Uploaded October 2025 | Updated September 2026, 2 weeks ago
Performed by Viller Valbonesi.
I - Presto: 0:00
II - Allegro con brio molto vivace: 2:20
Rudorff's Two Concert Études were composed on 1878, each being dedicated to two piano students of him at the Royal School of Music in Berlin; the first for Friedrich Grabau (1840-84), and the second to Heinrich Barth (1847-1922). These études were initially published separately in 1879, the first by Budapest publisher Rózsavölgy while the second by Berlin publisher Bote & Bock. However, these works were conceived as a pair. The premiere date and performers involved are currently unknown.
The second étude was particularly praised by critics. A performance by the dedicatee on April 9 of 1889, in the hall of the Royal School of Music prompted William Wolf in a review to describe it as "original, delightful and effective piece, incidentally very difficult". The publication of the first étude led to an encounter between Rudolff and Liszt, who played the piece shortly before his death. Having grown up in the tradition of Felix Mendelssohn and Robert Schumann, Rudorff was sceptic about Franz Liszt and his school. His commitment to Viennese Classicism is reflected in his collaboration on the complete edition of the works of Wolfgang Amadé Mozart. Carl Maria von Weber and Frédéric Chopin, whom he also admired, also found in him a conscientious editor. These names outline the background from which Rudorff's own work began
The first étude is monothematic in form. It opens with a rhythmic main theme in B minor in piano, presented in piano before being subjected to a contrapuntal and virtuosic development. Then the material begins to modulate towards different keys in dramatic fashion, before ending with a resolute major key coda.
The second étude is rather free in form, resembling sonata form. It begins with a marked and dance-like main theme, soon contrasted by a more graceful and elegant second theme. What follows can be interpreted as a transition or extremely concise development, leading to a short recapitulation of the main theme. A quieter section offers dynamic contrast, in turn leading to the recapitulation of the second theme. A very varied recapitulation of the main theme (or second development) ends the work with a firm coda.
Picture: "The Orange Trees" (1878) by French painter Gustave Caillebotte.
Musical analysis written by myself. Source: tinyurl.com/24lpgjt5
Unfortunately, the score is not freely available.
Performed by Viller Valbonesi.
I - Presto: 0:00
II - Allegro con brio molto vivace: 2:20
Rudorff's Two Concert Études were composed on 1878, each being dedicated to two piano students of him at the Royal School of Music in Berlin; the first for Friedrich Grabau (1840-84), and the second to Heinrich Barth (1847-1922). These études were initially published separately in 1879, the first by Budapest publisher Rózsavölgy while the second by Berlin publisher Bote & Bock. However, these works were conceived as a pair. The premiere date and performers involved are currently unknown.
The second étude was particularly praised by critics. A performance by the dedicatee on April 9 of 1889, in the hall of the Royal School of Music prompted William Wolf in a review to describe it as "original, delightful and effective piece, incidentally very difficult". The publication of the first étude led to an encounter between Rudolff and Liszt, who played the piece shortly before his death. Having grown up in the tradition of Felix Mendelssohn and Robert Schumann, Rudorff was sceptic about Franz Liszt and his school. His commitment to Viennese Classicism is reflected in his collaboration on the complete edition of the works of Wolfgang Amadé Mozart. Carl Maria von Weber and Frédéric Chopin, whom he also admired, also found in him a conscientious editor. These names outline the background from which Rudorff's own work began
The first étude is monothematic in form. It opens with a rhythmic main theme in B minor in piano, presented in piano before being subjected to a contrapuntal and virtuosic development. Then the material begins to modulate towards different keys in dramatic fashion, before ending with a resolute major key coda.
The second étude is rather free in form, resembling sonata form. It begins with a marked and dance-like main theme, soon contrasted by a more graceful and elegant second theme. What follows can be interpreted as a transition or extremely concise development, leading to a short recapitulation of the main theme. A quieter section offers dynamic contrast, in turn leading to the recapitulation of the second theme. A very varied recapitulation of the main theme (or second development) ends the work with a firm coda.
Picture: "The Orange Trees" (1878) by French painter Gustave Caillebotte.
Musical analysis written by myself. Source: tinyurl.com/24lpgjt5
Unfortunately, the score is not freely available.
![Inclina Domine aurem tuam Motet - Giovanni Gabrieli
La Guilde des Mercenaires Ensemble conducted by Adrien Mabire.
I - 0:00
Gabrielis Inclina Domine aurem tuam was published in Volume I of Concerti di Andrea et di Giovanni Gabrieli in Venice on 1587, a collection mostly dedicated to the works of his uncle Andrea Gabrieli, but also includes Giovannis first motets. These early works show much influence of his uncles style in the use of dialogue and echo effects. It is scored for six voices (Cantus, Altus, Quintus, Sextus, Tenor and Bassus), with later arrangements including instrumental accompaniment by trombones and organ. The text is taken from Psalm 68.
