Uploaded July 2015 | Updated September 2026, 1 week ago
127 - Matter as a Particle
In this video Paul Andersen explains how matter, like light, can be treated as both a particle and a wave. Louis de Broglie proposed that matter could act as a wave and described the wavelength of matter as a function of Planck's constant divided by the momentum of the particle. The wave model is only appropriate at the nanoscale.
Do you speak another language? Help me translate my videos:
bozemanscience.com/translations
Music Attribution
Title: String Theory
Artist: Herman Jolly
sunsetvalley.bandcamp.com/track/string-theory
All of the images are licensed under creative commons and public domain licensing:
[1, Lucien Chavan. English: German-Born Theoretical Physicist Albert Einstein., or 1905[2 1904. Transferred from en.wikipedia; transferred to Commons by User:Guerillero using CommonsHelper. (Original text : Cropped from original at the Historical Museum of Berne.). commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Einstein_patentoffice.jpg.
“Electron Microscope.” Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia, April 29, 2015. en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Electron_microscope&oldid=659919425.
“Louis de Broglie.” Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia, April 22, 2015. en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Louis_de_Broglie&oldid=658409578.
127 - Matter as a Particle
In this video Paul Andersen explains how matter, like light, can be treated as both a particle and a wave. Louis de Broglie proposed that matter could act as a wave and described the wavelength of matter as a function of Planck's constant divided by the momentum of the particle. The wave model is only appropriate at the nanoscale.
Do you speak another language? Help me translate my videos:
bozemanscience.com/translations
Music Attribution
Title: String Theory
Artist: Herman Jolly
sunsetvalley.bandcamp.com/track/string-theory
All of the images are licensed under creative commons and public domain licensing:
[1, Lucien Chavan. English: German-Born Theoretical Physicist Albert Einstein., or 1905[2 1904. Transferred from en.wikipedia; transferred to Commons by User:Guerillero using CommonsHelper. (Original text : Cropped from original at the Historical Museum of Berne.). commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Einstein_patentoffice.jpg.
“Electron Microscope.” Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia, April 29, 2015. en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Electron_microscope&oldid=659919425.
“Louis de Broglie.” Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia, April 22, 2015. en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Louis_de_Broglie&oldid=658409578.

![Solid Waste
031 - Solid Waste
In this video Paul Andersen explains the basics of solid waste including trends over time, basic composition, and disposal. A brief description of the three Rs (reuse, reduce, and recycle) is included as ways to minimize waste. Legislation including RCRA and CERCLA (the Superfund Act) were enacted to deal with hazardous waste. A description of basic landfill construction is also included.
Do you speak another language? Help me translate my videos:
http://www.bozemanscience.com/translations/
Music Attribution
Intro
Title: I4dsong_loop_main.wav
Artist: CosmicD
Link to sound: http://www.freesound.org/people/CosmicD/sounds/72556/
Creative Commons Atribution License
Outro
Title: String Theory
Artist: Herman Jolly
http://sunsetvalley.bandcamp.com/track/string-theory
All of the images are licensed under creative commons and public domain licensing:
André, M. (2006). English: The ring-pull tab on an aluminium drinking can. Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Drinking_can_ring-pull_tab.jpg
AvWijk. (2008). English: Pile of e-Waste / Electronic waste: A few older and defective computers, CRT monitors and a television. Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ewaste-pile.jpg
Brazil, A. R. ([object HTMLTableCellElement]). English: Electric wire reel used in MORAR MAIS POR MENOS. Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Electric_wire_reel_reused_in_a_furniture_ecodesign.jpg
Brix, R. (2006). Scarabaeus laticollis near a nuraghe near Monte Tiscali, Sardinia, Italy. Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Scarabaeus_laticollis_2.jpg
Crystalclear. (2007). Deutsch: Ländliche Kompostierungsanlage für Biomüll und Gartenabfälle in Deutschland. Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Compost_site_germany.JPG
