Uploaded April 2015 | Updated September 2026, 1 week ago
100 - Transverse and Longitudinal Waves
In this video Paul Andersen compares and contrasts transverse and longitudinal waves. Waves carry energy through oscillations. In transverse waves the oscillations are perpendicular to the direction of the wave and in longitudinal they are parallel. Several examples and a simulation are included.
Do you speak another language? Help me translate my videos:
bozemanscience.com/translations
Music Attribution
Title: String Theory
Artist: Herman Jolly
sunsetvalley.bandcamp.com/track/string-theory
All of the images are licensed under creative commons and public domain licensing:
2007, Dantor 10:21, 1 November. Layer Structure of Earth Including Distance Scale, 2007. based on. commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Aufbau_der_erde_schematisch2.png.
Debianux. Deutsch: Schwingungs- Und Ausbreitungsrichtung Einer Longitudinalwelle (a) Und Einer Transversalwelle (b) (Beschriftung Auf Deutsch), September 14, 2008. Own work. commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Longitudinalwelle_Transversalwelle.png.
ESO. English: Artist’s Impression of How Type Ia Supernovae May Look like as Revealed by Spectro-Polarimetry Observations. The Outer Regions of the Blast Cloud Is Asymmetric, with Different Materials Found in “Clumps”, While the Inner Regions Are Smooth. Using Observations of 17 Supernovae Made over More than 10 Years with ESO’s Very Large Telescope and the McDonald Observatory’s Otto Struve Telescope, Astronomers Inferred the Shape and Structure of the Debris Cloud Thrown out from Type Ia Supernovae. Such Supernovae Are Thought to Be the Result of the Explosion of a Small and Dense Star — a White Dwarf — inside a Binary System. As Its Companion Continuously Spills Matter onto the White Dwarf, the White Dwarf Reaches a Critical Mass, Leading to a Fatal Instability and the Supernova. But What Sparks the Initial Explosion, and How the Blast Travels through the Star Have Long Been Thorny Issues. The Study Shows That the Outer Regions of the Blast Cloud Is Asymmetric, with Different Materials Found in “Clumps”, While the Inner Regions Are Smooth., November 30, 2006. eso.org/public/images/eso0644a/. commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Artist%27s_impression_of_how_Type_Ia_supernovae_may_look_like_as_revealed_by_spectro-polarimetry_observations.jpg.
“Kola Superdeep Borehole.” Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia, February 24, 2015. en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kola_Superdeep_Borehole&oldid=648704046.
“Longitudinal Wave.” Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia, April 4, 2015. en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Longitudinal_wave&oldid=654878903.
McLassus, Roger. Deutsch: Das Bild Zeigt Eine Realistische Störung Der Wasseroberfläche (durch Kurzes Eintauchen Eines Stabes) Und Die Ausbreitung Dieser Störung Durch Kreiswellen von Eingeschränkter Konzentrizität Und Deren Überlagerungen. Der Flache Beleuchtungswinkel Gibt Dem Wasser Ein Fast Metallisches Aussehen.English: Surface Waves of Water: Expansion of a Disturbance. – It Shows a Realistic Disturbance (caused by Shortly Dipping a Stick into the Water) and Its Expansion Forming Interfering Circles of Limited Concentricity. The near Metallic Appearance of the Water’s Surface Is due to the Small Angle of illumination.Español: Ondas Superficiales En El Agua: Expansión de Una Perturbación. – Muestra Una Representación Realista de Una Perturbación (causada Por Sumergir Por Un Instante Un Palito En El Agua) Y Su Expansión Formando Círculos Concéntricos Que Interfieren. La Apariencia Metálica de La Superficie Del Agua Se Debe Al Bajo Ángulo En La iluminación.Français : Ondes de Surface Sur de L’eau : L’expansion D’une Perturbation. On Observe Une Perturbation Réaliste (due À Un Bâton) et Son Expansion Sous La Forme D’ondes Interférentes et Grossièrement Concentriques. L’aspect Quasi Métallique de L’eau Est Dû À Une Lumière rasante.Português: Ondas de Superfície de Água: A Expansão de Um Distúrbio. É Mostrada a Perturbação Realística (causada Por Um Bastão) E Sua Expansão Formando Círculos de Interferência Aproximadamente Concêntricos. A Aparência Metálica Da Superfície É Resultante Do Baixo Ângulo de Iluminação., January 14, 2006. picture taken by Roger McLassus (improved by DemonDeLuxe, Sep 2006). commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:2006-01-14_Surface_waves.jpg.
