as well as singularities in general. My video about how we know that black holes existyoutube.com/watch?v=G04QFPUsyZ0 My video about black hole alternativesyoutube.com/watch?v=_3y5AdxQ2gU My video about Black Hole Information paradoxyoutube.com/watch?v=LaRgY7tMDM4 Sources: Singularitieslivescience.com/what-is-singularity https://astronomy.swin.edu.au/cosmos/s/Singularity https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/spacetime-singularities/ einstein-online.info/en/spotlight/the-singularity-theorem einstein-online.info/en/spotlight/singularities newengineer.com/blog/what-is-singularity-1335096 mathworld.wolfram.com/Singularity.html wolframphysics.org/bulletins/2020/05/event-horizons-singularities-and-other-exotic-spacetime-phenomena prateekvjoshi.com/2014/02/07/what-is-a-singularity merriam-webster.com/dictionary/singularity https://www.wtamu.edu/~cbaird/sq/2013/09/13/does-every-black-hole-contain-a-singularity/ Penrose’s paperjournals.aps.org/prl/pdf/10.1103/PhysRevLett.14.57 Cosmic Censorship https://astronomy.swin.edu.au/cosmos/C/cosmic+censorship+conjecture arxiv.org/pdf/2012.01449.pdf link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10701-021-00432-1 Naked Singularitysciencealert.com/physicists-say-they-ve-found-a-way-to-detect-a-naked-singularity sciencealert.com/naked-singularities-can-actually-exist-in-a-three-dimensional-universe-physicists-predict space.com/do-naked-singularities-exist sciencealert.com/a-five-dimensional-black-hole-could-break-general-relativity-say-physicists Modelsarxiv.org/pdf/2205.11639.pdf arxiv.org/pdf/2205.04055.pdf arxiv.org/pdf/2011.06154.pdf arxiv.org/pdf/2003.06943.pdf arxiv.org/pdf/2004.06525.pdf arxiv.org/pdf/2204.09891.pdf arxiv.org/pdf/2109.02414.pdf arxiv.org/pdf/2105.03730.pdf arxiv.org/pdf/2003.06943.pdf arxiv.org/pdf/1709.07880.pdf
SPACE IS NOT COLD! From the Big Bang to Earth
Cosmos:elementary 2023-12-28 | Many believe that space is cold. In movies, they sometimes show a person freezing instantly when exposed to open space without a spacesuit. But would that actually happen? In this video I will answer that question as well as talk about the coldest places in the universe, interstellar and intergalactic space, cosmic microwave background radiation, and absolute black bodies. My video about the CMB and the Axis of Evilyoutube.com/watch?v=WVUuPNUhAww 00:00 - Intro 01:27 - The meaning 06:49 - Solar system, Interstellar, Intergalactic 23:01 - Big Bang, Radiation and the Coldest Places Sources Atmospheric densityengineeringtoolbox.com/standard-atmosphere-d_604.html ISS orbiteol.jsc.nasa.gov/Tools/orbitTutorial.htm arstechnica.com/science/2013/07/how-nasa-steers-the-international-space-station-around-space-junk Gas temperaturegrc.nasa.gov/www/k-12/airplane/temptr.html Temperature and Heatenergyeducation.ca/encyclopedia/Heat_vs_temperature socratic.org/questions/58189eae11ef6b1f14d6a27d https://www.education.vic.gov.au/school/teachers/teachingresources/discipline/science/continuum/Pages/particles.aspx Thermosphere https://scied.ucar.edu/learning-zone/atmosphere/thermosphere Parker Solar Probenasa.gov/feature/goddard/2018/traveling-to-the-sun-why-won-t-parker-solar-probe-melt physics.aps.org/articles/v14/176 Heat transfer https://www3.uwsp.edu/cnr-ap/KEEP/nres633/Pages/Unit2/Section-B-Energy-Transfer.aspx How fastbusinessinsider.com/how-long-human-survive-outer-space-without-spacesuit-2017-5 ISSscience.