What is the Axis of Evil? Cosmological anomalies and the cosmic microwave background Cosmos:elementary 2020-07-31 | What is the Axis of Evil? In this video we are talking about the supposed CMB anomalies, about the CMB itself and also the cosmological principleSourcesCosmologyhttps://astronomy.swin.edu.au/cosmos/C/CosmologyStandard cosmological modelhttps://www.intechopen.com/books/redefining-standard-model-cosmology/introductory-chapter-standard-model-of-cosmologyhttp://cosmology.berkeley.edu/Education/CosmologyEssays/The_Standard_Cosmology.htmlCosmological principlehttp://abyss.uoregon.edu/~js/cosmo/lectures/lec05.htmlhttps://www.astronomynotes.com/cosmolgy/s3.htm#:~:text=The%20cosmological%20principle%20allows%20the,time%3B%20there%20is%20no%20evolution.http://research.iac.es/congreso/isapp2012//media/Longair-lectures/Longair1.pdfhttp://www.astro.ucla.edu/~wright/cosmo_01.htmCosmic microwave backgroundhttps://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Space_Science/Planck/Planck_and_the_cosmic_microwave_backgroundhttps://astronomy.swin.edu.au/cosmos/C/Cosmic+microwave+backgroundhttps://astronomy.swin.edu.au/cosmos/E/Epoch+Of+Recombinationhttps://www.nasa.gov/feature/making-sense-of-the-big-bang-wilkinson-microwave-anisotropy-probehttps://medium.com/starts-with-a-bang/ask-ethan-75-how-can-we-still-see-the-big-bang-d7b438030083https://wmap.gsfc.nasa.gov/universe/bb_tests_cmb.html#:~:text=Tests%20of%20Big%20Bang%3A%20The,microwave%20background%22%2C%20or%20CMB.https://wmap.gsfc.nasa.gov/universe/bb_cosmo_fluct.html#:~:text=The%20cosmic%20microwave%20background%20is,and%20content%20of%20the%20universe.Dipole anisotropyhttps://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/level5/March05/Scott/Scott2.htmlhttp://www.physics.unlv.edu/~jeffery/astro/cosmol/cmb_dipole_anisotropy.html2003 studyhttps://arxiv.org/pdf/astro-ph/0307282.pdfThe Axis of Evilhttps://arxiv.org/pdf/astro-ph/0502237.pdfОсь Злаhttps://www.space.com/37334-earth-ordinary-cosmological-axis-evil.htmlhttp://www.thephysicsmill.com/2015/10/31/the-cmb-axis-of-evil-and-the-nature-of-randomness/https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn23301-planck-shows-almost-perfect-cosmos-plus-axis-of-evil/https://www.nature.com/news/zombie-physics-6-baffling-results-that-just-won-t-die-1.18685https://medium.com/starts-with-a-bang/ask-ethan-85-hubble-vs-the-big-bang-8b26ef0fdfb6#.lhqhcz4iphttps://briankoberlein.com/post/anomalous-anomalies/Sachs-wolfe effecthttps://arxiv.org/pdf/1303.5051.pdfMaskinghttps://arxiv.org/pdf/1405.1844.pdfPlanck observatory datahttps://arxiv.org/pdf/1906.02552.pdfGravitational lensinghttps://arxiv.org/abs/0909.2495Galactic spinshttps://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/0707/0707.3793.pdfhttps://arxiv.org/pdf/2004.02963.pdfhttps://www.sciencealert.com/the-spin-directions-of-spiral-galaxies-suggest-the-axis-of-evil-is-realSupernovaehttps://arxiv.org/pdf/1903.12401.pdfAsymmetric expansionhttps://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Space_Science/Rethinking_cosmology_Universe_expansion_may_not_be_uniformStephen Hawking initialshttps://arxiv.org/pdf/1001.4758.pdf
Can a system with thousands of habitable planets exist? Cosmos:elementary 2024-07-26 | Our Solar System is kind of boring. I mean, it only has eight planets. But are there any more impressive systems known to us, and what is the theoretical limit on the number of planets around a single star? And if we could design planetary systems ourselves, how many planets could we fit there? Tens? Hundreds? Thousands?Sean Raymond articles:https://planetplanet.net/the-ultimate-solar-system/ https://planetplanet.net/2017/05/03/the-ultimate-engineered-solar-system/ My video on Counter Earthhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ikBij1SbGs0 My video about the moon and double planetshttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jlnXNzQjyQI 00:00 - Intro01:45 - The reality06:56 - Habitable zone20:26 - Outside the habitable zoneSourcesKepler-90https://exoplanets.nasa.gov/exoplanet-catalog/6123/kepler-90b/https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/images/pia22193-kepler-90-system-compared-to-our-solar-system-artists-concept Limitshttps://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-3881/ab9ffe https://astrobiology.nasa.gov/news/how-many-habitable-zone-planets-can-orbit-a-host-star/#:~:text=Their%20model%20determined%20that%20it,six%20planets%20with%20liquid%20water. https://www.sciencealert.com/there-could-be-as-many-as-7-habitable-worlds-orbiting-around-some-distant-stars Hill spherehttps://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007/978-3-662-44185-5_724http://astro.vaporia.com/start/hillradius.html Engineered systemshttps://www.livescience.com/maximum-number-of-planets-orbit-sun Sean Raymond articles:https://planetplanet.net/the-ultimate-solar-system/ https://planetplanet.net/2017/05/03/the-ultimate-engineered-solar-system/ Trojan planetshttps://arxiv.org/pdf/1901.07250.pdfhttps://arxiv.org/pdf/astro-ph/0408079.pdfhttps://arxiv.org/PS_cache/arxiv/pdf/1004/1004.0726v1.pdfCoorbital planetshttps://www.newscientist.com/article/dn20160-two-planets-found-sharing-one-orbit/ Calculatorhttps://web.archive.org/web/20220602153204/http://depts.washington.edu/naivpl/sites/default/files/hz_0.shtml Sun’s surface temperaturehttps://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007/978-3-642-11274-4_487Stability of systemshttps://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10569-010-9288-0 https://arxiv.org/pdf/1703.08426.pdfEarth and Sun masseshttps://www.space.com/17001-how-big-is-the-sun-size-of-the-sun.html Solar systemhttps://solarsystem.nasa.gov/solar-system/sun/in-depth/ Chemical composition of the Universehttps://sciencenotes.org/what-is-the-most-abundant-element-in-the-uVisualizations https://lucas.bourneuf.net/blog/uess.html
How to Survive on the ‘Dark Side’ of the Moon Cosmos:elementary 2024-07-11 | The long lunar night is a major barrier to the exploration and colonization of the Moon. Extreme temperature fluctuations as well as energy production issues, pose significant challenges. How can we address these issues to ensure that people and equipment can survive the lunar night?How thermocouples workhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PccE4WcfnAw00:00 - Intro01:45 - What’s the problem?07:42 - How has it been addressed20:47 - What to do?Sources: Day and Nighthttps://moon.nasa.gov/inside-and-out/top-moon-questions/Temperature fluctuationshttps://www.livescience.com/why-do-deserts-get-cold-at-night.htmlhttps://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/biome/biodesert.php https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/greatest-temperature-range-in-day Temperatureshttps://lunar.gsfc.nasa.gov/images/lithos/LROlitho7temperaturevariation27May2014.pdfISShttps://science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/2001/ast21mar_1Apollo 11https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/apollo/missions/apollo11.htmlApollo 17https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/apollo/missions/apollo17.html Luna 9https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/luna-09/in-depth/https://scientificrussia.ru/articles/ams-luna-9-pervaya-v-istorii-chelovechestva-myagkaya-posadka-na-lunu Surveyor 1https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/surveyor-1/in-depth/MLIhttps://www.esa.int/ESA_Multimedia/Images/2016/08/Multi-layer_insulation_blanketsLunokhodhttps://www.space.com/35090-lunokhod-1.htmlhttps://www.laspace.ru/projects/planets/luna-17/ Apollo 13https://www.spacesafetymagazine.com/aerospace-engineering/nuclear-propulsion/will-anyone-recover-apollo-13s-plutonium/How to survivehttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0032063310003065 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pss.2010.09.024https://www.space.com/moon-missions-artemis-challenges-overnightRegolithhttps://www.esa.int/Enabling_Support/Space_Engineering_Technology/Surviving_the_long_dark_night_of_the_Moon http://ltu.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1039969/FULLTEXT02.pdf https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/19930007428/downloads/19930007428.pdf https://denning.atmos.colostate.edu/readings/lunar.regolith.heat.transfer.pdf RTGshttps://rps.nasa.gov/about-rps/overview/https://www.qrg.northwestern.edu/projects/vss/docs/power/1-what-are-rtgs.htmlMMRTGhttps://rps.nasa.gov/power-and-thermal-systems/power-systems/ Mild temperatureshttps://newsroom.ucla.edu/releases/places-on-moon-where-its-always-sweater-weatherhttps://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2022GL099710 Chang'e 4https://indianexpress.com/article/technology/science/change-4-survives-first-lunar-night-wakes-up-to-minus-190-degrees-centigrade-5564555/https://spacenews.com/change-4-spacecraft-enter-lunar-nighttime-china-planning-future-missions-cooperation/ Orbital mirrorshttps://www.iflscience.com/there-s-a-surprisingly-affordable-way-to-power-lunar-bases-without-storage-66003Brickshttps://scienceillustrated.com.au/blog/science/powering-a-moon-base/Poleshttps://www.lpi.usra.edu/science/moonPoles
What’s actually wrong with our Moon? Cosmos:elementary 2024-07-03 | Are the Moon and Earth a double planet? What makes the Moon so special? Is it time to recognize the Moon as the ninth planet of the solar system? And why do some people believe the Moon is artificial?00:00 - Intro01:41 - Why So Huge10:30 - Double Planet19:26 - 9th planet23:58 - Weird CratersSources: Large moonshttps://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2022/02/220201144027.htm https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-022-28063-8Earthhttps://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/earthfact.html Moonhttps://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/moonfact.html Jupiterhttps://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/jupiterfact.htmlhttps://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/joviansatfact.html Red dwarfshttps://universemagazine.com/en/tess-discovered-a-large-planet-near-a-small-star/https://www.centauri-dreams.org/2021/02/01/how-common-are-giant-planets-around-red-dwarfs/ IAU resolutionhttps://www.iau.org/static/resolutions/Resolution_GA26-5-6.pdf Double planethttps://www.sciencefocus.com/space/what-is-a-binary-planet-system/ https://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Space_Science/SMART-1/Moon_Welcome_to_the_double_planet http://curious.astro.cornell.edu/about-us/37-our-solar-system/the-moon/the-moon-and-the-earth/42-are-earth-and-the-moon-twin-planets-beginner https://www.universetoday.com/85749/is-the-moon-a-planet/ https://www.space.com/2743-iau-proposed-planet-definition.html https://arxiv.org/pdf/1507.06300.pdf Is the Moon a planet?https://www.scirp.org/journal/paperinformation.aspx?paperid=81133 https://sky-lights.org/2017/01/23/qa-trajectory-of-the-moon/Cratershttps://astronomy.com/magazine/ask-astro/2012/07/lunar-impacts https://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1977LPSC....8.3427P https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1174594.pdf https://www.space.com/water-ice-moon-and-mercury-craters.html https://skyandtelescope.org/observing/celestial-objects-to-watch/tycho-the-metropolitan-crater-of-the-moon/ https://steemit.com/science/@michaelmatthews/that-s-no-moon-it-s-a-space-station