“Polarizer.” Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia, March 23, 2015. en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Polarizer&oldid=653122103.
“Polarizer.” Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia, March 23, 2015. en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Polarizer&oldid=653122103.
“Transverse Wave.” Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia, March 25, 2015. en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Transverse_wave&oldid=653425060.
100 - Transverse and Longitudinal Waves
In this video Paul Andersen compares and contrasts transverse and longitudinal waves. Waves carry energy through oscillations. In transverse waves the oscillations are perpendicular to the direction of the wave and in longitudinal they are parallel. Several examples and a simulation are included.
Do you speak another language? Help me translate my videos:
bozemanscience.com/translations
Music Attribution
Title: String Theory
Artist: Herman Jolly
sunsetvalley.bandcamp.com/track/string-theory
All of the images are licensed under creative commons and public domain licensing:
2007, Dantor 10:21, 1 November. Layer Structure of Earth Including Distance Scale, 2007. based on. commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Aufbau_der_erde_schematisch2.png.
Debianux. Deutsch: Schwingungs- Und Ausbreitungsrichtung Einer Longitudinalwelle (a) Und Einer Transversalwelle (b) (Beschriftung Auf Deutsch), September 14, 2008. Own work. commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Longitudinalwelle_Transversalwelle.png.
ESO. English: Artist’s Impression of How Type Ia Supernovae May Look like as Revealed by Spectro-Polarimetry Observations. The Outer Regions of the Blast Cloud Is Asymmetric, with Different Materials Found in “Clumps”, While the Inner Regions Are Smooth. Using Observations of 17 Supernovae Made over More than 10 Years with ESO’s Very Large Telescope and the McDonald Observatory’s Otto Struve Telescope, Astronomers Inferred the Shape and Structure of the Debris Cloud Thrown out from Type Ia Supernovae. Such Supernovae Are Thought to Be the Result of the Explosion of a Small and Dense Star — a White Dwarf — inside a Binary System. As Its Companion Continuously Spills Matter onto the White Dwarf, the White Dwarf Reaches a Critical Mass, Leading to a Fatal Instability and the Supernova. But What Sparks the Initial Explosion, and How the Blast Travels through the Star Have Long Been Thorny Issues. The Study Shows That the Outer Regions of the Blast Cloud Is Asymmetric, with Different Materials Found in “Clumps”, While the Inner Regions Are Smooth., November 30, 2006. eso.org/public/images/eso0644a/. commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Artist%27s_impression_of_how_Type_Ia_supernovae_may_look_like_as_revealed_by_spectro-polarimetry_observations.jpg.
“Kola Superdeep Borehole.” Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia, February 24, 2015. en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kola_Superdeep_Borehole&oldid=648704046.
“Longitudinal Wave.” Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia, April 4, 2015. en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Longitudinal_wave&oldid=654878903.
McLassus, Roger. Deutsch: Das Bild Zeigt Eine Realistische Störung Der Wasseroberfläche (durch Kurzes Eintauchen Eines Stabes) Und Die Ausbreitung Dieser Störung Durch Kreiswellen von Eingeschränkter Konzentrizität Und Deren Überlagerungen. Der Flache Beleuchtungswinkel Gibt Dem Wasser Ein Fast Metallisches Aussehen.English: Surface Waves of Water: Expansion of a Disturbance. – It Shows a Realistic Disturbance (caused by Shortly Dipping a Stick into the Water) and Its Expansion Forming Interfering Circles of Limited Concentricity. The near Metallic Appearance of the Water’s Surface Is due to the Small Angle of illumination.Español: Ondas Superficiales En El Agua: Expansión de Una Perturbación. – Muestra Una Representación Realista de Una Perturbación (causada Por Sumergir Por Un Instante Un Palito En El Agua) Y Su Expansión Formando Círculos Concéntricos Que Interfieren. La Apariencia Metálica de La Superficie Del Agua Se Debe Al Bajo Ángulo En La iluminación.Français : Ondes de Surface Sur de L’eau : L’expansion D’une Perturbation. On Observe Une Perturbation Réaliste (due À Un Bâton) et Son Expansion Sous La Forme D’ondes Interférentes et Grossièrement Concentriques. L’aspect Quasi Métallique de L’eau Est Dû À Une Lumière rasante.Português: Ondas de Superfície de Água: A Expansão de Um Distúrbio. É Mostrada a Perturbação Realística (causada Por Um Bastão) E Sua Expansão Formando Círculos de Interferência Aproximadamente Concêntricos. A Aparência Metálica Da Superfície É Resultante Do Baixo Ângulo de Iluminação., January 14, 2006. picture taken by Roger McLassus (improved by DemonDeLuxe, Sep 2006). commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:2006-01-14_Surface_waves.jpg.