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/2001/ast21mar_1 Spacesuits nasa.gov/feature/spacewalk-spacesuit-basics Mercurysolarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/mercury/in-depth eso.org/public/outreach/eduoff/vt-2004/mt-2003/mt-mercury-rotation.html Phobossolarsystem.nasa.gov/moons/mars-moons/phobos/in-depth Plutouniversetoday.com/13893/temperature-of-pluto Absolute Zeroblogs.scientificamerican.com/observations/racing-toward-absolute-zero James Webb Space Telescopespace.com/james-webb-space-telescope-mirrors-temperature blogs.nasa.gov/webb/2022/04/21/is-webb-at-its-final-temperature webb.nasa.gov/content/about/innovations/cryocooler.html webb.nasa.gov/content/about/orbit.html Interstellar Gas https://astronomy.swin.edu.au/cosmos/I/interstellar+gas+cloud Intergalactic Gas https://astronomy.swin.edu.au/cosmos/i/Intergalactic+Medium https://www.esa.int/ESA_Multimedia/Images/2013/11/Hot_gas_sloshing_in_a_galactic_cauldron In Space https://sitn.hms.harvard.edu/flash/2013/space-human-bodyforbes.com/sites/paulmsutter/2019/04/05/you-will-not-freeze-to-death-in-space/?sh=368ba9dc6523 livescience.com/human-body-no-spacesuit businessinsider.com/how-long-human-survive-outer-space-without-spacesuit-2017-5 Thermal Radiationsciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/thermal-radiation https://astronomy.swin.edu.au/cosmos/T/Thermal+Radiation https://astronomy.swin.edu.au/cosmos/n/Non-thermal+Radiation CMBbigthink.com/starts-with-a-bang/universe-temperature https://www.princeton.edu/~romalis/PHYS210/CMBTemperature.pdf Black Body https://phet.colorado.edu/sims/html/blackbody-spectrum/latest/blackbody-spectrum_en.html https://astronomy.swin.edu.au/cosmos/B/Blackbody+Radiation Boomerang Nebula https://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Space_Science/The_Boomerang_Nebula_-_the_coolest_place_in_the_Universe_heic0301sciencealert.com/scientists-can-finally-explain-why-the-boomerang-nebula-is-colder-than-space-itself https://public.nrao.edu/news/2017-alma-boomerang/#PRimage0web.archive.org/web/20060901031441/http://www.smh.com.au/articles/2003/02/20/1045638427695.html
What if time doesn’t exist?
Cosmos:elementary 2023-12-16 | Scientists and philosophers have been arguing about the nature of time for millenia. Some even claim that it may not exist at all. But what does that mean? What is time and how can it not exist? 00:00 - Intro 02:22 - What does it mean? 6:33 - Time in different theories 18:33 - Philosophy of Time Sources: Colorsmedium.com/predict/what-color-is-everything-when-nobody-is-looking-aefaee67dcf2 askamathematician.com/2012/06/q-do-colors-exist Dictionarymerriam-webster.com/dictionary/time#:~:text=Synonyms%20of%20time-,1,past%20through%20present%20to%20future Aristotele oxford.universitypressscholarship.com/view/10.1093/0199247900.001.0001/acprof-9780199247905 Time dilationlivescience.com/what-is-time-dilation Arrows of time https://web.physics.ucsb.edu/~quniverse/arrows.html Time and loop quantum gravityarxiv.org/pdf/1802.02382.pdf space.com/time-might-not-exist-according-to-physicists Is time realnature.com/articles/d41586-018-04558-7 preposterousuniverse.com/blog/2013/10/18/is-time-real bigthink.com/starts-with-a-bang/does-time-exist-182965 thoughtco.com/does-time-really-exist-2699430 livescience.com/29081-time-real-illusion-smolin.html quantamagazine.org/a-debate-over-the-physics-of-time-20160719 quantamagazine.org/does-time-really-flow-new-clues-come-from-a-century-old-approach-to-math-20200407 Block Universe https://www.abc.net.au/news/science/2018-09-02/block-universe-theory-time-past-present-future-travel/10178386interestingengineering.com/block-universe-theory-is-the-passing-of-time-an-illusion Time in QMarxiv.org/pdf/2106.15088.pdf frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2018.00081/full link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-540-70626-7_221 arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/2203/2203.13196.pdf Presentism, Eternalism, Growing Block Universe https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/time/ https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/time-thermo/ https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/presentism/ https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/spacetime-bebecome/
Is asteroid mining a dumb idea?