What if the Universe Doesn’t Exist? Cosmos:elementary 2024-06-17 | Does our universe exist? It's a strange question, but there are several ideas suggesting that our universe is merely an illusion. In this video, we will discuss the universe as an illusion, the simulation hypothesis, and the holographic universe.My video on Information Paradoxhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LaRgY7tMDM4 My video on Fine Tuning Problemhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iVyU_kSnSeM My video on Horizons of the Universehttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QV98ZzdZMhI 00:00 - Intro02:00 - Illusion07:00 - Simulation 19:57 - HologramSourcesPerceptionhttps://zuckermaninstitute.columbia.edu/reality-illusion-world-science-festival-experts-reveal-power-and-peculiarities-brain-s-ability-senseGalaxyhttps://asd.gsfc.nasa.gov/archive/mwmw/mmw_images.htmlBostrom’s paperhttps://www.simulation-argument.com/simulation.pdfSimulation https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/do-we-live-in-a-simulation-chances-are-about-50-50/https://www.space.com/universe-simulation-hypothesis-problemshttps://www.space.com/18932-are-we-living-in-a-computer-simulation.html https://www.space.com/30124-is-our-universe-a-fake.htmlhttps://bigthink.com/thinking/why-the-simulation-hypothesis-is-pseudoscience/ https://www.npr.org/sections/13.7/2017/03/09/519376356/why-reality-is-not-a-video-game-and-why-it-mattershttps://www.livescience.com/54380-are-we-living-in-a-computer-simulation.html https://www.livescience.com/how-many-bits-in-the-universe https://www.wtamu.edu/~cbaird/sq/2014/09/15/could-scientists-perfectly-simulate-the-entire-universe-in-a-computer-down-to-the-last-atom https://www.quantamagazine.org/coder-physicists-are-simulating-the-universe-to-unlock-its-secrets-20180612/ https://web.archive.org/web/20181010182334/https://futurism.com/sorry-elon-physicists-say-we-definitely-arent-living-in-a-computer-simulation http://advances.sciencemag.org/content/3/9/e1701758 Hologramhttps://www.wired.co.uk/article/our-universe-is-a-hologram#:~:text=A%20holographic%20Universe%20means%20information,and%20experience%20is%20an%20illusion.https://www.space.com/black-holes-holographic-projection-quantum-computing-study https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/information-in-the-holographic-univ/# https://www.theguardian.com/science/shortcuts/2017/jan/31/guide-to-holographic-principle-of-universehttps://futurism.com/the-holographc-universe-principle-what-is-what-should-never-be https://web.archive.org/web/20140326182200/http://homepages.ihug.co.nz/~sai/hologram.html https://www.vox.com/2015/6/29/8847863/holographic-principle-universe-theory-physicshttps://www.quantamagazine.org/symmetries-reveal-clues-about-the-holographic-universe-20220112/ https://arstechnica.com/science/2020/06/natures-cosmic-hard-drive-black-holes-could-store-information-like-holograms/ Information paradoxhttps://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1742-6596/1634/1/012088/pdf
They travel to the past faster than light? Time paradox Cosmos:elementary 2024-05-31 | Tachyons are perhaps one of the strangest concepts in physics. Particles that travel faster than light and travel into the past? What might they represent, can they exist, and have there been attempts to find them?”My video on the Speed of Lighthttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pSVPFEM7JsA My video on warp driveshttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ysIK-Qek8q0Videos on Imaginary Numbershttps://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLiaHhY2iBX9g6KIvZ_703G3KJXapKkNaF00:00 - Intro02:00 - Tachyons and imaginary mass10:51 - Tachyons and paradoxes17:58 - How to find themSourcesFeinberg’s paperhttps://journals.aps.org/pr/abstract/10.1103/PhysRev.159.1089Imaginary numbershttps://www.khanacademy.org/math/algebra2/x2ec2f6f830c9fb89:complex/x2ec2f6f830c9fb89:imaginary/a/intro-to-the-imaginary-numbers1962 paperhttps://aapt.scitation.org/doi/10.1119/1.1941773Tachyonshttps://math.ucr.edu/home/baez/physics/ParticleAndNuclear/tachyons.html https://www.space.com/tachyons-facts-about-particleshttps://www.scientificamerican.com/article/what-is-known-about-tachy/ Paradoxeshttps://sites.pitt.edu/~jdnorton/teaching/HPS_0410/chapters/spacetime_tachyon/index.htmlhttps://sites.pitt.edu/~jdnorton/teaching/HPS_0410/chapters/spacetime_tachyon/two_spaceship_paradox.htmlCherenkov radiationhttps://www.iaea.org/newscenter/news/what-is-cherenkov-radiationProductshttps://skepticalinquirer.org/newsletter/tachyons-and-other-nonentities/FTL and time travelhttp://www.physicsmatt.com/blog/2016/8/25/why-ftl-implies-time-travelAntitelephonehttps://sci-hub.se/https://journals.aps.org/prd/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevD.2.263https://arxiv.org/pdf/hep-th/9508164.pdf Tachyonshttps://arxiv.org/pdf/1112.4187.pdfSearchhttps://arxiv.org/pdf/2204.12017.pdfNeutrinoshttps://www.nature.com/articles/nature.2012.10249 https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/JHEP10(2012)093 Black holeshttps://arxiv.org/pdf/2201.02622.pdfDark Energyhttps://arxiv.org/pdf/1811.03470.pdfhttps://arxiv.org/pdf/1311.0227.pdfDark matterhttps://arxiv.org/pdf/1601.06772.pdfSupernova remnants https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214404815000257?via%3DihubTachyon starshttps://arxiv.org/pdf/1110.2523.pdf
Saturns rings paradox Cosmos:elementary 2024-05-18 | Saturn is a beautiful planet. Its unique rings are impressive, but scientists are still not sure how they formed, and the existing theories are inconsistent with each other. So what’s the paradox of Saturn’s rings?My video on presolar grainshttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cPdR4e0-SYk 00:00 - Intro02:14 - What's so special 07:15 - What are they like 12:32 - Formation SourcesGalileo and Saturn https://spacecentre.co.uk/blog-post/galileos-telescope-changed-our-view-of-the-solar-system/Grand Finale https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/cassini/mission/grand-finale/overview/Haumea https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/dwarf-planets/haumea/in-depth/#otp_ringsAsteroid with ringshttps://solarsystem.nasa.gov/asteroids-comets-and-meteors/asteroids/10199-chariklo/in-depth/Super Saturn https://exoplanets.nasa.gov/news/184/super-saturn-astronomers-find-a-massive-ring-system-around-an-exoplanet/James Elliott https://www.nature.com/articles/267328a0 Herschel https://phys.org/news/2007-04-william-herschel-uranus-18th-century.htmlRings structure https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/cassini/science/rings/ https://www.space.com/23235-rings-of-saturn.htmlPhoebe ringhttps://www.planetary.org/articles/2165How much falls onto Earth https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/antarctic-study-shows-how-much-space-dust-hits-earth-every-year/Hypotheseshttps://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/0912/0912.3017.pdfhttps://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/2205/2205.06914.pdfDisrupted moon https://www.space.com/saturn-destroyed-moon-to-make-ringshttps://news.mit.edu/2022/saturn-rings-tilt-missing-moon-0915https://arxiv.org/pdf/1709.08768.pdfPart of the moon https://www.nature.com/articles/news.2010.515https://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/lpsc2011/pdf/2151.pdf More on agehttps://www.quantamagazine.org/are-saturns-rings-really-as-young-as-the-dinosaurs-20191121/They will soon disappear?https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/news/794/nasa-research-reveals-saturn-is-losing-its-rings-at-worst-case-scenario-rate
Can we teleport a person to another planet? Cosmos:elementary 2024-05-02 | Each of us has dreamt at least once about being able to teleport. But is it actually possible or even a good idea?My video on warp driveshttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ysIK-Qek8q0 My video on speed of lighthttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pSVPFEM7JsA 00:00 - Intro02:04 - History and Feasibility 10:08 - Teleporting a human20:45 - Quantum teleportationSources:In Culturehttps://bigthink.com/hard-science/history-of-teleportation/The man without a Bodyhttps://gutenberg.net.au/ebooks06/0602521h.html#03 To Venus in 5 secondshttps://archive.org/details/ToVenusInFiveSeconds/page/n21/mode/2upThe wordhttps://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/teleportation#h1US air force paperhttps://sgp.fas.org/eprint/teleport.pdfTime estimateshttps://www.nbcnews.com/science/space/trouble-teleportation-it-could-take-quadrillions-years-f6C10817487https://web.archive.org/web/20200205184719/http://www2.le.ac.uk/offices/press/press-releases/2013/july/to-infinity-and-beyond-teleporting-humans-into-spaceDaniel Whiteson bookshttps://www.wired.com/story/why-cant-people-teleport/Quantum teleportationhttps://www.rochester.edu/newscenter/quantum-teleportation-to-improve-quantum-computing-441352/https://www.nii.ac.jp/userimg/press_20140630e.pdfhttps://www.extremetech.com/extreme/140550-first-teleportation-of-macroscopic-objects-leads-the-way-to-quantum-internetTeleporting a particle to spacehttps://www.popularmechanics.com/science/news/a27271/chinese-scientists-successfully-teleported-a-particle-to-space/Bose-Einstein condensate https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0256-307X/29/6/060303
The dumbest conspiracy theory Cosmos:elementary 2024-04-22 | There is a somewhat popular conspiracy theory that claims that for more than 12 000 years an alien satellite has been spying on us from the Earth’s orbit. The object is known as The Black Knight. Allegedly there’s lots of evidence for that. So let’s talk about that evidence and much more.00:00 - Intro02:13 - Basics08:29 - Tesla and LDEs17:31 - Satellites and photosSources: Imageshttps://eol.jsc.nasa.gov/SearchPhotos/photo.pl?mission=STS088&roll=724&frame=66https://eol.jsc.nasa.gov/SearchPhotos/photo.pl?mission=STS088&roll=724&frame=68Izarhttps://www.universeguide.com/star/122716/epsbooaReviewhttps://www.space.com/what-is-the-black-knight.htmlhttps://armaghplanet.com/the-truth-about-the-black-knight-satellite-mystery.html https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/the-weird-history-of-the-space-blankethttp://www.jamesoberg.com/sts88_and-black-knight.pdfhttps://skeptoid.com/episodes/4365Teslahttp://www.tfcbooks.com/tesla/1901-02-09.htmhttps://web.archive.org/web/20120925002154/http://www.thedenvereye.com/nikola-tesla-in-colorado-springs/ LDEhttps://www.mn.uio.no/fysikk/english/people/aca/sverre/articles/lde.htmlhttps://www.vice.com/en/article/ezpg8p/radio-ghosts-have-haunted-the-airwaves-for-nearly-a-centuryCoronahttps://web.archive.org/web/20170307164402/https://www.cia.gov/news-information/featured-story-archive/2010-featured-story-archive/corona-the-nation2019s-first-photoreconnaissance-satellite.htmlhttps://www.airforcemag.com/article/0995corona/https://www.cia.gov/static/3d24f7019bf7e718fd1d2a5c57e6a646/corona.pdf https://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,894745-1,00.html Lunanhttp://www.duncanlunan.com/blackknight.asphttp://www.duncanlunan.com/epsilonbootis.asp NASA reporthttps://web.archive.org/web/20100522021755/http://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/20060024715_2006175325.pdfVideoshttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6omlycVMOcwhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IXqw6NpCwIg https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3Bqaa8n6bKYMayahttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rgfFXgTsSbc