Cycle, S. (2010). English: Plastic bottles in the back of a pickup truck, ready for recycling. Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Recyclables.JPG
en.wikipedia, O. uploader was D. G. at. (2008). English: Composting in the Escuela Barreales. Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Composting_in_the_Escuela_Barreales.jpg
en.wikipedia, U. C. on. (2006). Summary. Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Recycle001.svg
Estormiz. (2009). English: Gulls and other birds in the Rusko landfill site in Oulu, Finland. Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Rusko_Landfill_20090530.JPG
E-waste recycled. (n.d.). Retrieved December 15, 2015, from https://www.flickr.com/photos/manbeastextraordinaire/2371462241/
foldablebags.com go green bag. (n.d.). Retrieved December 18, 2015, from https://www.flickr.com/photos/foldablebags_com/4527744948/
Frutiger, L. S. (2012). English: eBay’s logo since October 2012. Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:EBay_logo.svg
Ltd, A. M. 2004 Clarke Energy. (2004). Mixed municipal waste at Hiriya transfer station, Israel. Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mixed_municipal_waste.JPG
Marlenenapoli. (2011). Deutsch: Ghanesen arbeiten in Agbogbloshie, einer Vorstadt von Accra, Ghana. Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Agbogbloshie.JPG
Nagel, N. (2011). Deutsch: Müllverbrennungsanlage. Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Industry_park_H%C3%B6chst waste-to-energy_plant Industriepark_H%C3%B6chst M%C3%BCllverbrennungsanlage 03.jpg
Navy, E. P. O. 2nd C. J. R. E. U. S. (2012). English: U.S. Navy Seaman Erickson Schafer bands barrels of hazardous waste. Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Defense.gov_News_Photo_120315-N-DR144-286 U.S._Navy_Seaman_Erickson_Schafer_bands_barrels_of_hazardous_waste_for_offload_to_a_Military_Sealift_Command_ship_aboard_the_aircraft_carrier_USS.jpg
p, C. (1999). Polski: Wysypisko odpadów w Łubnej. Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Wysypisko.jpg
Photographer, M. John, 1940-. (1973). ABOUT 3,000 DRUMS CONTAINING HAZARDOUS INDUSTRIAL WASTES. Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:ABOUT_3,000_DRUMS_CONTAINING_HAZARDOUS_INDUSTRIAL_WASTES_HAVE_BEEN_STORED_FOR_SIX_MONTHS_IN_THIS_SWAMPY_FIELD_NEAR... NARA 552883.jpg
skew-t. ([object HTMLTableCellElement]). English: Map of Superfund sites in the United States. Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Superfund_sites.svg Solid Waste](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/tl-68EVZX_k/mqdefault.jpg)


![Loss of Biodiversity
035 - Loss of Biodiversity
In this video Paul Andersen explains how biodiversity measures the variety of genes, species, and ecosystems on the planet. Biodiversity provides resources and ecosystem services for humans on the planet. He also explains how biodiversity is decreasing on the planet due to habitat destruction, invasive species, climate change, over harvesting, and pollution. Relevant treaties and laws designed to preserved biodiversity is also included.
Do you speak another language? Help me translate my videos:
http://www.bozemanscience.com/translations/
Music Attribution
Intro
Title: I4dsong_loop_main.wav
Artist: CosmicD
Link to sound: http://www.freesound.org/people/CosmicD/sounds/72556/
Creative Commons Atribution License
Outro
Title: String Theory
Artist: Herman Jolly
http://sunsetvalley.bandcamp.com/track/string-theory
All of the images are licensed under creative commons and public domain licensing:
Arsenikk, L. svg: S. work: (2010). English: SVG map of Europe with Svalbard highlighted. Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Europe-Svalbard.svg
BazzaDaRambler. (2009). Skeleton cast and model of dodo at the Oxford University Museum of Natural History, based on modern research.[1]. Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Oxford_Dodo_display.jpg
Center, I. B. R. R. (2010). Heavily oiled Brown Pelicans captured at Grand Isle, Louisiana. Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gulf-Oiled-Pelicans-June-3-2010.jpg
Dwyer, J. (2005). Jungle burned for agriculture. Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lacanja_burn.JPG
Ehardt, S. ([object HTMLTableCellElement]). Kudzu on trees in Atlanta, Georgia, USA. Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kudzu_on_trees_in_Atlanta,_Georgia.jpg
Endresen, N. T. F. (2008a). English: Entrance to the Svalbard Global Seed Vault, seen the day after its opening. Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Entrance_to_Svalbard_Global_Seed_Vault_in_2008.jpg