Cosmos:elementary 2023-11-30 | You might have heard about asteroids that are worth billions or even trillions of dollars, because they have lots of valuable resources like gold and platinum. So it’s only logical that people would want to get those resources. But is it actually a good idea and is it even possible? My video on Mars Oneyoutube.com/watch?v=tNu4mAsqS8M 00:00 - Intro 02:47 - What's there on asteroids 7:43 - How do we know it? 17:43 - How to mine 25:20 - Actual companies Sources Asteroid typessolarsystem.nasa.gov/asteroids-comets-and-meteors/asteroids/in-depth Asteroid valueshttp://www.asterank.com Composition http://curious.astro.cornell.edu/about-us/72-our-solar-system/comets-meteors-and-asteroids/asteroids/295-how-are-asteroid-compositions-and-classifications-determined-intermediate Osiris-Rexnasa.gov/press-release/nasa-s-osiris-rex-successfully-stows-sample-of-asteroid-bennu HED meteorites https://meteorites.asu.edu/achondrites/hed-meteorites NEOscneos.jpl.nasa.gov/about/neo_groups.html Asteroid redirect missionjpl.nasa.gov/missions/asteroid-redirect-robotic-mission-arrm Lawsiopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1757-899X/738/1/012014/pdf theguardian.com/business/2016/feb/06/asteroid-mining-space-minerals-legal-issues arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/2011/2011.03369.pdf Economicsarxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1810/1810.03836.pdf Companiesasteroidminingcorporation.co.uk transastracorp.com/apis-spacecraft MIT reviewtechnologyreview.com/2019/06/26/134510/asteroid-mining-bubble-burst-history Miningarxiv.org/pdf/1808.05099.pdf sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0273117720304142?via%3Dihub oxfordre.com/planetaryscience/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190647926.001.0001/acrefore-9780190647926-e-13 https://lup.lub.lu.se/luur/download?func=downloadFile&recordOId=8882371&fileOId=8884121 https://calhoun.nps.edu/bitstream/handle/10945/67738/21Jun_Ho_Kenny.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y Planetary resources liebertpub.com/doi/10.1089/space.2013.0013 space.com/39363-planetary-resources-asteroid-mining-satellite-launches.html https://www.consensys.space/ DSIspace.com/42906-deep-space-industries-acquired-by-bradford-space.html Physics of mining academic.oup.com/astrogeo/article/54/5/5.10/249823
Cosmos:elementary 2023-11-22 | What is planetary intelligence? Let’s talk about what it is, whether it could help us to search for extraterrestrial intelligence. 00:00 - Intro 01:45 - Biosignatures 15:08 - Tehcnosignatures 18:56 - Planetary intelligence Sources: Biosignaturesliebertpub.com/doi/10.1089/ast.2017.1729 space.com/39476-alien-life-biosignature-gases-oxygen.html arxiv.org/pdf/1905.07070v1.pdf planetary.org/articles/how-spectroscopy-helps-search-for-alien-life Tehcnosignaturesphys.org/news/2022-02-webb-telescope-civilizations-air-pollution.html arxiv.org/pdf/2202.05858.pdf astrobiology.nasa.gov/news/technosignatures-and-the-search-for-extraterrestrial-intelligence Planetary intelligencecambridge.org/core/journals/international-journal-of-astrobiology/article/intelligence-as-a-planetary-scale-process/5077C784D7FAC55F96072F7A7772C5E5 space.com/search-for-planetary-intelligence-astrobiology phys.org/news/2022-02-planet-mind.html http://www.sci-news.com/space/planetary-intelligence-10576.html
WAS THE UNIVERSE CREATED FOR US? Fine-tuning problem