What are 3 Horizons of the Universe and can we get there? Cosmos:elementary 2024-04-05 | Where does the Universe End? What are the three horizons of the Universe? How can we see galaxies that are moving away from us faster than light? My video on the Axis of Evilhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m3JtwgTfpdg 00:00 - Intro01:14 - Particle Horizon11:55 - Hubble Horizon18:49 - Event HorizonSourcesNeutrino Backgroundhttps://arxiv.org/abs/1602.03347http://lib.sinp.msu.ru/static/tutorials/01_textbook/index-314.htmSpectral Distortionshttps://arxiv.org/abs/1903.04218https://arxiv.org/pdf/1907.13195.pdfBICEP 2https://www.nature.com/news/gravitational-waves-discovery-now-officially-dead-1.16830Observable Universehttps://www.sciencealert.com/known-universe-in-one-single-image-logarithmic-artwork-pablo-carlos-budassihttps://science.nasa.gov/observable-universeParticle Horizonhttps://arxiv.org/pdf/1302.1609.pdfCMBhttps://www.sciencefocus.com/space/will-the-cosmic-microwave-background-disappear/#:~:text=Yes.,will%20no%20longer%20be%20detectable.Size of the Universe https://www.livescience.com/how-big-universe.htmlLast Scattering Surfacehttps://map.gsfc.nasa.gov/media/990053/index.htmlhttps://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/level5/Glossary/Essay_lss.htmlAccelerated Expansionhttps://www.aa.com.tr/en/science-technology/scientists-release-largest-ever-3d-map-of-universe/1916922#:~:text=Published%20online%20late%20Sunday%2C%20the,billion%20years%20that%20came%20before.%E2%80%9D&text=Scientists%20estimate%20that%20the%20universe,%2Dbillion%2Dyears%2Dold.Cosmological Horizonshttps://cds.cern.ch/record/679214/files/0310808.pdfhttps://arxiv.org/pdf/1302.1609.pdfhttps://aapt.scitation.org/doi/10.1119/1.5088465Diagramhttps://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/67412/what-is-the-theoretical-limit-for-farthest-we-can-see-back-in-time-and-distance/67541#67541
Black holes shoot gravity lasers? Grazers, Masers and Lasers in space Cosmos:elementary 2024-03-22 | What are gravity lasers.? In this video, we'll talk about regular lasers, masers and grasers and how they work. Also how can they arise naturally in space. 00:00 - Intro01:36 - Use And how they work13:00 - Masers and Lasers in Space19:09 - Gravity LasersSources:Lasershttps://lasers.llnl.gov/education/how-lasers-work#:~:text=A%20laser%20is%20created%20when,orbit%20around%20the%20atom's%20nucleus.https://science.howstuffworks.com/laser.htmRuby laserhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/biochemistry-genetics-and-molecular-biology/ruby-laser https://sites.google.com/site/puenggphysics/home/unit-i/ruby-laser#:~:text=The%20ruby%20laser%20is%20the,absorbing%20green%20and%20blue%20light. Masershttps://astronomy.swin.edu.au/cosmos/m/Masershttps://www.cfa.harvard.edu/research/topic/masershttps://astrobites.org/2013/10/28/giant-space-masers/https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1104/1104.2306.pdf Astrophysical lasershttps://academic.oup.com/book/6534 http://www.mathnet.ru/links/3d7ec5b6eaa267d46f421ee70e5904ed/qe2349.pdf https://hubblesite.org/contents/media/images/1996/06/396-Image.html?news=true https://laserstars.org/news/EtaCarinae.html https://laserstars.org/history/masers.htmlhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/0019103583901070Gravitonshttps://www.sciencefocus.com/science/what-are-gravitons-and-do-they-really-exist/https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/article/what-are-gravitons/https://usm.maine.edu/planet/you-mention-einsteins-description-gravity-not-force-between-particles-deformations-their Gravity Lasershttps://arxiv.org/pdf/1807.03163.pdf https://arxiv.org/pdf/1604.02762.pdfhttps://arxiv.org/pdf/physics/9802037.pdfhttps://indico.cern.ch/event/593812/contributions/2569809/attachments/1468081/2270439/Black_Hole_Graviton_Laser_TIME_BOMB.pdf
Is this the Death of Dark Matter? Cosmos:elementary 2024-03-11 | Dark matter has become an important part of the modern cosmological model. But some say it’s time to get rid of Dark Matter. Does it have any viable alternatives? My video on the Missing Satellite Problem https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yx1BDLDXtrE My video on what stars actually orbithttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sQDlVLyHqgY00:00 - Intro03:52 - Evidence for Dark Matter14:57 - Arguments against Dark Matter and alternativesSourcesDark matterhttps://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.1516944112https://magazine.caltech.edu/post/where-is-dark-matter-hiding Red Dwarfshttps://hubblesite.org/contents/news-releases/1994/news-1994-41.htmlProblems of Dark Matterhttps://www.forbes.com/sites/startswithabang/2020/12/22/the-one-big-problem-with-all-alternatives-to-dark-matter-and-dark-energy/?sh=1a6b4d247f55https://skyandtelescope.org/astronomy-news/the-alignment-of-the-milky-ways-entourage-explained/ https://www.eso.org/public/russia/news/1217/?langMOND and CMBhttps://phys.org/news/2021-10-mond-theory-account-cosmic-microwave.htmlMOND and Bullet Clusterhttp://backreaction.blogspot.com/2017/01/the-bullet-cluster-as-evidence-against.htmlBullet Clusterhttps://www.forbes.com/sites/startswithabang/2017/11/09/the-bullet-cluster-proves-dark-matter-exists-but-not-for-the-reason-most-physicists-think/?sh=4e906d611738 https://arxiv.org/pdf/1003.0939.pdfA galaxy without dark matterhttps://www.sciencealert.com/physicists-have-just-revived-a-previously-debunked-alternative-theory-of-gravityLensinghttps://arstechnica.com/science/2020/09/dark-matter-models-get-most-of-the-universe-right-but-fail-in-the-details/https://academic.oup.com/mnras/article/327/2/557/1040696 Rotation curves and External Field Effecthttps://phys.org/news/2020-12-unique-gravity-dark-theory.htmlhttps://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-4357/abbb96Mond and clusterhttps://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/full_html/2017/02/aa29358-16/aa29358-16.htmlhttps://arxiv.org/abs/1810.03089Mond and Philosophy of Sciencehttps://doi.org/10.1017/9781108610926.010Reveiwhttps://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/14/7/1331https://www.space.com/ditch-dark-matter-new-theory-gravityhttps://phys.org/news/2022-07-dark-ditch-favor-theory-gravity.htmlSuperfluid dark matterhttps://penntoday.upenn.edu/news/physicist-theorizes-dark-matter-superfluidhttps://arxiv.org/pdf/1507.01019.pdf Some Lectureshttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U4sw3-__pGohttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iu7LDGhSi1A
How to colonize the galaxy on a planet-spaceship? Cosmos:elementary 2024-02-22 | Could we colonize the galaxy without faster-than-light travel? Or technologies like warp drives and using wormholes? Let’s talk about how to use a planet to travel the galaxyMy video about Warp driveshttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ysIK-Qek8q0 My video about Photon driveshttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hy8UENnl3CA Мое видео о гравитационных маневрах https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nomqNrTc0wc My video about gravity assistshttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZXEcCx9M4IU 00:00 - Into 03:47 - The Idea08:32 - Scenarios16:05 - How to do itSourcesClosest approachhttps://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/2041-8205/800/1/L17Early humanshttps://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/essential-timeline-understanding-evolution-homo-sapiens-180976807/Proxima Centauri https://imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov/features/cosmic/nearest_star_info.htmlOort cloudhttps://solarsystem.nasa.gov/solar-system/oort-cloud/overview/Rogue planetshttps://earthsky.org/space/rogue-planets-milky-way-roman-space-telescope/https://earthsky.org/space/50-billion-free-floating-planets-in-milky-way/https://arxiv.org/pdf/1902.04652.pdfhttps://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-3881/aba75bhttps://www.eso.org/public/news/eso2120/https://theconversation.com/rogue-planets-how-wandering-bodies-in-interstellar-space-ended-up-on-their-own-174622https://www.planetary.org/articles/is-life-possible-on-worlds-without-starsThe studyhttps://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/international-journal-of-astrobiology/article/migrating-extraterrestrial-civilizations-and-interstellar-colonization-implications-for-seti-and-seta/BFFC1BB63FED869C85172BB3CC88DBBB https://phys.org/news/2022-05-extraterrestrial-civilizations-colonize-galaxy-dont.htmlhttp://www.sci-news.com/astronomy/cosmic-hitchhikers-10856.html
Myths and misconceptions about the speed of light Cosmos:elementary 2024-02-10 | There are lots of Myths and misconceptions about the speed of light, and I’m going to cover several of them in this video.Veritasium videohttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pTn6Ewhb27k PBS Space time on Speed of Causality https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=msVuCEs8Ydo Tom Scott’s videohttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tozuzV5YZ7U Sources: Speed ofhttps://www.forbes.com/sites/quora/2018/07/02/does-anything-other-than-light-travel-at-the-speed-of-lightSpeed of gravityhttps://www.sciencealert.com/speed-of-gravitational-waves-and-light-same Sean M. Carroll’s interviewhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fOeLjD-dZjcGravitonhttp://curious.astro.cornell.edu/physics/137-physics/general-physics/particles-and-quantum-physics/813-what-is-a-graviton-intermediate Neutrinos and supernovaehttps://physicsworld.com/a/new-correction-to-speed-of-light-could-explain-sn1987-neutrino-burst/ Speed of causalityhttps://www.forbes.com/sites/jillianscudder/2016/06/24/is-cause-effect-limited-by-the-speed-of-light/?sh=514116221a58 https://www.sciencealert.com/watch-why-the-speed-of-light-is-not-about-light Why it slows downhttps://moviesandscience.com/blog/science/refractive-indexhttp://curious.astro.cornell.edu/about-us/133-physics/general-physics/general-questions/832-is-the-speed-of-light-constant-beginnerPolaritonhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/chemistry/polariton https://mappingignorance.org/2018/01/25/what-on-earth-is-a-polariton/https://www.nature.com/subjects/polaritons Freezing of lighthttps://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/08/130806111151.htmhttps://physics.aps.org/articles/v6/80https://physics.aps.org/articles/v10/s25Speed limithttps://www.forbes.com/sites/startswithabang/2018/10/09/the-universe-has-a-speed-limit-and-it-isnt-the-speed-of-light/?sh=a782bac75549How to measure ithttps://arxiv.org/pdf/2012.12037.pdfhttps://www.universetoday.com/149554/theres-no-way-to-measure-the-speed-of-light-in-a-single-direction/ https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1011/1011.1318.pdfhttps://users.physics.ox.ac.uk/~rtaylor/teaching/specrel.pdfhttps://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10701-020-00337-5https://link.springer.com/article/10.1140/epjd/e2012-20524-8https://arxiv.org/pdf/1212.2259.pdfhttps://arxiv.org/pdf/1310.1171.pdf https://arxiv.org/pdf/0911.3616.pdfhttps://aapt.scitation.org/doi/10.1119/1.3160665https://www.scienceabc.com/pure-sciences/could-what-we-consider-as-the-speed-of-light-be-wrong.html https://spaceaustralia.com/news/one-way-speed-lighthttps://plato.stanford.edu/entries/spacetime-convensimul/ https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12648-012-0112-4Galaxy distortions https://sites.ualberta.ca/~pogosyan/teaching/ASTRO_122/lect24/lecture24.html https://www.universetoday.com/21998/the-diameter-of-the-milky-way/https://astronomy.stackexchange.com/questions/43739/how-distorted-will-our-galaxy-be-if-we-are-viewing-it-from-several-thousand-ligh
