Uploaded April 2026 | Updated September 2026, 2 weeks ago
Aarhus Symphony Orchestra conducted by Owain Arwel Hughes.
I - Allegro assai (𝅘𝅥 = c. 120-32) - Con moto (𝅗𝅥 = c. 72) - A tempo (𝅘𝅥 = c. 120): 0:00
II - Allegro moderato (𝅘𝅥 = c. 92) - Animato (𝅘𝅥 = c. 120) - Tempo giusto - Calmo (𝅘𝅥 = c. 92) - A tempo (𝅘𝅥 = c. 120): 5:38
III - Allegro con brio (𝅘𝅥 = c. 132) - Meno mosso (𝅘𝅥 = c. 104)- Calmo (𝅘𝅥 = c. 80) - Più mosso (𝅘𝅥 = c. 120) - Adagio - Stretto, espansivo (𝅘𝅥 = c. 132) - Meno mosso: 10:55
Holmboe's Symphony No.13 was composed in 1994, commissioned by Welsh conductor Owain Arwel Hughes (to whom the score is dedicated). They had become acquainted in the course of the major project undertook by Swedish label BIS to record all of Holmboe's symphonies. It was premiered in Copenhagen on March 1 of 1996, performed by the Danish National Radio Symphony Orchestra conducted by Owain Arwel Hughes. Structured in three compact movements, the work shows the composer's last symphonic use of the Metamorphosis technique in a concentrated form.
Holmboe's Metamorphosis is an original structural principle in which the material is continually being transformed from one state to another, gradually reaching a "total change", without losing its identity or its fundamental characteristics. The correspondence with nature's continuous transformation of matter is striking, and the material which Holmboe introduces into the process of change is most usually a musical "embryo", a thematic, motivic or rhythmical idea. Throughout a lifelong development he unwaveringly kept to a modal-diatonic basis (twelve tone music and serialism appealed little to him) but the principle has striking similarities with the constructive principles employed by Schoenberg and his pupils.
The first movement is rather free in form. It begins with a rhythmic three-note motive on strings supported by brass chords and percussion, this motive is the core element of the entire symphony. It is then subjected to a series of metamorphosic transformations; one more lyrical on contrapuntal woodwinds while another takes the form of a reference to the German master J. S. Bach: the B-A-C-H theme (Bb-A-C-B). The three-note motive is still clearly audible in all of these variations. The music reaches a wilful climax before the allegro ends with a slow coda, with cello, woods and vibraphone restating the motive for the last time
The second movement is also rather free, vaguely resembling ternary form in structure. It opens with a lively and ambiguous theme born between the interaction of different instrumental groups, clearly derived from the three-note motive. Again it follows the same procedure as in the first movement, being metamorphosically transformed with vast differences in terms of dynamics, tempo, mood. For instance, the central section is much more static and contemplative, before the rhythm returns and leads to a kind of climax. The allegro remains unpredictable: near the end, the first movement's severe opening returns but dissolves into a wittily understated conclusion.
The third movement is free in form. It begins with a determined theme again built on the three-note motive, with marching rhythms underneath. A contrapuntal metamorphosic development then ensues, taking a dance-like motion. After an expansive climax, a calm and mysterious passage dominated by woodwinds and percussion offers dynamic contrast. Music grows in a prolongued crescendo that leads to a vigorous and wilful climax, recalling similar passages from the first movement. The development continues in full force, Unexpectedly, at the very end a calm solo flute carries an active movement away into reflective silence.
Picture: "Still Life" by Danish painter Boerge Ludvig Knudsen.
Musical analysis partially written by myself. Source: tinyurl.com/2apebbhr
To check the score: tinyurl.com/2d7d4e9n
Aarhus Symphony Orchestra conducted by Owain Arwel Hughes.
I - Allegro assai (𝅘𝅥 = c. 120-32) - Con moto (𝅗𝅥 = c. 72) - A tempo (𝅘𝅥 = c. 120): 0:00
II - Allegro moderato (𝅘𝅥 = c. 92) - Animato (𝅘𝅥 = c. 120) - Tempo giusto - Calmo (𝅘𝅥 = c. 92) - A tempo (𝅘𝅥 = c. 120): 5:38
III - Allegro con brio (𝅘𝅥 = c. 132) - Meno mosso (𝅘𝅥 = c. 104)- Calmo (𝅘𝅥 = c. 80) - Più mosso (𝅘𝅥 = c. 120) - Adagio - Stretto, espansivo (𝅘𝅥 = c. 132) - Meno mosso: 10:55
Holmboe's Symphony No.13 was composed in 1994, commissioned by Welsh conductor Owain Arwel Hughes (to whom the score is dedicated). They had become acquainted in the course of the major project undertook by Swedish label BIS to record all of Holmboe's symphonies. It was premiered in Copenhagen on March 1 of 1996, performed by the Danish National Radio Symphony Orchestra conducted by Owain Arwel Hughes. Structured in three compact movements, the work shows the composer's last symphonic use of the Metamorphosis technique in a concentrated form.