Cosmos:elementary 2023-02-16 | The universe seems to be fine-tuned for the existence of life. If some of the parameters that describe the universe were to change even slightly there would be no stars, planets and humans. Does this problem really exist and what are the solutions? My video on antimatteryoutube.com/watch?v=GwHHP2yH_vw Sources: Fine-tuning, history, solutions https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/fine-tuning/arxiv.org/pdf/2110.07783.pdf arxiv.org/pdf/2012.05617.pdf templeton.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Fine-tuning-research-1.pdf 6 constantsweb.archive.org/web/20140722210250/http://discovermagazine.com/2000/nov/cover List of fundamental constantsphysics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Category?view=pdf&Frequently+used+constants.x=64&Frequently+used+constants.y=22 Particle masses and ratiosphysics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Category?view=pdf&Atomic+and+nuclear.x=71&Atomic+and+nuclear.y=8 The universe without the weak forcearxiv.org/pdf/1801.06081.pdf Multiverse https://space.mit.edu/home/tegmark/PDF/multiverse_sciam.pdf Anthropic principleforbes.com/sites/startswithabang/2017/01/26/how-the-anthropic-principle-became-the-most-abused-idea-in-science
Flying to the center of the Milky Way
Cosmos:elementary 2023-02-08 | what will we see in the center of our Galaxy?
The biggest scam in the history of space exploration? / Mars One
Cosmos:elementary 2023-02-02 | Establishing the first ever human colony on Mars and making a reality show out of it…that sounds crazy. But the company that apparently wanted to do it existed for about 10 years. Let’s talk about the history of Mars One. My video on colonizing Marsyoutube.com/watch?v=RYklurD__is 00:00 - Into 01:30 - The Plan 06:16 - The company 08:38 - The technology 17:51 - The Money 23:29 - The People Sources: Official websitehttp://mars-one.com Archived websiteweb.archive.org/web/*/http://mars-one.com 2013 conferenceyoutube.com/watch?v=27UDD70cQ4Y Articles on Mars One 2014 Medium.com medium.com/matter/all-dressed-up-for-mars-and-nowhere-to-go-7e76df527ca0 2015businessinsider.com/strange-video-interviews-with-mars-one-finalists-2015-2 medium.com/matter/mars-one-insider-quits-dangerously-flawed-project-2dfef95217d3 time.com/3716823/mars-one-space-travel-finalist businessinsider.com/mars-one-trip-wont-work-2015-2 theguardian.com/science/2015/feb/09/mars-one-mission-a-one-way-trip-to-the-red-planet-in-2024 2016thespacereview.com/article/3080/1 Bankruptcy forbes.com/sites/jonathanocallaghan/2019/02/11/goodbye-mars-one-the-fake-mission-to-mars-that-fooled-the-world/?sh=72b5e7042af5 npr.org/2019/02/12/693945694/mars-one-fizzles-into-bankruptcy-after-promising-a-new-life-in-space Debatesyoutube.com/watch?v=_XUl8xw0Ywg Perseverance cost planetary.org/space-policy/cost-of-perseverance Endemolspacenews.com/mars-one-loses-television-deal Crowdfunding indiegogo.com/projects/mars-one-first-private-mars-mission-in-2018# Star Citizeneurogamer.net/articles/2021-11-20-star-citizen-crosses-the-usd400m-raised-mark Business database https://www.zefix.ch/en/search/entity/list/firm/1018723bloomberg.com/profile/company/KCC:GR pitchbook.com/profiles/company/167313-52#funding ADStandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14777622.2017.1288512 meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EPSC2013/EPSC2013-1077.pdf Independent analysis https://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/103973/de%20Weck_An%20independent.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y Paragon’s paperforum.nasaspaceflight.com/index.php?PHPSESSID=jt2688nlute0ehlbt6mff95skk&action=dlattach;topic=37937.0;attach=1037001;sess=0 Lansdorp’s twittertwitter.com/baslansdorp
Why do Flat Earthers ask NASA to do this?