What if there was no Big Bang? Alternatives to the Big Bang Theory Cosmos:elementary 2024-01-29 | The Big Bang Theory is the most widely accepted description of the evolution of the Universe. But it has its problems and critics, so why is it so popular? Can it be wrong? What alternatives does it have? Sources Big Bang Theoryhttps://academic.oup.com/astrogeo/article/54/2/2.28/302975https://phys.org/news/2015-12-big-theory.htmlhttps://www.big-bang-theory.com/https://www.space.com/25126-big-bang-theory.htmlEinstein's static universehttps://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1701/1701.07261.pdf https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0550321317301232 Hubblehttps://www.nasa.gov/centers/marshall/history/hubble02.html https://www.wired.com/2009/12/1230hubble-first-galaxy-outside-milky-way/ Problemhttps://science.howstuffworks.com/dictionary/astronomy-terms/big-bang-theory7.htmhttps://www.forbes.com/sites/jamiecartereurope/2020/05/14/is-it-time-to-dethrone-the-big-bang-theory-heres-how-you-overthrow-it/?sh=4c785d5c20d9 https://bigthink.com/starts-with-a-bang/big-bang-beginning-universe/Alternativeshttps://interestingengineering.com/5-alternatives-to-the-big-bang-theoryhttps://www.space.com/24781-big-bang-theory-alternatives-infographic.htmlhttps://www.space.com/big-bang-failed-alternative-theoriesEkpyrotic Universehttps://web.archive.org/web/20220710210027/https://wwwphy.princeton.edu/~steinh/npr/ Steady-statehttps://www.astro.ucla.edu/~wright/stdystat.htmTired Lighthttps://www.science.org/content/article/tired-light-hypothesis-gets-re-tiredMultiverse https://space.mit.edu/home/tegmark/PDF/multiverse_sciam.pdf
What is a NAKED SINGULARITY and does it exist? Cosmos:elementary 2024-01-22 | We are used to hearing about singularities in black holes... but what are naked singularities? What do they represent, and can they exist? Today, we will discuss this as well as singularities in general.My video about how we know that black holes existhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G04QFPUsyZ0 My video about black hole alternativeshttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_3y5AdxQ2gU My video about Black Hole Information paradoxhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LaRgY7tMDM4 Sources: Singularitieshttps://www.livescience.com/what-is-singularity https://astronomy.swin.edu.au/cosmos/s/Singularity https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/spacetime-singularities/ https://www.einstein-online.info/en/spotlight/the-singularity-theorem/https://www.einstein-online.info/en/spotlight/singularities/ https://newengineer.com/blog/what-is-singularity-1335096https://mathworld.wolfram.com/Singularity.htmlhttps://www.wolframphysics.org/bulletins/2020/05/event-horizons-singularities-and-other-exotic-spacetime-phenomenahttps://prateekvjoshi.com/2014/02/07/what-is-a-singularity/ https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/singularity https://www.wtamu.edu/~cbaird/sq/2013/09/13/does-every-black-hole-contain-a-singularity/ Penrose’s paperhttps://journals.aps.org/prl/pdf/10.1103/PhysRevLett.14.57Cosmic Censorshiphttps://astronomy.swin.edu.au/cosmos/C/cosmic+censorship+conjecture https://arxiv.org/pdf/2012.01449.pdf https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10701-021-00432-1 Naked Singularityhttps://www.sciencealert.com/physicists-say-they-ve-found-a-way-to-detect-a-naked-singularity https://www.sciencealert.com/naked-singularities-can-actually-exist-in-a-three-dimensional-universe-physicists-predicthttps://www.space.com/do-naked-singularities-exist https://www.sciencealert.com/a-five-dimensional-black-hole-could-break-general-relativity-say-physicistsModelshttps://arxiv.org/pdf/2205.11639.pdfhttps://arxiv.org/pdf/2205.04055.pdfhttps://arxiv.org/pdf/2011.06154.pdfhttps://arxiv.org/pdf/2003.06943.pdfhttps://arxiv.org/pdf/2004.06525.pdfhttps://arxiv.org/pdf/2204.09891.pdfhttps://arxiv.org/pdf/2109.02414.pdfhttps://arxiv.org/pdf/2105.03730.pdfhttps://arxiv.org/pdf/2003.06943.pdfhttps://arxiv.org/pdf/1709.07880.pdf
SPACE IS NOT COLD! From the Big Bang to Earth Cosmos:elementary 2023-12-28 | Many believe that space is cold. In movies, they sometimes show a person freezing instantly when exposed to open space without a spacesuit. But would that actually happen? In this video I will answer that question as well as talk about the coldest places in the universe, interstellar and intergalactic space, cosmic microwave background radiation, and absolute black bodies.My video about the CMB and the Axis of Evilhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WVUuPNUhAww00:00 - Intro01:27 - The meaning 06:49 - Solar system, Interstellar, Intergalactic23:01 - Big Bang, Radiation and the Coldest PlacesSources Atmospheric densityhttps://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/standard-atmosphere-d_604.htmlISS orbithttps://eol.jsc.nasa.gov/Tools/orbitTutorial.htmhttps://arstechnica.com/science/2013/07/how-nasa-steers-the-international-space-station-around-space-junk/Gas temperaturehttps://www.grc.nasa.gov/www/k-12/airplane/temptr.htmlTemperature and Heathttps://energyeducation.ca/encyclopedia/Heat_vs_temperaturehttps://socratic.org/questions/58189eae11ef6b1f14d6a27d https://www.education.vic.gov.au/school/teachers/teachingresources/discipline/science/continuum/Pages/particles.aspxThermospherehttps://scied.ucar.edu/learning-zone/atmosphere/thermosphereParker Solar Probehttps://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2018/traveling-to-the-sun-why-won-t-parker-solar-probe-melt/https://physics.aps.org/articles/v14/176Heat transferhttps://www3.uwsp.edu/cnr-ap/KEEP/nres633/Pages/Unit2/Section-B-Energy-Transfer.aspxHow fasthttps://www.businessinsider.com/how-long-human-survive-outer-space-without-spacesuit-2017-5ISShttps://science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/2001/ast21mar_1 Spacesuits https://www.nasa.gov/feature/spacewalk-spacesuit-basicsMercuryhttps://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/mercury/in-depth/ https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/eduoff/vt-2004/mt-2003/mt-mercury-rotation.htmlPhoboshttps://solarsystem.nasa.gov/moons/mars-moons/phobos/in-depth/Plutohttps://www.universetoday.com/13893/temperature-of-pluto/Absolute Zerohttps://blogs.scientificamerican.com/observations/racing-toward-absolute-zero/James Webb Space Telescopehttps://www.space.com/james-webb-space-telescope-mirrors-temperaturehttps://blogs.nasa.gov/webb/2022/04/21/is-webb-at-its-final-temperature/ https://webb.nasa.gov/content/about/innovations/cryocooler.htmlhttps://webb.nasa.gov/content/about/orbit.html Interstellar Gashttps://astronomy.swin.edu.au/cosmos/I/interstellar+gas+cloudIntergalactic Gashttps://astronomy.swin.edu.au/cosmos/i/Intergalactic+Mediumhttps://www.esa.int/ESA_Multimedia/Images/2013/11/Hot_gas_sloshing_in_a_galactic_cauldronIn Spacehttps://sitn.hms.harvard.edu/flash/2013/space-human-bodyhttps://www.forbes.com/sites/paulmsutter/2019/04/05/you-will-not-freeze-to-death-in-space/?sh=368ba9dc6523 https://www.livescience.com/human-body-no-spacesuithttps://www.businessinsider.com/how-long-human-survive-outer-space-without-spacesuit-2017-5Thermal Radiationhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/thermal-radiationhttps://astronomy.swin.edu.au/cosmos/T/Thermal+Radiationhttps://astronomy.swin.edu.au/cosmos/n/Non-thermal+RadiationCMBhttps://bigthink.com/starts-with-a-bang/universe-temperature/ https://www.princeton.edu/~romalis/PHYS210/CMBTemperature.pdfBlack Bodyhttps://phet.colorado.edu/sims/html/blackbody-spectrum/latest/blackbody-spectrum_en.htmlhttps://astronomy.swin.edu.au/cosmos/B/Blackbody+Radiation Boomerang Nebulahttps://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Space_Science/The_Boomerang_Nebula_-_the_coolest_place_in_the_Universe_heic0301https://www.sciencealert.com/scientists-can-finally-explain-why-the-boomerang-nebula-is-colder-than-space-itselfhttps://public.nrao.edu/news/2017-alma-boomerang/#PRimage0https://web.archive.org/web/20060901031441/http://www.smh.com.au/articles/2003/02/20/1045638427695.html
What if time doesn’t exist? Cosmos:elementary 2023-12-16 | Scientists and philosophers have been arguing about the nature of time for millenia. Some even claim that it may not exist at all. But what does that mean? What is time and how can it not exist? 00:00 - Intro02:22 - What does it mean?6:33 - Time in different theories18:33 - Philosophy of TimeSources: Colorshttps://medium.com/predict/what-color-is-everything-when-nobody-is-looking-aefaee67dcf2https://www.askamathematician.com/2012/06/q-do-colors-exist/Dictionaryhttps://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/time#:~:text=Synonyms%20of%20time-,1,past%20through%20present%20to%20future Aristotele https://oxford.universitypressscholarship.com/view/10.1093/0199247900.001.0001/acprof-9780199247905Time dilationhttps://www.livescience.com/what-is-time-dilationArrows of timehttps://web.physics.ucsb.edu/~quniverse/arrows.htmlTime and loop quantum gravityhttps://arxiv.org/pdf/1802.02382.pdfhttps://www.space.com/time-might-not-exist-according-to-physicists Is time realhttps://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-018-04558-7https://www.preposterousuniverse.com/blog/2013/10/18/is-time-real/https://bigthink.com/starts-with-a-bang/does-time-exist-182965/https://www.thoughtco.com/does-time-really-exist-2699430https://www.livescience.com/29081-time-real-illusion-smolin.html https://www.quantamagazine.org/a-debate-over-the-physics-of-time-20160719/https://www.quantamagazine.org/does-time-really-flow-new-clues-come-from-a-century-old-approach-to-math-20200407/ Block Universehttps://www.abc.net.au/news/science/2018-09-02/block-universe-theory-time-past-present-future-travel/10178386https://interestingengineering.com/block-universe-theory-is-the-passing-of-time-an-illusionTime in QMhttps://arxiv.org/pdf/2106.15088.pdfhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2018.00081/fullhttps://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-540-70626-7_221https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/2203/2203.13196.pdfPresentism, Eternalism, Growing Block Universehttps://plato.stanford.edu/entries/time/ https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/time-thermo/https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/presentism/ https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/spacetime-bebecome/