Holmboe's Metamorphosis is an original structural principle in which the material is continually being transformed from one state to another, gradually reaching a "total change", without losing its identity or its fundamental characteristics. The correspondence with nature's continuous transformation of matter is striking, and the material which Holmboe introduces into the process of change is most usually a musical "embryo", a thematic, motivic or rhythmical idea. Throughout a lifelong development he unwaveringly kept to a modal-diatonic basis (twelve tone music and serialism appealed little to him) but the principle has striking similarities with the constructive principles employed by Schoenberg and his pupils.
The first movement is rather free in form. It begins with a rhythmic three-note motive on strings supported by brass chords and percussion, this motive is the core element of the entire symphony. It is then subjected to a series of metamorphosic transformations; one more lyrical on contrapuntal woodwinds while another takes the form of a reference to the German master J. S. Bach: the B-A-C-H theme (Bb-A-C-B). The three-note motive is still clearly audible in all of these variations. The music reaches a wilful climax before the allegro ends with a slow coda, with cello, woods and vibraphone restating the motive for the last time
The second movement is also rather free, vaguely resembling ternary form in structure. It opens with a lively and ambiguous theme born between the interaction of different instrumental groups, clearly derived from the three-note motive. Again it follows the same procedure as in the first movement, being metamorphosically transformed with vast differences in terms of dynamics, tempo, mood. For instance, the central section is much more static and contemplative, before the rhythm returns and leads to a kind of climax. The allegro remains unpredictable: near the end, the first movement's severe opening returns but dissolves into a wittily understated conclusion.
The third movement is free in form. It begins with a determined theme again built on the three-note motive, with marching rhythms underneath. A contrapuntal metamorphosic development then ensues, taking a dance-like motion. After an expansive climax, a calm and mysterious passage dominated by woodwinds and percussion offers dynamic contrast. Music grows in a prolongued crescendo that leads to a vigorous and wilful climax, recalling similar passages from the first movement. The development continues in full force, Unexpectedly, at the very end a calm solo flute carries an active movement away into reflective silence.
Picture: "Still Life" by Danish painter Boerge Ludvig Knudsen.
Musical analysis partially written by myself. Source: tinyurl.com/2apebbhr
To check the score: tinyurl.com/2d7d4e9n

![Symphony No.12 De Döda på Torget (The Dead of the Square) - Allan Pettersson
Norrköping Symphony Orchestra, Swedish Radio Choir & Eric Ericson Chamber Choir conducted by Christian Lindberg.
I - De döda på torget (0:00) - Massakern (10:50) - Nitratens män (19:13) - Döden (24:33) - Hur fanorna föddes (29:16) - Jag kallar på dem (30:38) - Fienderna (36:25) - Här är de (43:16) - Alltid (46:32)
Petterssons Symphony No.12 was composed between May 1973 and January 1974, being commissioned by Carl Rune Larsson for the 500th anniversary of the Uppsala University. The commission (one of the few Pettersson ever took) requested a work contemporary in a profound sense. Petterson was inspired by Chilean poet Pablo Nerudas book of poems Canto General, using several poems as basis for a single-movement choral symphony. The piece was premiered on September 29 of 1977, being positively received although described as ill-suited for the occasion.
The nine poems that Allan Pettersson set to music are taken from the fifth part of Canto General, entitled The Sand Betrayed. They describe a massacre of innocent demonstrators that took place in Santiago de Chile on January 28 of 1946, known as the Plaza Bulnes massacre. On that day a manifestation took place in said plaza organized by the Communist Party of Chile, being attended by almost 20,000 people. This was done as a reaction against the illegalization of unions after saltpetre workers announced a strike. The manifestation itself was brutally suppressed by the Chilean police, with fifty people being injured and six dead. Several victims, such as 19-year-old unionist Ramona Parra, are quoted in Nerudas work. Pettersson would also use Nerudas Canto General for the 1974 cantata Vox Humana.
The symphony became unexpectedly highly topical in August 1973, when a military junta led by Augusto Pinochet overthrew the government of Chilean president Salvador Allende, beginning a repressive dictatorship that would last until 1990. Despite all of this, Pettersson remarked that the symphony was not political in nature, but that it signified a protest against all forms of cruelty between human beings. The score is preceded by the following foreword: All of human history consists of mans cruelty to man — as in the beginning when one individual was set against another, and the weaker of them was struck down. And when the large popular collectives developed, this basic motif already existed and it was furthered by certain politicians into a persistent, appalling theme — that of gratuitous cruelty.
The symphony was subtitled The Dead in the Square, the title of the first of the poems, and it was composed for choir and orchestra, the only one of his symphonies with vocal parts. The choir sings largely uninterruptedly, often very forcefully and in difficult registers, which makes the choral parts very demanding. Pettersson frequently lets the music go against the rhythm of the text. The style of the writing is recognizable from others of his symphonies with shifts between highly chromatic passages, sections that can best be described as atonal or as having free tonality, and others with exchanges between simple minor chords. The symphony contains few passages in which the listener can rest for any length of time in a well-defined tonality. And when this does occur, there are usually disturbing voices which maintain the tension and the anxiety. The listener is kept in a dramatic iron grip throughout just about the entire lengthy symphony. The text is characterized by cruelty and grief, but in the final strophe hope is rekindled, something that Pettersson chose to express in a vibrant chord of C major.