Cosmos:elementary 2023-01-31 | Why does flat earther's request to show the Entire Earth using the Hubble space telescope make no sense
What if we put all planets between Earth and the Moon?
Cosmos:elementary 2023-01-25 | What would happen if we placed all of them planets between Earth and the Moon?
How to tell a planet from a star
Cosmos:elementary 2023-01-22 | Planets and stars may look similar in the sky, but there is an easy way to tell them apart without telescopes or special apps.
RED SKY PARADOX. How to solve it?
Cosmos:elementary 2023-01-12 | In this video we are going to talk about a weird red sky paradox. About solutions, and about red dwarfs. Sources Nearest Starsspace.com/18964-the-nearest-stars-to-earth-infographic.html astrosociety.org/file_download/inline/c35f3aca-f235-4e77-8b95-33541652d289 Red sky paradoxpnas.org/content/118/26/e2026808118 arxiv.org/pdf/2106.11207.pdf sciencealert.com/why-the-heck-aren-t-we-orbiting-a-red-dwarf-star astrobites.org/2021/08/24/red-sky-paradox Red dwarfsspace.com/23772-red-dwarf-stars.html astronomy.com/magazine/2019/01/why-does-the-universe-make-so-many-tiny-stars https://sites.lsa.umich.edu/lhartm/research/what-determines-the-masses-of-stars-and-why-do-stars-form-in-clusters/ https://www.mpm.edu/planetarium-newsletter-february-2019eso.org/public/news/eso1214 astrobiology.nasa.gov/news/red-dwarf-stars-and-the-planets-around-them-2 Colorastronomy.com/magazine/ask-astro/2015/05/the-suns-red-neighbor earthsky.org/tonight/can-you-see-the-different-colors-of-the-stars skyandtelescope.org/astronomy-resources/the-spectral-types-of-stars astronomy.com/magazine/glenn-chaple/2021/04/color-coding-stars Stellar colors tablehttp://www.vendian.org/mncharity/dir3/starcolor Sky on different planetsyoutube.com/watch?v=vrLfHv6sze0 Flaresspace.com/proxima-centauri-emits-largest-stellar-flare.html Giant planetspace.com/gas-giant-alien-planet-red-dwarf.html PMS stars Https://lweb.cfa.harvard.edu/~pberlind/atlas/htmls/pmsstars.html
Is Colonizing Mars just dumb?
Cosmos:elementary 2022-12-15 | People like to discuss when and how we will create a Mars colony. But should we even do it or it’s the dumbest idea ever? Let’s talk about various arguments for and against colonizing Mars. Sources: Mars in six years?theguardian.com/technology/2016/sep/27/elon-musk-spacex-mars-colony Mars Oneengadget.com/2019-02-11-mars-one-is-dead.html Sagan’s Essaydaily.jstor.org/should-we-go-to-mars-carl-sagan-had-thoughts jstor.org/stable/pdf/43311109.pdf?refreqid=excelsior%3A5314fd6cd61478c000f8a70554f517c2 Apollo costsplanetary.org/space-policy/cost-of-apollo Nasa budget planetary.org/space-policy/nasas-fy-2021-budget#:~:text=NASA's%20budget%20for%20fiscal%20year,over%20the%20previous%20year's%20amount. Musks note https://www.businessinsider.in/science/space/news/elon-musk-asks-spacex-employees-to-work-over-the-weekend-as-company-faces-risk-of-bankruptcy/articleshow/88026922.cms Metals on Marsastrobiology.nasa.gov/news/rare-metals-on-mars-and-earth-implicate-colossal-impacts curator.jsc.nasa.gov/antmet/mmc/introduction.cfm https://sites.wustl.edu/meteoritesite/items/chemical-composition-of-meteorites/ Mars Launch