Is asteroid mining a dumb idea? Cosmos:elementary 2023-11-30 | You might have heard about asteroids that are worth billions or even trillions of dollars, because they have lots of valuable resources like gold and platinum. So it’s only logical that people would want to get those resources. But is it actually a good idea and is it even possible? My video on Mars Onehttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tNu4mAsqS8M 00:00 - Intro02:47 - What's there on asteroids7:43 - How do we know it?17:43 - How to mine25:20 - Actual companies SourcesAsteroid typeshttps://solarsystem.nasa.gov/asteroids-comets-and-meteors/asteroids/in-depth/Asteroid valueshttp://www.asterank.com/Compositionhttp://curious.astro.cornell.edu/about-us/72-our-solar-system/comets-meteors-and-asteroids/asteroids/295-how-are-asteroid-compositions-and-classifications-determined-intermediateOsiris-Rexhttps://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-s-osiris-rex-successfully-stows-sample-of-asteroid-bennuHED meteoriteshttps://meteorites.asu.edu/achondrites/hed-meteoritesNEOshttps://cneos.jpl.nasa.gov/about/neo_groups.htmlAsteroid redirect missionhttps://www.jpl.nasa.gov/missions/asteroid-redirect-robotic-mission-arrmLawshttps://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1757-899X/738/1/012014/pdf https://www.theguardian.com/business/2016/feb/06/asteroid-mining-space-minerals-legal-issues https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/2011/2011.03369.pdf Economicshttps://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1810/1810.03836.pdfCompanieshttps://asteroidminingcorporation.co.uk/https://www.transastracorp.com/apis-spacecraft MIT reviewhttps://www.technologyreview.com/2019/06/26/134510/asteroid-mining-bubble-burst-history/Mininghttps://arxiv.org/pdf/1808.05099.pdf https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0273117720304142?via%3Dihubhttps://oxfordre.com/planetaryscience/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190647926.001.0001/acrefore-9780190647926-e-13 https://lup.lub.lu.se/luur/download?func=downloadFile&recordOId=8882371&fileOId=8884121https://calhoun.nps.edu/bitstream/handle/10945/67738/21Jun_Ho_Kenny.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=yPlanetary resources https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/10.1089/space.2013.0013https://www.space.com/39363-planetary-resources-asteroid-mining-satellite-launches.html https://www.consensys.space/DSIhttps://www.space.com/42906-deep-space-industries-acquired-by-bradford-space.htmlPhysics of mining https://academic.oup.com/astrogeo/article/54/5/5.10/249823
Can planets be sentient? Cosmos:elementary 2023-11-22 | What is planetary intelligence? Let’s talk about what it is, whether it could help us to search for extraterrestrial intelligence. 00:00 - Intro01:45 - Biosignatures15:08 - Tehcnosignatures18:56 - Planetary intelligenceSources: Biosignatureshttps://www.liebertpub.com/doi/10.1089/ast.2017.1729 https://www.space.com/39476-alien-life-biosignature-gases-oxygen.htmlhttps://arxiv.org/pdf/1905.07070v1.pdf https://www.planetary.org/articles/how-spectroscopy-helps-search-for-alien-lifeTehcnosignatureshttps://phys.org/news/2022-02-webb-telescope-civilizations-air-pollution.htmlhttps://arxiv.org/pdf/2202.05858.pdfhttps://astrobiology.nasa.gov/news/technosignatures-and-the-search-for-extraterrestrial-intelligence/Planetary intelligencehttps://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/international-journal-of-astrobiology/article/intelligence-as-a-planetary-scale-process/5077C784D7FAC55F96072F7A7772C5E5https://www.space.com/search-for-planetary-intelligence-astrobiologyhttps://phys.org/news/2022-02-planet-mind.htmlhttp://www.sci-news.com/space/planetary-intelligence-10576.html
How can emptiness destroy the Universe at any moment / False vacuum decay Cosmos:elementary 2023-10-14 | There is a nonzero probability that the Universe could be destroyed at any moment, and the reason for that could be the False Vacuum. In this video, we will discuss cosmic emptiness, the decay of the false vacuum, how likely such an event is, and how it could occur.Sources:Vacuumhttp://www.calphysics.org/zpe.htmlhttps://www.wtamu.edu/~cbaird/sq/2012/12/20/what-keeps-space-empty/ https://medium.com/nakshatra/the-nature-of-nothingness-understanding-the-vacuum-catastrophe-c04033e752f4https://sciencenotes.org/what-is-a-perfect-vacuum-is-it-possiblehttps://www.science.org/content/article/physicists-observe-weird-quantum-fluctuations-empty-space-maybe Lamb Shifthttps://www.forbes.com/sites/startswithabang/2020/11/17/quantum-fluctuations-were-experimentally-proven-way-back-in-1947https://courses.washington.edu/phys432/lamb_shift/lamb_shift.pdfhttps://journals.aps.org/pr/abstract/10.1103/PhysRev.72.339Casimir effecthttps://www.scientificamerican.com/article/what-is-the-casimir-effec/ https://math.ucr.edu/home/baez/physics/Quantum/casimir.html Fluctuationshttps://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/08/180820113053.htmhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41567-018-0264-zLIGOhttps://www.ligo.caltech.edu/LA/news/ligo20200701 https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2420-8Higgs Fieldhttps://arxiv.org/pdf/2104.06821.pdfhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405601415009529 https://arxiv.org/pdf/1711.03877.pdf Dark Energyhttps://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1111/1111.4623.pdfhttps://arxiv.org/pdf/2111.12576.pdf https://science.nasa.gov/astrophysics/focus-areas/what-is-dark-energyFalse Vacuum Decayhttps://journals.aps.org/prd/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevD.15.2929https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139013352.010https://doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201817709001https://bigthink.com/starts-with-a-bang/universe-false-vacuum/https://cosmosmagazine.com/science/physics/vacuum-decay-the-ultimate-catastrophe/https://www.space.com/universe-end-false-vacuum-decay https://bigthink.com/hard-science/vacuum-decay-end-of-the-universe/https://medium.com/predict/our-unstable-universe-why-the-false-vacuum-could-be-our-end-82ee4a668bd4https://medium.com/the-infinite-universe/the-universe-may-be-a-false-vacuum-bubble-961e1a177e52https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/follow-up-what-is-the-zer/https://arxiv.org/pdf/1304.2796.pdfhttps://arxiv.org/pdf/1611.04935.pdfhttps://web.archive.org/web/20210819191812/http://shortbus.org/x/p3305_1.pdfHiggs Vacuumhttps://arxiv.org/pdf/1809.06923.pdfHiggs Bosonhttps://home.cern/news/series/lhc-physics-ten/higgs-boson-what-makes-it-specialStabilityhttps://arxiv.org/pdf/1704.06884.pdfhttps://arxiv.org/pdf/1209.0393.pdf https://cms.cern/news/two-most-massive-quarks-put-spotlight-higgs-bosonhttps://arxiv.org/pdf/1505.04825.pdfhttps://arxiv.org/pdf/hep-ph/0104016.pdf
WAS THE UNIVERSE CREATED FOR US? Fine-tuning problem Cosmos:elementary 2023-02-16 | The universe seems to be fine-tuned for the existence of life. If some of the parameters that describe the universe were to change even slightly there would be no stars, planets and humans. Does this problem really exist and what are the solutions? My video on antimatterhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GwHHP2yH_vw Sources: Fine-tuning, history, solutionshttps://plato.stanford.edu/entries/fine-tuning/https://arxiv.org/pdf/2110.07783.pdfhttps://arxiv.org/pdf/2012.05617.pdfhttps://www.templeton.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Fine-tuning-research-1.pdf 6 constantshttps://web.archive.org/web/20140722210250/http://discovermagazine.com/2000/nov/cover/ List of fundamental constantshttps://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Category?view=pdf&Frequently+used+constants.x=64&Frequently+used+constants.y=22Particle masses and ratioshttps://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Category?view=pdf&Atomic+and+nuclear.x=71&Atomic+and+nuclear.y=8The universe without the weak forcehttps://arxiv.org/pdf/1801.06081.pdfMultiversehttps://space.mit.edu/home/tegmark/PDF/multiverse_sciam.pdfAnthropic principlehttps://www.forbes.com/sites/startswithabang/2017/01/26/how-the-anthropic-principle-became-the-most-abused-idea-in-science/
Flying to the center of the Milky Way Cosmos:elementary 2023-02-08 | what will we see in the center of our Galaxy?
The biggest scam in the history of space exploration? / Mars One Cosmos:elementary 2023-02-02 | Establishing the first ever human colony on Mars and making a reality show out of it…that sounds crazy. But the company that apparently wanted to do it existed for about 10 years. Let’s talk about the history of Mars One. My video on colonizing Marshttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RYklurD__is00:00 - Into01:30 - The Plan06:16 - The company08:38 - The technology17:51 - The Money23:29 - The PeopleSources:Official websitehttp://mars-one.comArchived websitehttps://web.archive.org/web/*/http://mars-one.com2013 conferencehttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=27UDD70cQ4YArticles on Mars One2014 Medium.comhttps://medium.com/matter/all-dressed-up-for-mars-and-nowhere-to-go-7e76df527ca02015https://www.businessinsider.com/strange-video-interviews-with-mars-one-finalists-2015-2https://medium.com/matter/mars-one-insider-quits-dangerously-flawed-project-2dfef95217d3 https://time.com/3716823/mars-one-space-travel-finalist/https://www.businessinsider.com/mars-one-trip-wont-work-2015-2 https://www.theguardian.com/science/2015/feb/09/mars-one-mission-a-one-way-trip-to-the-red-planet-in-20242016https://www.thespacereview.com/article/3080/1Bankruptcy https://www.forbes.com/sites/jonathanocallaghan/2019/02/11/goodbye-mars-one-the-fake-mission-to-mars-that-fooled-the-world/?sh=72b5e7042af5https://www.npr.org/2019/02/12/693945694/mars-one-fizzles-into-bankruptcy-after-promising-a-new-life-in-spaceDebateshttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_XUl8xw0YwgPerseverance cost https://www.planetary.org/space-policy/cost-of-perseveranceEndemolhttps://spacenews.com/mars-one-loses-television-deal/Crowdfunding https://www.indiegogo.com/projects/mars-one-first-private-mars-mission-in-2018#/Star Citizenhttps://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2021-11-20-star-citizen-crosses-the-usd400m-raised-markBusiness database https://www.zefix.ch/en/search/entity/list/firm/1018723https://www.bloomberg.com/profile/company/KCC:GRhttps://pitchbook.com/profiles/company/167313-52#funding ADShttps://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14777622.2017.1288512https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EPSC2013/EPSC2013-1077.pdfIndependent analysis https://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/103973/de%20Weck_An%20independent.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=yParagon’s paperhttps://forum.nasaspaceflight.com/index.php?PHPSESSID=jt2688nlute0ehlbt6mff95skk&action=dlattach;topic=37937.0;attach=1037001;sess=0Lansdorp’s twitterhttps://twitter.com/baslansdorp
Why do Flat Earthers ask NASA to do this? Cosmos:elementary 2023-01-31 | Why does flat earther's request to show the Entire Earth using the Hubble space telescope make no sense
What if we put all planets between Earth and the Moon? Cosmos:elementary 2023-01-25 | What would happen if we placed all of them planets between Earth and the Moon?
How to tell a planet from a star Cosmos:elementary 2023-01-22 | Planets and stars may look similar in the sky, but there is an easy way to tell them apart without telescopes or special apps.