“Polarizer.” Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia, March 23, 2015. en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Polarizer&oldid=653122103.
“Polarizer.” Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia, March 23, 2015. en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Polarizer&oldid=653122103.
“Transverse Wave.” Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia, March 25, 2015. en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Transverse_wave&oldid=653425060.




![Fishing
020 - Fishing
In this video Paul Andersen explains how various techniques have been used for years to collect seafood. Commercial fishing has led to overfishing in certain areas and species due to the tragedy of the commons. An explanation of aquaculture and sustainable fish yield is also included.
Do you speak another language? Help me translate my videos:
http://www.bozemanscience.com/translations/
Music Attribution
Intro
Title: I4dsong_loop_main.wav
Artist: CosmicD
Link to sound: http://www.freesound.org/people/CosmicD/sounds/72556/
Creative Commons Atribution License
Outro
Title: String Theory
Artist: Herman Jolly
http://sunsetvalley.bandcamp.com/track/string-theory
All of the images are licensed under creative commons and public domain licensing:
Bjørkan, T. (2010). English: Fish cages in Velfjorden, Brønnøy, Norway. Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Fish_cages.jpg
Con-struct. (2013a). English: Global total wild fish capture and aquaculture production in million tonnes, as reported by the FAO. Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Global_total_fish_harvest.svg
Con-struct. (2013b). English: Global total wild fish capture and aquaculture production in million tonnes, as reported by the FAO. Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Global_total_fish_harvest.svg
CZ, P. R. from P. (2006). Traditional fish traps, Hà Tây, Vietnam. Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%C4%90%C3%B3.jpg
Epipelagic. (2012a). English: Global wild fish capture in million tonnes, 1950–2010, as reported by the FAO. Based on data sourced from the FishStat database. Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Global_wild_fish_capture.png
Epipelagic. (2012b). English: Time series for the collapse of the Atlantic northwest cod stock. Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Time_series_for_collapse_of_Atlantic_northwest_cod.png
Fg2. (2005). English: Ama (pearl diver) in Japan. Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ama2.jpg
File:Seineak.JPG. (2012, March 21). In Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Seineak.JPG&oldid=483253210
Gagnon, B. (2006). Français : Pêcheurs sur échasses près de Unawatuna, Sri Lanka. Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Stilts_fishermen_Sri_Lanka_02.jpg
Hammond, K. (Unknown date). Aquaculture - workers harvest catfish from the Delta Pride Catfish farms in Mississippi. Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Delta_Pride_Catfish_farm_harvest.jpg
Health, N. I. for O. S. and. (2013). English: Boat fishing for crabs in the Bering Sea. Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Crab_fishing_boat.png
Inaglory, B. ([object HTMLTableCellElement]). English: Spear fisherman in Hawaii. Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Spear_fisherman_in_Hawaii.jpg
India, C. E. V. from C. (2007). English: A fisherman in Kerala, India. A fisherman casting a net in Kerala, India. Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kerala_fisherman.jpg
jjron. (2009). English: Fishermen jigging for squid with jiggerpoles off the historic Queenscliff Pier in the early evening. Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Jigging_off_Queenscliff_Pier,_Vic,_jjron_5.12.2009.jpg
Lamiot. (2010). English: Collapse of Atlantic cod stocks off the East Coast of Newfoundland in 1992. Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Surexploitation_morue_surp%C3%AAcheEn.jpg
Pararas-Carayannis, D. G. (2000). English: Aquaculture’s effect on the environment. Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Risks_aquaculture_550.jpg
Rojas, C. O. (1997). English: About 400 tons (360 t) of Chilean jack mackerel (Trachurus murphyi) are caught by a Chilean purse seiner off of Peru. Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Chilean_purse_seine.jpg
Sitting man fishing - Free People icons. (n.d.). Retrieved October 19, 2015, from www.flaticon.com/free-icon/sitting-man-fishing 10588
(n.d.). Retrieved from https://openclipart.org/detail/194769/fisherman-fishing-sitting-by-a-lake Fishing](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/rkpnS8xllbs/mqdefault.jpg)





![Solid Waste
031 - Solid Waste
In this video Paul Andersen explains the basics of solid waste including trends over time, basic composition, and disposal. A brief description of the three Rs (reuse, reduce, and recycle) is included as ways to minimize waste. Legislation including RCRA and CERCLA (the Superfund Act) were enacted to deal with hazardous waste. A description of basic landfill construction is also included.