windowforbes.com/sites/jamiecartereurope/2020/07/08/mars-alert-why-three-spacecraft-must-leave-for-the-red-planet-within-days-or-miss-their-chance/?sh=928753d5f936 mars.nasa.gov/mars2020/timeline/cruise How longimage.gsfc.nasa.gov/poetry/venus/q2811.html Mining on Marsbigthink.com/hard-science/drill-baby-drill-what-will-we-look-for-when-were-mining-on-mars Antarctica worldpopulationreview.com/continents/antarctica-population Population Growth worldometers.info/world-population Area of Marsmars.nasa.gov/print/?print=detailedfacts A million people on Marsfuturism.com/the-byte/elon-musk-million-people-mars-2050 Economicslink.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-90303-3_12 edition.cnn.com/2020/09/08/tech/spacex-mars-profit-scn/index.html https://scholarship.depauw.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1028&context=studentresearch Reasons https://stargazersclubwa.com.au/why-go-to-mars-the-pros-and-cons/bbc.com/news/science-environment-19666057 Forbusinessinsider.com/5-undeniable-reasons-why-humans-should-go-to-mars-2015-4 space.nss.org/the-case-for-colonizing-mars-by-robert-zubrin astronomy.com/news/2021/10/colonizing-mars-could-speed-up-human-evolution Againsttheconversation.com/sorry-elon-musk-but-its-now-clear-that-colonising-mars-is-unlikely-and-a-bad-idea-100964 futurism.com/author-martian-colonizing-mars-bad-idea toptenz.net/10-reasons-colonizing-mars-is-a-bad-idea.php futurism.com/humans-shouldnt-colonize-mars-experts theguardian.com/science/blog/2018/aug/28/the-case-against-mars-colonisation Robots vs. Humansscientificamerican.com/article/robots-vs-humans-who-should-explore marssociety.ca/human-vs-robotic-exploration space.com/41551-finding-mars-life-robots-versus-humans.html
Crazy ideas for Colonization of Mars
Cosmos:elementary 2022-12-01 | How blood can help us to colonize Mars? Why do we need bacteria on Mars? How to use moons of Mars for terraforming? Sources: Blood and regolith sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590006421000442 space.com/mars-colony-astronaut-blood-concrete phys.org/news/2021-09-cosmic-concrete-space-astronaut-blood.html Mars habitats https://digital.library.adelaide.edu.au/dspace/bitstream/2440/61315/8/02chapters1-4.pdf Sulfurcen.acs.org/articles/96/i1/build-settlements-Mars-ll-need.html Mars fact sheetnssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/marsfact.html Radiation on Marsclimate.nasa.gov/news/3105/earths-magnetosphere-protecting-our-planet-from-harmful-space-energy Fuel space.com/mars-rocket-fuel-from-microbes nature.com/articles/s41467-021-26393-7?utm_medium=affiliate&utm_source=commission_junction&utm_campaign=3_nsn6445_deeplink_PID100052171&utm_content=deeplink SpaceX and methaneinverse.com/article/59489-spacex-how-elon-musk-wants-to-reach-zero-carbon-rocket-flights Magnetic fieldnasa.gov/press-release/goddard/2020/mars-electric-currents askanastronomer.org/planets/2015/11/20/can-we-create-a-magnetic-field-for-mars Plasma torussciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0094576521005099?via%3Dihub phys.org/news/2021-11-absolutely-bonkers-mars-artificial-magnetosphere.html extremetech.com/extreme/245369-nasa-proposes-building-artificial-magnetic-field-restore-mars-atmosphere
What if black holes don’t exist? Alternatives to black holes.