RED SKY PARADOX. How to solve it? Cosmos:elementary 2023-01-12 | In this video we are going to talk about a weird red sky paradox. About solutions, and about red dwarfs.SourcesNearest Starshttps://www.space.com/18964-the-nearest-stars-to-earth-infographic.htmlhttps://astrosociety.org/file_download/inline/c35f3aca-f235-4e77-8b95-33541652d289 Red sky paradoxhttps://www.pnas.org/content/118/26/e2026808118https://arxiv.org/pdf/2106.11207.pdfhttps://www.sciencealert.com/why-the-heck-aren-t-we-orbiting-a-red-dwarf-star https://astrobites.org/2021/08/24/red-sky-paradox/Red dwarfshttps://www.space.com/23772-red-dwarf-stars.htmlhttps://astronomy.com/magazine/2019/01/why-does-the-universe-make-so-many-tiny-stars https://sites.lsa.umich.edu/lhartm/research/what-determines-the-masses-of-stars-and-why-do-stars-form-in-clusters/https://www.mpm.edu/planetarium-newsletter-february-2019https://www.eso.org/public/news/eso1214/https://astrobiology.nasa.gov/news/red-dwarf-stars-and-the-planets-around-them-2/ Colorhttps://astronomy.com/magazine/ask-astro/2015/05/the-suns-red-neighborhttps://earthsky.org/tonight/can-you-see-the-different-colors-of-the-stars/ https://skyandtelescope.org/astronomy-resources/the-spectral-types-of-stars/https://astronomy.com/magazine/glenn-chaple/2021/04/color-coding-starsStellar colors tablehttp://www.vendian.org/mncharity/dir3/starcolor/ Sky on different planetshttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vrLfHv6sze0 Flareshttps://www.space.com/proxima-centauri-emits-largest-stellar-flare.htmlGiant planethttps://www.space.com/gas-giant-alien-planet-red-dwarf.htmlPMS starsHttps://lweb.cfa.harvard.edu/~pberlind/atlas/htmls/pmsstars.html
Is Colonizing Mars just dumb? Cosmos:elementary 2022-12-15 | People like to discuss when and how we will create a Mars colony. But should we even do it or it’s the dumbest idea ever? Let’s talk about various arguments for and against colonizing Mars. Sources:Mars in six years?https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2016/sep/27/elon-musk-spacex-mars-colonyMars Onehttps://www.engadget.com/2019-02-11-mars-one-is-dead.htmlSagan’s Essayhttps://daily.jstor.org/should-we-go-to-mars-carl-sagan-had-thoughts/https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/43311109.pdf?refreqid=excelsior%3A5314fd6cd61478c000f8a70554f517c2 Apollo costshttps://www.planetary.org/space-policy/cost-of-apolloNasa budget https://www.planetary.org/space-policy/nasas-fy-2021-budget#:~:text=NASA's%20budget%20for%20fiscal%20year,over%20the%20previous%20year's%20amount.Musks notehttps://www.businessinsider.in/science/space/news/elon-musk-asks-spacex-employees-to-work-over-the-weekend-as-company-faces-risk-of-bankruptcy/articleshow/88026922.cmsMetals on Marshttps://astrobiology.nasa.gov/news/rare-metals-on-mars-and-earth-implicate-colossal-impacts/https://curator.jsc.nasa.gov/antmet/mmc/introduction.cfmhttps://sites.wustl.edu/meteoritesite/items/chemical-composition-of-meteorites/ Mars Launch windowhttps://www.forbes.com/sites/jamiecartereurope/2020/07/08/mars-alert-why-three-spacecraft-must-leave-for-the-red-planet-within-days-or-miss-their-chance/?sh=928753d5f936https://mars.nasa.gov/mars2020/timeline/cruise/ How longhttps://image.gsfc.nasa.gov/poetry/venus/q2811.htmlMining on Marshttps://bigthink.com/hard-science/drill-baby-drill-what-will-we-look-for-when-were-mining-on-mars/Antarctica https://worldpopulationreview.com/continents/antarctica-populationPopulation Growth https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/Area of Marshttps://mars.nasa.gov/print/?print=detailedfacts A million people on Marshttps://futurism.com/the-byte/elon-musk-million-people-mars-2050Economicshttps://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-90303-3_12https://edition.cnn.com/2020/09/08/tech/spacex-mars-profit-scn/index.html https://scholarship.depauw.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1028&context=studentresearchReasonshttps://stargazersclubwa.com.au/why-go-to-mars-the-pros-and-cons/https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-19666057Forhttps://www.businessinsider.com/5-undeniable-reasons-why-humans-should-go-to-mars-2015-4 https://space.nss.org/the-case-for-colonizing-mars-by-robert-zubrin/https://astronomy.com/news/2021/10/colonizing-mars-could-speed-up-human-evolution Againsthttps://theconversation.com/sorry-elon-musk-but-its-now-clear-that-colonising-mars-is-unlikely-and-a-bad-idea-100964 https://futurism.com/author-martian-colonizing-mars-bad-ideahttps://www.toptenz.net/10-reasons-colonizing-mars-is-a-bad-idea.php https://futurism.com/humans-shouldnt-colonize-mars-experts https://www.theguardian.com/science/blog/2018/aug/28/the-case-against-mars-colonisationRobots vs. Humanshttps://www.scientificamerican.com/article/robots-vs-humans-who-should-explore/https://www.marssociety.ca/human-vs-robotic-exploration/https://www.space.com/41551-finding-mars-life-robots-versus-humans.html
Crazy ideas for Colonization of Mars Cosmos:elementary 2022-12-01 | How blood can help us to colonize Mars? Why do we need bacteria on Mars? How to use moons of Mars for terraforming? Sources:Blood and regolith https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590006421000442https://www.space.com/mars-colony-astronaut-blood-concretehttps://phys.org/news/2021-09-cosmic-concrete-space-astronaut-blood.html Mars habitatshttps://digital.library.adelaide.edu.au/dspace/bitstream/2440/61315/8/02chapters1-4.pdfSulfurhttps://cen.acs.org/articles/96/i1/build-settlements-Mars-ll-need.html Mars fact sheethttps://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/marsfact.htmlRadiation on Marshttps://climate.nasa.gov/news/3105/earths-magnetosphere-protecting-our-planet-from-harmful-space-energy/Fuel https://www.space.com/mars-rocket-fuel-from-microbeshttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-021-26393-7?utm_medium=affiliate&utm_source=commission_junction&utm_campaign=3_nsn6445_deeplink_PID100052171&utm_content=deeplinkSpaceX and methanehttps://www.inverse.com/article/59489-spacex-how-elon-musk-wants-to-reach-zero-carbon-rocket-flightsMagnetic fieldhttps://www.nasa.gov/press-release/goddard/2020/mars-electric-currentshttps://askanastronomer.org/planets/2015/11/20/can-we-create-a-magnetic-field-for-mars/Plasma torushttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0094576521005099?via%3Dihub https://phys.org/news/2021-11-absolutely-bonkers-mars-artificial-magnetosphere.htmlhttps://www.extremetech.com/extreme/245369-nasa-proposes-building-artificial-magnetic-field-restore-mars-atmosphere
What if black holes don’t exist? Alternatives to black holes. Cosmos:elementary 2022-06-09 | Black holes are commonly accepted to be real, but what if they are not? What are alternatives to black holes? And what problems are those alternative theories trying to solve? My video on why we think black holes existhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G04QFPUsyZ0My video on information loss paradoxhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LaRgY7tMDM4 SourcesBlack hole formationhttps://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1609/1609.08411.pdfhttps://mcdonaldobservatory.org/news/gallery/neutron-stars-merge-form-black-hole Semiclassical gravity https://phys.org/news/2013-05-semiclassical-gravity-counterintuitive-horizon-testability.htmlAlternatives https://skyandtelescope.org/astronomy-news/physicist-proposes-new-black-hole-alternative/https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.371.6525.118https://cds.cern.ch/record/2663096/files/1902.07990.pdfBlack starhttps://arxiv.org/pdf/0712.1130.pdfhttps://physics.ucf.edu/~britt/AST2002/R9-Barcelo-Black%20stars,%20not%20holes.pdfDark Energyhttps://science.nasa.gov/astrophysics/focus-areas/what-is-dark-energyhttps://earthsky.org/space/definition-what-is-dark-energy/Dark-energy starhttps://arxiv.org/ftp/astro-ph/papers/0503/0503200.pdfhttps://www.nature.com/articles/news050328-8https://nautil.us/blog/are-black-holes-actually-dark-energy-starshttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2212686421001096 https://www.slac.stanford.edu/econf/C041213/papers/0205.PDF https://arxiv.org/pdf/2103.15393.pdf Gravastarhttps://www.worldscientific.com/doi/abs/10.1142/S0218271820300049https://arxiv.org/abs/2010.05354 https://arxiv.org/abs/0706.1513 https://futurism.com/the-gravastar-an-alternative-to-black-holes https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/black-hole-pretenders-could-really-be-bizarre-quantum-stars/#Planck starhttps://arxiv.org/pdf/1401.6562.pdfhttps://interestingengineering.com/a-black-holes-core-could-be-a-strange-planck-star https://futurism.com/what-are-planck-stars-how-do-they-differ-from-black-holes https://phys.org/news/2014-02-astrophysicists-duo-planck-star-core.htmlhttps://astronomy.swin.edu.au/cosmos/p/Planck+Length Fuzzballshttps://www.quantamagazine.org/how-fuzzballs-solve-the-black-hole-firewall-paradox-20150623/ https://www.livescience.com/string-theory-fuzzballs-are-black-holes.html Q-star (Grey hole)https://arxiv.org/pdf/astro-ph/9708065.pdfhttps://arxiv.org/pdf/astro-ph/0207270.pdf Boson stars https://www.sciencealert.com/there-could-be-transparent-stars-made-of-bosons-masquerading-as-black-holes
Sci-fi engines that became a reality. Ion thrusters and other types of electric drives Cosmos:elementary 2022-04-23 | Ion drives and other types of electric thrusters. How do they work? How different are they from conventional chemical engines? What are the pros and cons? My video on Em Drivehttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eH3po8kUEbYMy video on interplanetary flighthttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZXEcCx9M4IUSources: Rocketshttps://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/files/rockets-guide-20-how-rockets-work.pdfhttps://www.grc.nasa.gov/www/k-12/rocket/rktth1.htmlhttps://www.space.com/how-rockets-work https://courses.ess.washington.edu/ess-102/FALL12/Lecture24_ElectricPropulsion_v2.pdf Typeshttp://www2.ee.ic.ac.uk/derek.low08/yr2proj/ion.htmTypes of electric driveshttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B0122274105002015https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128093269000130 Nasa’s bookhttps://descanso.jpl.nasa.gov/SciTechBook/series1/Goebel__cmprsd_opt.pdfRaptorhttps://everydayastronaut.com/raptor-engine/Dawnhttps://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/dawn/technology/ion-propulsion/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/dawn/technology/navigating/ https://aip.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/5.0010134Ion driveshttps://www.nasa.gov/centers/glenn/technology/Ion_Propulsion1.htmlhttps://www.nasa.gov/centers/glenn/about/fs21grc.html https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/tdm/sep/index.html https://www.nasa.gov/feature/glenn/2020/the-propulsion-we-re-supplying-it-s-electrifying https://aip.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/5.0010134 Spacecraft with ion thrustershttps://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Space_Science/SMART-1/The_magic_of_ion_engineshttps://www.esa.int/Enabling_Support/Space_Engineering_Technology/Electric_blue_thrusters_propelling_BepiColombo_to_Mercury MROhttps://mars.nasa.gov/mro/mission/spacecraft/parts/propulsion/NEXThttps://www1.grc.nasa.gov/space/sep/gridded-ion-thrusters-next-c/#:~:text=Performance,power%20and%20236%20mNthrust.DARThttps://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8742007Waterhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0094576521003179?via%3DihubMolecularhttps://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1361-6595/ab2c6c/pdfIodinehttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-04015-y Airbreathing engineshttps://www.hindawi.com/journals/ijae/2020/8811847/
Whats the real shape of constellations? #shorts Cosmos:elementary 2022-03-03 | The look of the Big Dipper in 3D