Do you speak another language? Help me translate my videos:
http://www.bozemanscience.com/translations/
Music Attribution
Intro
Title: I4dsong_loop_main.wav
Artist: CosmicD
Link to sound: http://www.freesound.org/people/CosmicD/sounds/72556/
Creative Commons Atribution License
Outro
Title: String Theory
Artist: Herman Jolly
http://sunsetvalley.bandcamp.com/track/string-theory
All of the images are licensed under creative commons and public domain licensing:
André, M. (2006). English: The ring-pull tab on an aluminium drinking can. Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Drinking_can_ring-pull_tab.jpg
AvWijk. (2008). English: Pile of e-Waste / Electronic waste: A few older and defective computers, CRT monitors and a television. Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ewaste-pile.jpg
Brazil, A. R. ([object HTMLTableCellElement]). English: Electric wire reel used in MORAR MAIS POR MENOS. Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Electric_wire_reel_reused_in_a_furniture_ecodesign.jpg
Brix, R. (2006). Scarabaeus laticollis near a nuraghe near Monte Tiscali, Sardinia, Italy. Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Scarabaeus_laticollis_2.jpg
Crystalclear. (2007). Deutsch: Ländliche Kompostierungsanlage für Biomüll und Gartenabfälle in Deutschland. Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Compost_site_germany.JPG
Cycle, S. (2010). English: Plastic bottles in the back of a pickup truck, ready for recycling. Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Recyclables.JPG
en.wikipedia, O. uploader was D. G. at. (2008). English: Composting in the Escuela Barreales. Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Composting_in_the_Escuela_Barreales.jpg
en.wikipedia, U. C. on. (2006). Summary. Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Recycle001.svg
Estormiz. (2009). English: Gulls and other birds in the Rusko landfill site in Oulu, Finland. Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Rusko_Landfill_20090530.JPG
E-waste recycled. (n.d.). Retrieved December 15, 2015, from https://www.flickr.com/photos/manbeastextraordinaire/2371462241/
foldablebags.com go green bag. (n.d.). Retrieved December 18, 2015, from https://www.flickr.com/photos/foldablebags_com/4527744948/
Frutiger, L. S. (2012). English: eBay’s logo since October 2012. Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:EBay_logo.svg
Ltd, A. M. 2004 Clarke Energy. (2004). Mixed municipal waste at Hiriya transfer station, Israel. Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mixed_municipal_waste.JPG
Marlenenapoli. (2011). Deutsch: Ghanesen arbeiten in Agbogbloshie, einer Vorstadt von Accra, Ghana. Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Agbogbloshie.JPG
Nagel, N. (2011). Deutsch: Müllverbrennungsanlage. Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Industry_park_H%C3%B6chst waste-to-energy_plant Industriepark_H%C3%B6chst M%C3%BCllverbrennungsanlage 03.jpg
Navy, E. P. O. 2nd C. J. R. E. U. S. (2012). English: U.S. Navy Seaman Erickson Schafer bands barrels of hazardous waste. Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Defense.gov_News_Photo_120315-N-DR144-286 U.S._Navy_Seaman_Erickson_Schafer_bands_barrels_of_hazardous_waste_for_offload_to_a_Military_Sealift_Command_ship_aboard_the_aircraft_carrier_USS.jpg
p, C. (1999). Polski: Wysypisko odpadów w Łubnej. Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Wysypisko.jpg
Photographer, M. John, 1940-. (1973). ABOUT 3,000 DRUMS CONTAINING HAZARDOUS INDUSTRIAL WASTES. Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:ABOUT_3,000_DRUMS_CONTAINING_HAZARDOUS_INDUSTRIAL_WASTES_HAVE_BEEN_STORED_FOR_SIX_MONTHS_IN_THIS_SWAMPY_FIELD_NEAR... NARA 552883.jpg
skew-t. ([object HTMLTableCellElement]). English: Map of Superfund sites in the United States. Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Superfund_sites.svg Solid Waste](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/tl-68EVZX_k/mqdefault.jpg)