Cosmos:elementary 2022-06-09 | Black holes are commonly accepted to be real, but what if they are not? What are alternatives to black holes? And what problems are those alternative theories trying to solve? My video on why we think black holes existyoutube.com/watch?v=G04QFPUsyZ0 My video on information loss paradoxyoutube.com/watch?v=LaRgY7tMDM4 Sources Black hole formationarxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1609/1609.08411.pdf mcdonaldobservatory.org/news/gallery/neutron-stars-merge-form-black-hole Semiclassical gravity phys.org/news/2013-05-semiclassical-gravity-counterintuitive-horizon-testability.html Alternatives skyandtelescope.org/astronomy-news/physicist-proposes-new-black-hole-alternative science.org/doi/10.1126/science.371.6525.118 https://cds.cern.ch/record/2663096/files/1902.07990.pdf Black stararxiv.org/pdf/0712.1130.pdf https://physics.ucf.edu/~britt/AST2002/R9-Barcelo-Black%20stars,%20not%20holes.pdf Dark Energyscience.nasa.gov/astrophysics/focus-areas/what-is-dark-energy earthsky.org/space/definition-what-is-dark-energy Dark-energy stararxiv.org/ftp/astro-ph/papers/0503/0503200.pdf nature.com/articles/news050328-8 nautil.us/blog/are-black-holes-actually-dark-energy-stars sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2212686421001096 https://www.slac.stanford.edu/econf/C041213/papers/0205.PDF arxiv.org/pdf/2103.15393.pdf Gravastarworldscientific.com/doi/abs/10.1142/S0218271820300049 arxiv.org/abs/2010.05354 arxiv.org/abs/0706.1513 futurism.com/the-gravastar-an-alternative-to-black-holes scientificamerican.com/article/black-hole-pretenders-could-really-be-bizarre-quantum-stars/# Planck stararxiv.org/pdf/1401.6562.pdf interestingengineering.com/a-black-holes-core-could-be-a-strange-planck-star futurism.com/what-are-planck-stars-how-do-they-differ-from-black-holes phys.org/news/2014-02-astrophysicists-duo-planck-star-core.html https://astronomy.swin.edu.au/cosmos/p/Planck+Length Fuzzballsquantamagazine.org/how-fuzzballs-solve-the-black-hole-firewall-paradox-20150623 livescience.com/string-theory-fuzzballs-are-black-holes.html Q-star (Grey hole)arxiv.org/pdf/astro-ph/9708065.pdf arxiv.org/pdf/astro-ph/0207270.pdf Boson stars sciencealert.com/there-could-be-transparent-stars-made-of-bosons-masquerading-as-black-holes
Sci-fi engines that became a reality. Ion thrusters and other types of electric drives
Cosmos:elementary 2022-04-23 | Ion drives and other types of electric thrusters. How do they work? How different are they from conventional chemical engines? What are the pros and cons? My video on Em Driveyoutube.com/watch?v=eH3po8kUEbY My video on interplanetary flightyoutube.com/watch?v=ZXEcCx9M4IU Sources: Rocketsnasa.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/files/rockets-guide-20-how-rockets-work.pdf grc.nasa.gov/www/k-12/rocket/rktth1.html space.com/how-rockets-work https://courses.ess.washington.edu/ess-102/FALL12/Lecture24_ElectricPropulsion_v2.pdf Typeshttp://www2.ee.ic.ac.uk/derek.low08/yr2proj/ion.htm Types of electric drivessciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B0122274105002015 sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128093269000130 Nasa’s bookdescanso.jpl.nasa.gov/SciTechBook/series1/Goebel__cmprsd_opt.pdf Raptoreverydayastronaut.com/raptor-engine Dawnsolarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/dawn/technology/ion-propulsion solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/dawn/technology/navigating aip.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/5.0010134 Ion drivesnasa.gov/centers/glenn/technology/Ion_Propulsion1.html nasa.gov/centers/glenn/about/fs21grc.html nasa.gov/mission_pages/tdm/sep/index.html nasa.gov/feature/glenn/2020/the-propulsion-we-re-supplying-it-s-electrifying aip.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/5.0010134 Spacecraft with ion thrusters https://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Space_Science/SMART-1/The_magic_of_ion_engines https://www.esa.int/Enabling_Support/Space_Engineering_Technology/Electric_blue_thrusters_propelling_BepiColombo_to_Mercury MROmars.nasa.gov/mro/mission/spacecraft/parts/propulsion NEXTwww1.grc.nasa.gov/space/sep/gridded-ion-thrusters-next-c/#:~:text=Performance,power%20and%20236%20mNthrust. DARTieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8742007 Watersciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0094576521003179?via%3Dihub Moleculariopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1361-6595/ab2c6c/pdf Iodinenature.com/articles/s41586-021-04015-y Airbreathing engineshindawi.com/journals/ijae/2020/8811847