How do we really get to other planets? Cosmos:elementary 2022-03-01 | How do we even manage to reach other planets with current limited technology? Let’s talk about interplanetary flights, trajectories and maneuvers Sources: Mission Typeshttps://solarsystem.nasa.gov/basics/chapter9-1/Earthhttps://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/earthfact.htmlMercuryhttps://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/mercuryfact.htmlVoyagershttps://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/mission/science/hyperbolic-orbital-elements/ Orbital mechanicshttp://www.braeunig.us/space/orbmech.htm Hohmann transfer orbithttps://solarsystem.nasa.gov/basics/chapter4-1/https://www.faa.gov/about/office_org/headquarters_offices/avs/offices/aam/cami/library/online_libraries/aerospace_medicine/tutorial/media/III.4.1.5_Maneuvering_in_Space.pdf https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-62220-0_5 Hohmann’s bookhttps://archive.org/details/nasa_techdoc_19980230631/mode/2uphttps://www.faa.gov/about/office_org/headquarters_offices/avs/offices/aam/cami/library/online_libraries/aerospace_medicine/tutorial/media/III.4.1.5_Maneuvering_in_Space.pdfTrajectorieshttps://www.faa.gov/about/office_org/headquarters_offices/avs/offices/aam/cami/library/online_libraries/aerospace_medicine/tutorial/media/III.4.1.6_Interplanetary_Travel.pdfTesla’s orbithttps://where-is-tesla-roadster.space/live?lang=ruGravity assistshttps://solarsystem.nasa.gov/basics/primer/https://www.faa.gov/about/office_org/headquarters_offices/avs/offices/aam/cami/library/online_libraries/aerospace_medicine/tutorial/media/III.4.1.6_Interplanetary_Travel.pdfJuno’s trajectoryhttps://spaceflight101.com/juno/juno-mission-trajectory-design/New Horizons’ trajectoryhttp://pluto.jhuapl.edu/Mission/The-Path-to-Pluto-and-Beyond.php Bepi-Colombo trajectoryhttps://www.esa.int/Enabling_Support/Operations/BepiColombo_operationshttps://www.esa.int/ESA_Multimedia/Videos/2017/07/Animation_visualising_BepiColombo_s_journey_to_MercuryParker Solar Probe’s trajectoryhttp://parkersolarprobe.jhuapl.edu/The-Mission/index.phpLectureshttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l_iZk4n5QFUhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L_sAraG-N5k
Weapon that controls minds and causes earthquakes or a science research station? HAARP Cosmos:elementary 2022-01-13 | JJJreact HAARP - one of the most controversial projects. Many believe it’s a weapon of mind control and that it can cause earthquakes. But can it really? What does HAARP actually do, how does it work and what’s its history? And why are there so many conspiracy theories about it? SourcesHaarp Goalshttps://haarp.gi.alaska.edu/faq https://web.archive.org/web/20091001114140/http://www.haarp.alaska.edu/haarp/prpeis.htmlIonospherehttps://scied.ucar.edu/learning-zone/atmosphere/ionospherehttps://solarsystem.nasa.gov/news/1127/10-things-to-know-about-the-ionosphere/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KnXuEgWhaWwAurorashttps://www.royalemaps.com/what-are-the-northen-lights/https://site.uit.no/spaceweather/what-are-the-northern-lights-aurora/ Over-horizon radarshttps://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1742-6596/1632/1/012021/pdf Haarphttps://haarp.gi.alaska.edu/ https://physicstoday.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/PT.3.3032Phased arrayhttps://www.analog.com/ru/analog-dialogue/articles/phased-array-beamforming-ics-simplify-antenna-design.htmlHistory https://www.wired.com/2009/07/mf-haarp/https://www.nature.com/articles/452930a List of scientific papersttps://haarp.gi.alaska.edu/publicationshttps://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/search/q=HAARP&sort=date%20desc%2C%20bibcode%20desc&p_=0 Artificial aurorahttps://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029/2019JA026607HAARP dismantlinghttps://www.adn.com/alaska-news/article/air-force-prepares-dismantle-haarp-ahead-summer-shutdown/2014/05/14/Alaska University take over https://www.adn.com/science/article/alaska-university-take-over-haarp/2015/07/15/Gaia articlehttps://archive.md/nDvSk Earthquakeshttps://www.science20.com/florilegium/blog/why_so_many_earthquakes_decade-65178https://www.icr.org/article/twentieth-century-earthquakes-confronting-urban-le https://www.johnstonsarchive.net/other/quake1.htmlMind controlhttps://www.popsci.com/military-aviation-space/article/2008-06/militarys-mystery-machine/https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/mind-control-by-cell/ https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/brain-waveshttps://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/jgra.50558https://www.popularmechanics.com/military/research/a10635/the-inspiration-for-mind-control-conspiracy-theories-faces-its-demise-16843375/Patentshttps://patents.google.com/patent/US4686605 https://patents.google.com/patent/US5038664European parliament hearingshttps://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?pubRef=-//EP//TEXT+WQ+E-2003-1453+0+DOC+XML+V0//ENhttps://www.europarl.europa.eu/press/sdp/backg/en/1998/b980209.htm https://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?type=REPORT&reference=A4-1999-0005&language=ENAttack attempt https://www.adn.com/alaska-news/2016/11/01/2-men-arrested-in-georgia-planned-to-attack-alaska-aurora-research-facility-investigators-say/Vice interview https://youtu.be/BoZf9feQATcOpen houseshttps://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/scientists-alaska-research-lab-are-holding-open-house-dispel-conspiracy-theories-180960255/
A tube to space! Lofstrom loop, StarTram and Space Cannons Cosmos:elementary 2021-12-23 | Non rocket space launch systems. In this video we are going to to talk about three different examples of that. Sources:HARPhttps://www.jhuapl.edu/Content/techdigest/pdf/V20-N03/20-03-Gilreath.pdfhttps://pwg.gsfc.nasa.gov/stargaze/Smartlet.htmhttp://www.astronautix.com/a/abriefhistoheharpproject.htmlhttps://thescipub.com/abstract/10.3844/jastsp.2017.249.257 SHARPhttp://www.astronautix.com/s/sharp.htmlQuick Launchhttps://web.archive.org/web/20120724005956/http://quicklaunchinc.com/hydrogen-gun-technology/https://phys.org/news/2010-01-space-cannon-payloads-orbit-video.htmlhttps://www.bbc.com/future/article/20160317-the-man-who-tried-to-make-a-supergun-for-saddam-hussein https://medium.com/our-space/worst-ideas-for-space-travel-ever-b0a1f0c1626cStar Tram Magnetic Launch System https://aip.scitation.org/doi/abs/10.1063/1.2169288https://phys.org/news/2012-03-maglev-track-spacecraft-orbit.html https://www.realclearscience.com/blog/2017/10/03/could_startram_revolutionize_space_travel.html Lofstrom Loophttp://slides.launchloop.com//launchloop.pdfhttp://launchloop.com/LaunchLoop?action=AttachFile&do=view&target=isdc2002loop.pdf
What is the Universe leaking into? / The Dark Flow Cosmos:elementary 2021-12-09 | The idea of the Dark Flow is pretty controversial and scientists have been arguing about its existence for years. So let’s find out what it is, why some scientists believe it exists, and some that it doesn’t.My video on CMBhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m3JtwgTfpdgSources: A. Kashlinsky’s quote https://futurism.com/dark-flowPeculiar velocityhttps://astronomy.swin.edu.au/cosmos/p/Peculiar+Velocityhttps://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/level5/Sparke/Sparke1_3.html CMB temperaturehttps://wmap.gsfc.nasa.gov/universe/bb_cosmo_fluct.htmlPlanck’s CMB map https://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Space_Science/Planck/Planck_and_the_cosmic_microwave_backgroundSunyaev–Zeldovich effecthttps://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/level5/Birkinshaw/Birk_contents.htmlhttps://arxiv.org/pdf/astro-ph/0208192.pdf 2008 Paperhttps://arxiv.org/pdf/0809.3734.pdfhttps://www.space.com/5878-mysterious-dark-flow-discovered-space.htmlhttps://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/news/topstory/2008/dark_flow.html 2010 Paperhttps://arxiv.org/pdf/0910.4958.pdfWMAP 5 year datahttps://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/news/releases/2010/10-023.html2011 Paperhttps://arxiv.org/pdf/1011.2781.pdf2013 Paperhttps://arxiv.org/pdf/0910.4233.pdf2013 Planck paperhttps://arxiv.org/pdf/1303.5090.pdf https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn23340-blow-for-dark-flow-in-plancks-new-view-of-the-cosmos/2015https://arxiv.org/pdf/1411.4180.pdf
Why do planets (not) lose atmospheres? Cosmos:elementary 2021-11-25 | We often hear that the magnetic field is very important for our planet, and that without it we would lose our atmosphere, just like Mars did. So then why did Venus not lose its atmosphere and it's even thicker than the Earth’s atmosphere? Let’s talk about how planets lose or keep their atmospheres, and why there is such a big difference between Earth, Mars and Venus. Sources:Earth “Twins”https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/earth-size-habitable-zone-planet-found-hidden-in-early-nasa-kepler-datahttps://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/2041-8213/ab84e5Properties of planetshttps://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/venusfact.htmlhttps://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/earthfact.html https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/marsfact.htmlThermospherehttps://scied.ucar.edu/learning-zone/atmosphere/thermosphereAtmospheric loss https://arxiv.org/pdf/2003.03231.pdfhttps://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3367/UFNe.2017.09.038212http://geosci.uchicago.edu/~kite/doc/Catling_and_Kasting_ch_5.pdf https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-mission-reveals-speed-of-solar-wind-stripping-martian-atmosphereOceans and limestonehttps://www.smithsonianmag.com/innovation/combat-climate-change-researchers-want-to-pull-carbon-dioxide-from-ocean-and-turn-it-into-rock-180977903/Venus’s magnetospherehttps://sci.esa.int/web/venus-express/-/50246-a-magnetic-surprise-for-venus-expresshttps://aasnova.org/2019/07/08/how-venus-reacts-when-the-sun-strikes/ https://www.jhuapl.edu/NewsStory/210603-Solar-Orbiter-unveils-new-details-Venus-magnetosphereMars’s magnetosphere https://www.space.dtu.dk/english/Research/Universe_and_Solar_System/magnetic_fieldhttps://www.nasa.gov/press-release/goddard/2020/mars-electric-currentsVenus’s atmospheric losshttps://blogs.ucl.ac.uk/science/2014/07/09/venus-is-losing-its-atmosphere/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9MVRMzmwubMhttps://astronomy.com/magazine/ask-astro/2016/04/venusA Lecturehttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0dev72U9NTw
What is actually inside Saturn? What do its rings have to do with it? Cosmos:elementary 2021-11-11 | How did scietists use Saturns rings to learn about its interior? Sources: https://www.caltech.edu/about/news/saturn-makes-waves-in-its-own-ringshttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41550-021-01448-3 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2104.13385.pdfhttps://www.space.com/saturn-rings-study-reveals-soupy-corehttps://phys.org/news/2021-08-saturn.html https://gracefo.jpl.nasa.gov/mission/overview/