Just as many European composers beat a trail to Venice to study with the renowned musicians there, the Venetian Giovanni Gabrieli’s earliest studies were with his uncle Andrea, at St Mark’s, before he travelled north to Munich to learn from the esteemed and influential Orlando de Lassus. Returning to Venice, he was appointed to St Mark’s as organist and subsequently, following his uncle’s death, as principal composer. Gabrielis career rose further when he took the additional post of organist at the Scuola Grande di San Rocco, another post he retained for his entire life. San Rocco was the most prestigious and wealthy of all the Venetian confraternities, and second only to San Marco itself in the splendour of its musical establishment.
Written in D (Aeolian mode), the music moves with a natural rhetoric that mirrors the prayer’s arc: an urgent plea for God to “incline your ear,” an admission of poverty and need, and a closing affirmation of trust. It opens with a canon between cantus and tenor, before the rest of voices join in an imitative counterpoint, culminating in a unison singing with et exaudi me. This briefly continues with the phrase inops et pauper sum ego, begun by solo sextus, before a trio begins between cantus, altus and quintus. Another trio then takes place between the sextus, tenor and bassus, leading to a contrapuntal passage between the voices. The work then ends with a solemn unison.
[Activate subtitles to see the lyrics in Latin/English].
Picture: The Penitent Magdalene (c. 1565) by the Italian painter Titian.
Musical analysis written by myself.
To check the score: https://tinyurl.com/2cofmpx5 Inclina Domine aurem tuam Motet - Giovanni Gabrieli](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/W7HYghdpWZw/mqdefault.jpg)









![Symphony No.12 De Döda på Torget (The Dead of the Square) - Allan Pettersson
Norrköping Symphony Orchestra, Swedish Radio Choir & Eric Ericson Chamber Choir conducted by Christian Lindberg.
I - De döda på torget (0:00) - Massakern (10:50) - Nitratens män (19:13) - Döden (24:33) - Hur fanorna föddes (29:16) - Jag kallar på dem (30:38) - Fienderna (36:25) - Här är de (43:16) - Alltid (46:32)
Petterssons Symphony No.12 was composed between May 1973 and January 1974, being commissioned by Carl Rune Larsson for the 500th anniversary of the Uppsala University. The commission (one of the few Pettersson ever took) requested a work contemporary in a profound sense. Petterson was inspired by Chilean poet Pablo Nerudas book of poems Canto General, using several poems as basis for a single-movement choral symphony. The piece was premiered on September 29 of 1977, being positively received although described as ill-suited for the occasion.
The nine poems that Allan Pettersson set to music are taken from the fifth part of Canto General, entitled The Sand Betrayed. They describe a massacre of innocent demonstrators that took place in Santiago de Chile on January 28 of 1946, known as the Plaza Bulnes massacre. On that day a manifestation took place in said plaza organized by the Communist Party of Chile, being attended by almost 20,000 people. This was done as a reaction against the illegalization of unions after saltpetre workers announced a strike. The manifestation itself was brutally suppressed by the Chilean police, with fifty people being injured and six dead. Several victims, such as 19-year-old unionist Ramona Parra, are quoted in Nerudas work. Pettersson would also use Nerudas Canto General for the 1974 cantata Vox Humana.
The symphony became unexpectedly highly topical in August 1973, when a military junta led by Augusto Pinochet overthrew the government of Chilean president Salvador Allende, beginning a repressive dictatorship that would last until 1990. Despite all of this, Pettersson remarked that the symphony was not political in nature, but that it signified a protest against all forms of cruelty between human beings. The score is preceded by the following foreword: All of human history consists of mans cruelty to man — as in the beginning when one individual was set against another, and the weaker of them was struck down. And when the large popular collectives developed, this basic motif already existed and it was furthered by certain politicians into a persistent, appalling theme — that of gratuitous cruelty.
The symphony was subtitled The Dead in the Square, the title of the first of the poems, and it was composed for choir and orchestra, the only one of his symphonies with vocal parts. The choir sings largely uninterruptedly, often very forcefully and in difficult registers, which makes the choral parts very demanding. Pettersson frequently lets the music go against the rhythm of the text. The style of the writing is recognizable from others of his symphonies with shifts between highly chromatic passages, sections that can best be described as atonal or as having free tonality, and others with exchanges between simple minor chords. The symphony contains few passages in which the listener can rest for any length of time in a well-defined tonality. And when this does occur, there are usually disturbing voices which maintain the tension and the anxiety. The listener is kept in a dramatic iron grip throughout just about the entire lengthy symphony. The text is characterized by cruelty and grief, but in the final strophe hope is rekindled, something that Pettersson chose to express in a vibrant chord of C major.
[Musical analysis is found in the comments section]
[Activate subtitles to see the lyrics in Swedish/English]
Picture: Photograph of the state repression against the protesters during the Plaza Bulnes massacre (1946).
Sources: https://tinyurl.com/2cbguqzz and https://tinyurl.com/27l3ld8q
To check the score: https://tinyurl.com/274r9jlc Symphony No.12 De Döda på Torget (The Dead of the Square) - Allan Pettersson](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/ZP-kIwkeF0k/mqdefault.jpg)