Endresen, N. T. F. (2008b). English: The Svalbard Global Seed Vault. Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Storage_containers_in_Svalbard_Global_Seed_Vault_01.jpg
File:DNA orbit animated static thumb.png. (n.d.-a). In Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:DNA_orbit_animated_static_thumb.png
File:Extinction intensity.svg. (n.d.-b). In Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Extinction_intensity.svg
File:Forest fruits from Barro Colorado.png. (n.d.-c). In Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Forest_fruits_from_Barro_Colorado.png
File:Hopetoun falls.jpg. (2013a, July 10). In Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Hopetoun_falls.jpg&oldid=557669294
File:The Earth seen from Apollo 17.jpg. (2013b, July 10). In Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg&oldid=553649767
Government, U. S. (1782). English: Obverse of the Great Seal of the United States. Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Great_Seal_of_the_United_States_(obverse).svg
IUCN. (2009). English: This is a logo for International Union for Conservation of Nature and IUCN Protected Area Management Categories. Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:IUCN_logo.svg
Jankuloski, V. by B. (2010). Percentage of species listed on the IUCN Red List, by group. Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:IUCN_Red_List_2007.svg
Krishnappa, Y. S. (2010). English: Bald Eagle with fish from Kodiak, Alaska. Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:2010-bald-eagle-kodiak.jpg
NASA. (2001). English: NASA photo of deforestation in Tierras Bajas project, Bolivia, from ISS on April 16, 2001. Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bolivia-Deforestation-EO.JPG
Police manBy Gerald_G. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://openclipart.org/detail/8935/police-man
Rojas, C. O. (1997). English: About 400 tons (360 t) of Chilean jack mackerel (Trachurus murphyi) are caught by a Chilean purse seiner off of Peru. Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Chilean_purse_seine.jpg
Unknown. (2010). English: Platform supply vessels battle the blazing remnants of the off shore oil rig Deepwater Horizon. Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Deepwater_Horizon_offshore_drilling_unit_on_fire_2010.jpg
USGS. ([object HTMLTableCellElement]). Projected changes (based on 10 IPCC AR-4 GCM models run with the SRES- A1B forcing scenario). Loss of Biodiversity](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/vCkDxD0DV0Q/mqdefault.jpg)


![Ray Diagrams - Mirrors
121 - Ray Diagram - Mirrors
In this video Paul Andersen explains how ray diagrams can be used to determine the size and location of a reflected image. Ray diagrams for plane, concave, and convex mirrors are included.
Sim Bucket Simulation - http://www.simbucket.com/simulation/lens-and-mirror-lab/
Do you speak another language? Help me translate my videos:
http://www.bozemanscience.com/translations/
Music Attribution
Title: String Theory
Artist: Herman Jolly
http://sunsetvalley.bandcamp.com/track/string-theory
All of the images are licensed under creative commons and public domain licensing:
AIGA. English: Men’s Toilet Sign, February 26, 2007. http://www.aiga.org/Resources/SymbolSigns/gif_large/12_toiletsq_men.gif. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Aiga_toiletsq_men.svg.
Chatfield, Les. The Bulls Eye Mirror Gives a Fine View of the Upper Deck for the Conductor., September 24, 2006. originally posted to Flickr as At the top of the stairs. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Routemaster_stair_mirror.jpg.
Chiesa, Mirror_image_reversal gif: RjHallderivative work: Luigi. Ihis Illustration Demonstrates the Reversed Image Illusion Produced by Light Reflecting from a Mirror., October 8, 2010. Mirror_image_reversal.gif. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mirror_image_reversal.svg.
NASA. English: In What’s Beginning to Look like a Case of Planetary Measles, a Third Red Spot Has Appeared alongside Its Cousins — the Great Red Spot and Red Spot Jr. — in the Turbulent Jovian Atmosphere., December 12, 2013. http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2008/23/image/a/. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Jupiter_third_red_spot.jpg.
Rayukk. English: iPhone 6 Mockup, [object HTMLTableCellElement]. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:IPhone6_black_frontface.png. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:IPhone6_black_frontface.png. Ray Diagrams - Mirrors](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/xrMvnjOgsig/mqdefault.jpg)