Photon engines! The Best way to visit other stars? Cosmos:elementary 2021-10-28 | How to use light to propel an interstellar spacecraft? My video on Warp DrivesMy video on EmDriveMy video on black holes made of lightSources: Comet tailshttps://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/comet-tailshttp://burro.astr.cwru.edu/Academics/Astr221/SolarSys/Comets/tails.html Momentum of light https://www.wtamu.edu/~cbaird/sq/2013/06/11/why-doesnt-light-carry-momentum/https://courses.lumenlearning.com/physics/chapter/29-4-photon-momentum/https://arc.aiaa.org/doi/abs/10.2514/3.4451?journalCode=aiaaj https://www.narajolerajcollege.ac.in/document/sub_page/20200515_110650.pdfPlanck Constanthttps://web.archive.org/web/20181119214326/https://www.bipm.org/utils/common/pdf/CGPM-2018/26th-CGPM-Resolutions.pdfNuclear photon rockets https://aip.scitation.org/doi/abs/10.1063/1.1358034Antimatterhttps://www.centauri-dreams.org/2016/08/01/antimatter-propulsion-birth-of-a-concept/https://www.symmetrymagazine.org/article/april-2015/ten-things-you-might-not-know-about-antimatterLight sailhttps://www.planetary.org/articles/what-is-solar-sailinghttps://secure.planetary.org/site/SPageNavigator/mission_control.htmlhttps://www.space.com/25800-ikaros-solar-sail.html Lightcrafthttps://science.howstuffworks.com/light-propulsion.htmhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LAdj6vpYppAForward’s paperhttps://arc.aiaa.org/doi/10.2514/3.8632Young’s paprershttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S187538921202514Xhttps://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/files/bae_y_niac_2014_spring_presentation-2a_tagged.pdfPossibility https://www.technologyreview.com/2019/10/28/285/can-we-use-powerful-lights-to-propel-spacecraft-at-the-speed-of-light/https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20170005677/downloads/20170005677.pdfStarshothttps://breakthroughinitiatives.org/initiative/3https://breakthroughinitiatives.org/challenges/3
Is Warp Drive real after all? Experiments, Science and History Cosmos:elementary 2021-10-14 | Where did the idea of Warp Drive come from? How is it supposed to work? Does NASA actually work on one? Were there any experiments? What did we recently learn about warp drives? All this and more in this video. Sources:Speed of lighyhttps://www2.lbl.gov/MicroWorlds/teachers/massenergy.pdfhttps://medium.com/predict/we-all-travel-through-spacetime-at-the-speed-of-light-d60cb389dfc2Warp drives in Amazing Storieshttps://archive.org/details/Amazing_Stories_Quarterly_v04n02_1931-Spring_frankenscan/page/n5/mode/2up?q=faster+than+lighthttps://archive.org/details/Amazing_Stories_v22n01_1948-01_cape1736/page/n9/mode/2upMiguel Alcubierre’s original studyhttps://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0264-9381/11/5/001https://arxiv.org/pdf/gr-qc/0009013.pdfMore recent Miguel Alcubierre’s studyhttps://arxiv.org/pdf/2103.05610.pdfNegative mass and energyhttps://arxiv.org/pdf/0911.3597.pdfhttps://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2017/04/170417095534.htmhttps://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2019/10/191002102750.htmRequired masshttps://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0264-9381/16/12/314https://arxiv.org/pdf/gr-qc/9905084.pdfhttps://www.space.com/17628-warp-drive-possible-interstellar-spaceflight.html NASA, Eagleworkshttps://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20110015936/downloads/20110015936.pdfhttps://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20140000851/downloads/20140000851.pdf https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1407/1407.7772.pdfhttps://www.popularmechanics.com/science/a32449240/nasa-warp-drive-space-time/Recent datahttps://www.space.com/physicists-give-warp-drives-a-boosthttps://phys.org/news/2021-03-potential-real-physical-warp.htmlhttps://arxiv.org/pdf/2102.06824.pdfhttps://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1361-6382/abe692https://arxiv.org/pdf/2006.07125.pdfhttps://www.scientificamerican.com/article/star-treks-warp-drive-leads-to-new-physics/Miguel Alcubierre’s talk https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zj5Jxux4uYkWhite’s Talkhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wokn7crjBbA
The truth about “NASA’s impossible drive” / Emdrive Cosmos:elementary 2021-09-23 | The concept of Emdrive appeared in early 2000. The drive that should violate laws of physics but also the drive that works, at least according to the inventors. There were some controversial test results, so let’s figure out what this drive is, how it’s supposed to work and look at the most recent data. Sources:Roger Shawyerhttp://www.emdrive.com/IAC20bio.pdfPerpetual Motion Machine https://www.livescience.com/55944-perpetual-motion-machines.htmlEmDrivehttps://www.space.com/can-emdrive-space-propulsion-concept-workhttps://www.aerosociety.com/news/flights-of-fancy/Interstellar travelhttps://www.trtworld.com/magazine/here-s-why-there-s-still-hope-for-interstellar-travel-45837Shawyer’s tests https://www.theengineer.co.uk/defying-gravity/Paper of chinese scientistshttp://www.tjjs.casic.cn/ch/reader/create_pdf.aspx?file_no=20160220&flag=1&journal_id=tjjs&year_id=2016Eagleworkshttps://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20140000851/downloads/20140000851.pdfhttps://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20110023492ttps://arc.aiaa.org/doi/10.2514/1.B36120Article flawshttps://www.centauri-dreams.org/2017/01/03/close-look-at-recent-emdrive-paper/Electromagnetic effectshttps://www.forbes.com/sites/startswithabang/2018/05/23/the-emdrive-nasas-impossible-space-engine-really-is-impossible/?sh=6024f7773a00Astriumhttps://www.newscientist.com/letter/mg19225740-300-emdrive-no-thanks/Dawnhttps://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/dawn/technology/ion-propulsion/Unruh effecthttps://arxiv.org/pdf/1604.03449.pdfhttps://www.forbes.com/sites/briankoberlein/2016/04/21/the-theoretical-dream-of-the-emdrive/?sh=6617bf95508c2021 testhttps://www.popularmechanics.com/science/a35991457/emdrive-thruster-fails-tests/https://www.grenzwissenschaft-aktuell.de/latest-emdrive-tests-at-dresden-university-shows-impossible-engine-does-not-develop-any-thrust20210321/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/350108418_High-Accuracy_Thrust_Measurements_of_the_EMDrive_and_Elimination_of_False-Positive_Effectshttps://www.popularmechanics.com/science/a36098824/emdrive-inventor-defends-failed-tests/ Responsehttps://www.popularmechanics.com/science/a36098824/emdrive-inventor-defends-failed-tests/SPRhttp://emdrive.com/ https://web.archive.org/web/20180526051221/https://www.newscientist.com/data/images/ns/av/shawyertheory.pdfPatentshttps://patents.google.com/?inventor=Roger+Shawyerhttps://patents.google.com/patent/US20140013724A1/en
A problem of missing galaxies Cosmos:elementary 2021-09-09 | What is a missing satellites problem, where does it come from and how can it be solved?Sources Simulationshttps://www.sciencemag.org/news/2018/05/galaxy-simulations-are-last-matching-reality-and-producing-surprising-insights-cosmichttps://arxiv.org/pdf/1811.06533.pdfHalohttps://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/level5/March18/Wechsler/Wechsler1.htmlNumber of satelliteshttps://astrobites.org/2017/09/25/counting-the-dwarf-galaxies-of-the-milky-way/https://astronomy.com/magazine/ask-astro/2020/11/how-many-satellite-galaxies-does-the-milky-way-haveA problemhttps://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1086/307643/pdfhttps://www.mdpi.com/2075-4434/5/1/17https://arxiv.org/pdf/1009.4505.pdfhttps://arxiv.org/pdf/1807.07093.pdfLocal grouphttps://astronomy.com/magazine/greatest-mysteries/2019/07/49-how-many-galaxies-are-in-our-groupVera Rubin telescopehttps://www.lsst.org/about/project-statusDiscoveries of galaxies https://arxiv.org/pdf/1906.07332.pdfhttps://phys.org/news/2018-11-enormous-dwarf-satellite-galaxy-milky.htmlNumberhttps://arxiv.org/pdf/1708.04247.pdfhttps://arxiv.org/pdf/1711.06267.pdfhttps://astrobites.org/2017/09/25/counting-the-dwarf-galaxies-of-the-milky-way/https://astrobites.org/2017/11/22/no-missing-satellites/Photoionization https://www.irya.unam.mx/rmaa/RMxAC..15/PDF/RMxAC..15_franco.pdfSupernovaehttps://www.caltech.edu/about/news/recreating-our-galaxy-supercomputer-51995https://authors.library.caltech.edu/70179/1/apjl_827_2_L23.pdfOther galaxieshttps://arxiv.org/pdf/1808.03410.pdf
Why does China want to hit Asteroid Bennu with 23 rockets? Cosmos:elementary 2021-08-26 | Why does China want to hit Asteroid Bennu with 23 rockets? Sources: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S001910352100261Xhttps://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/2009/2009.06495.pdfhttps://www.space.com/china-rocket-fleet-divert-asteroid-bennuhttps://www2.jpl.nasa.gov/sl9/back2.htmlhttps://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/asteroids/overview/fastfacts.htmlhttps://www.esa.int/Safety_Security/Hera/DARThttps://cneos.jpl.nasa.gov/sentry/details.html#?des=101955https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=bennu;orb=0;cov=0;log=0;cad=1#cadhttps://arxiv.org/pdf/1402.5573.pdf
Can we make a black hole out of light? Cosmos:elementary 2021-08-12 | Is it possible to create a black hole out of light? How to do it and what could we use it for? Sources:Analogue black holes https://www.nature.com/news/2008/080306/full/news.2008.651.html https://arxiv.org/pdf/2002.04216.pdfhttps://phys.org/news/2021-02-stationary-hawking-analog-black-hole.htmlhttps://arxiv.org/pdf/gr-qc/0505065.pdfhttps://arxiv.org/pdf/1411.1662.pdfPrimordial black holes https://arxiv.org/pdf/2103.12087.pdfhttps://www.quantamagazine.org/black-holes-from-the-big-bang-could-be-the-dark-matter-20200923/Black holeshttps://astronomy.swin.edu.au/cosmos/B/Black+Holehttps://www.nasa.gov/audience/forstudents/5-8/features/nasa-knows/what-is-a-black-hole-58.htmlhttps://astronomy.swin.edu.au/cosmos/S/Schwarzschild+Radiushttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1387647316300501https://mcdonaldobservatory.org/news/gallery/neutron-stars-merge-form-black-holeMass loss of the Sunhttps://arxiv.org/pdf/1706.01016.pdfMass-energy equivalence https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/equivME/ https://wtamu.edu/~cbaird/sq/2014/04/01/light-has-no-mass-so-it-also-has-no-energy-according-to-einstein-but-how-can-sunlight-warm-the-earth-without-energyLight and curvature of space-timehttps://www.desy.de/user/projects/Physics/Relativity/SR/light_mass.htmlhttps://math.ucr.edu/home/baez/physics/ParticleAndNuclear/photon_mass.htmlhttps://wtamu.edu/~cbaird/sq/2013/06/11/why-doesnt-light-carry-momentum/http://scienceline.ucsb.edu/getkey.php?key=1582Kugelblitz https://medium.com/predict/the-black-hole-made-of-light-5494e972abab https://bigthink.com/surprising-science/making-a-kugelblitz-black-holePlanck temperature https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/article/absolute-hot/Kugelblitz drivehttps://arxiv.org/pdf/0908.1803.pdfhttps://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015JBIS...68..105L/abstracthttps://www.space.com/24306-interstellar-flight-black-hole-power.html
Predictions that actually work. Pluto. Cosmos:elementary 2021-07-29 | Unlike astrologers, real scientists make predictions based on actual data and empirical evidence. And very often those predictions turn out to be true, even with very limited data. What was predicted about Pluto? Sources:Neutron starshttps://astronomy.swin.edu.au/cosmos/N/Neutron+Starhttps://www.pnas.org/content/20/5/259Discovery of Plutohttps://www.vanderbilt.edu/AnS/physics/astrocourses/ast201/pluto_tombaugh.htmhttps://lowell.edu/pluto-at-85-did-tombaugh-really-find-planet-x/Pluto characteristicshttps://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/plutofact.htmlDiscovery of Charonhttps://www.nasa.gov/feature/charon-at-40-four-decades-of-discovery-on-pluto-s-largest-moonMutual eclipseshttps://science.sciencemag.org/content/228/4704/1193http://adsabs.harvard.edu/pdf/1985IAPPP..22...23TLight curve before Charodhttp://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pdf/1972ApJ...174..449LPluto’s surface maphttp://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pdf/1988BAAS...20..807Bhttps://www.boulder.swri.edu/~buie/biblio/pub015.pdfhttps://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1086/300722/pdfhttps://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1086/318008/pdfhttps://www.boulder.swri.edu/~buie/pluto/hrcmap.htmlPluto’s atmospherehttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/0019103589900146?via%3Dihuhttps://www.nasa.gov/feature/first-stellar-occultations-shed-additional-light-on-pluto-s-atmospherehttps://www.planetary.org/space-images/carbognani-pluto-stellar-occultationRichard Binzel’s lecturehttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZJ_aJAkapfA