[Musical analysis is found in the comments section]
[Activate subtitles to see the lyrics in Swedish/English]
Picture: Photograph of the state repression against the protesters during the Plaza Bulnes massacre (1946).
Sources: https://tinyurl.com/2cbguqzz and https://tinyurl.com/27l3ld8q
To check the score: https://tinyurl.com/274r9jlc Symphony No.12 De Döda på Torget (The Dead of the Square) - Allan Pettersson](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/ZP-kIwkeF0k/mqdefault.jpg)






![Symphony No.3 in C minor Song of Miriam - Friedrich Gernsheim
Mainz Philharmonic State Orchestra conducted by Hermann Bäumer.
I - In Bondage. Allegro ma non troppo: 0:00
II - Miriams Song. Molto adagio: 11:23
III - The Escape. Molto vivace: 19:49
IV - Freedom; Songs of Victory and Joy. Allegro con brio - Un poco meno - Con brio (Tempo I) - Tranquillo - Con brio - Un poco meno - Con brio - Più mosso: 23:45
Gernsheims Symphony No.3 was composed between the Spring and Summer of 1887. It was premiered in a Rotterdam on January 13 of 1888, during the composer’s tenure as Music Director of the city’s Philharmonic Society. The work was very well-received, and proved to be the most successful of Gernsheims Symphonies. Two months later, the success was repeated in a concert of Hans von Bülow’s in Berlin. Responding enthusiastically to Gernsheims participation in a Berlin performance of his Second («Resurrection») Symphony in 1895, Gustav Mahler offered to perform Gernsheims third, a plan that was probably never realized. No less a figure than Richard Strauss honoured the composer on his seventy-fifth birthday by performing this symphony in a Berlin concert of the Royal Orchestra.
Gernsheim was a conservative composer and a friend of Johannes Brahms, to whom he is frequently compared. They met on 1862 and both shared their disregard for program music and lack of interest in opera. Gernsheim had learned much from Brahms, especially in his manner of working out thematic content and, to a lesser extent, in his manner of orchestration. However, his music also successfully melds together echoes of Beethoven, Mendelssohn, Spohr, Schubert and (of course) Brahms into a convincing style of his own. Notable is the subtle but clear incorporation of a French influence from Saint-Saëns, with whom Gernsheim became friends during his years of study in Paris between 1855-60.
The Third Symphony is unique among Gernsheim’s instrumental works in having an extra-musical program. In an article written for the Allgemeine Zeitung des Judentums (General Journal of Jewry), the composer related how while studying composition at the Leipzig Conservatory in 1853, he was profoundly impacted by a performance of Handels Israel in Egypt. He was particularly drawn to the figure of Miriam, the prophetess and sister of Aaron, who sang the song of the sea: a hymn of praise to God after the crossing the Red Sea in safety, which celebrates their freedom after generations of slavery and oppression by the Egyptians. For decades, Gernsheim remembered this concert experience and it served as inspiration for the symphony.
The Torah refers to her as Miriam the Prophetess and the Talmud names her as one of the seven major female prophets of Israel. Scripture describes her alongside of Moses and Aaron as delivering the Jews from exile in Egypt: For I brought you up out of the land of Egypt and redeemed you from the house of slavery, and I sent before you Moses, Aaron, and Miriam. According to the Midrash, just as Moses led the men out of Egypt and taught them Torah, so too Miriam led the women and taught them Torah. Like Beethovens famous Pastoral Symphony, Gernsheims Third aims to depict a series of moods, but not strictly narrate a story like in Berliozs Symphonie Fantastique.
The first movement, subtitled In der Knechtschaft (In Bondage), is structured in sonata form, depicting the oppression of the Israelites in Egypt, suffering under slavery with occasional flashes of light and hope. It begins with a sinuous, melancholic introduction dominated by the wood, introducing motives that are the basis of the movement. The main allegro begins with a stormy and passionate main theme in C minor, with a more melodic central passage. A desperate, fortissisimo climax is reached, which leads to the melancholic second theme, which grows into a second fortissisimo climax but in a major key and a hopeful tone. The development begins with the return of the introduction material, leading to a dramatic series of modulation, reaching a third fortissisimo climax. A transition leads to the recapitulations of the material, with references to the introduction. The second theme is in C major, leading to a brilliant peak before returning to C minor. A forceful and dramatic coda ends the allegro.
[Musical analysis continued in the comments section].
Picture: Miriams Song of Praise (1836) by the German painter Wilhelm Hensel.
Musical analysis written by myself. Sources: https://tinyurl.com/2cuhp2q7 and https://tinyurl.com/28avmsjy
To check the score: https://tinyurl.com/23r52syl Symphony No.3 in C minor Song of Miriam - Friedrich Gernsheim](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/afwD3TwdQSY/mqdefault.jpg)

