Uploaded March 2025 | Updated September 2026, 1 hour ago
What SECRET MESSSAGES are hidden in one of Hans Holbein’s most famous works of art, The Ambassadors? Painted in 1533 during the reign of Henry VIII and depicting Jean de Dinteville and Georges de Selve, The Ambassadors has everything from a creepy anamorphic skull in the foreground, which can only be viewed properly from a certain angle, to scientific and musical instruments and discreet lines of text. So what are the hidden meanings in this painting and how should we decipher The Ambassadors? What is the geographical Holbein globe showing and how does it help to identify one of the sitters? What does the celestial globe placed elsewhere in the painting mean, what is the musical composition, why is the lute string broken, what should we make of the time keeping devices and the open arithmetic book and where is the little hidden image of Christ on the cross? Why is the skull placed in such a difficult to view place and is the painting meant to signify the religious disputes occurring across Europe at this time as the Reformation raged?
The painting now hangs in the National Gallery in London, opposite another of Holbein’s works, his portrait of Christina of Denmark, Duchess of Milan and Lorraine. It was controversially restored in 1996 with some claiming that the skull was damaged in the process but remains a highly popular image. It had a whole life before arriving at the Gallery though and as part of this art history documentary from History Calling, I’ll be tracing its provenance for you, as well as discussing its many layers of meaning. I hope you enjoy this video on one of the world’s most famous paintings.
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YOU MAY ALSO LIKE:
ART HISTORY PLAYLIST
youtube.com/playlist?list=PLLSjVq5Qtb0Eh4LJzcqLO_ayueqJt8ao-
THE LIFE OF HANS HOLBEIN THE YOUNGER
youtu.be/HKwM-2GahTg
CHRISTINA OF DENMARK: THE GIRL WHO ESCAPED HENRY VIII
youtu.be/JLgNiktAcmE
ANNE OF CLEVES: THE STORY BEHIND THE PAINTING
youtu.be/AIerL1Bug-U
KEEP LEARNING:
[FREE] The National Gallery’s video on the painting, hosted by Susan Foister.
youtu.be/paA8hqqQ-_w
[FREE] Mary Hervey, Holbein's "Ambassadors": the picture and the men: an historical study (1900)
archive.org/details/gri_33125001712401/mode/1up
[FREE] Zoom in on The Ambassadors
nationalgallery.org.uk/paintings/hans-holbein-the-younger-the-ambassadors
Kate Bomford, ‘Friendship and immortality: Holbein's "Ambassadors" revisited’ in Renaissance Studies, Vol. 18, No. 4 (2004), pp. 544-81.
Elly Dekker and Kristin Lippincott, ‘The Scientific Instruments in Holbein's Ambassadors: A Re-Examination ‘ in Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes, Vol. 62 (1999), pp. 93-125.
Florian Heine, Holbein: Masters of Art (Prestel Verlag, Munich, New York, London, 2022).
amzn.to/3Vxdd5Q
Hagi Kenaan, ‘The 'Unusual Character' of Holbein's "Ambassadors"’ in Artibus et Historiae, vol. 23, no. 46 (2002), pp 61–75.
Mary Rasmussan, ‘The Case of the Flutes in Holbein's "The Ambassadors"’ in Early Music, Vol. 23, No. 1, Flute Issue (1995), pp. 114-123.
Roy Strong, Tudor and Jacobean Portraits (1969)
amzn.to/4dj6Pql
[FREE] Martin Wyld, ‘The Restoration History of Holbein's "Ambassadors"’ in National Gallery Technical Bulletin, Vol. 19 (1998), pp. 4–25. Available at nationalgallery.org.uk/research/research-resources/technical-bulletin/the-restoration-history-of-holbein-s-the-ambassadors#:~:text=Holbein's%20technique%20and%20his%20choice,sustained%20in%20changing%20environmental%20conditions.
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Creative Commons licenses used see creativecommons.org/licenses
#HansHolbein #HansHolbeinTheYounger #TheAmbassadors
What SECRET MESSSAGES are hidden in one of Hans Holbein’s most famous works of art, The Ambassadors? Painted in 1533 during the reign of Henry VIII and depicting Jean de Dinteville and Georges de Selve, The Ambassadors has everything from a creepy anamorphic skull in the foreground, which can only be viewed properly from a certain angle, to scientific and musical instruments and discreet lines of text. So what are the hidden meanings in this painting and how should we decipher The Ambassadors? What is the geographical Holbein globe showing and how does it help to identify one of the sitters? What does the celestial globe placed elsewhere in the painting mean, what is the musical composition, why is the lute string broken, what should we make of the time keeping devices and the open arithmetic book and where is the little hidden image of Christ on the cross? Why is the skull placed in such a difficult to view place and is the painting meant to signify the religious disputes occurring across Europe at this time as the Reformation raged?
The painting now hangs in the National Gallery in London, opposite another of Holbein’s works, his portrait of Christina of Denmark, Duchess of Milan and Lorraine. It was controversially restored in 1996 with some claiming that the skull was damaged in the process but remains a highly popular image. It had a whole life before arriving at the Gallery though and as part of this art history documentary from History Calling, I’ll be tracing its provenance for you, as well as discussing its many layers of meaning. I hope you enjoy this video on one of the world’s most famous paintings.
BUY MY BOOK (Find Your Irish Ancestors Online): amzn.to/3Z2ChnG
Website (with 2 FREE DOWNLOADS): historycallingofficial.com
Patreon: patreon.com/historycalling
Amazon storefront: amazon.com/shop/historycalling
Instagram: instagram.com/historycalling
YOU MAY ALSO LIKE:
ART HISTORY PLAYLIST
youtube.com/playlist?list=PLLSjVq5Qtb0Eh4LJzcqLO_ayueqJt8ao-
THE LIFE OF HANS HOLBEIN THE YOUNGER
youtu.be/HKwM-2GahTg
CHRISTINA OF DENMARK: THE GIRL WHO ESCAPED HENRY VIII
youtu.be/JLgNiktAcmE
ANNE OF CLEVES: THE STORY BEHIND THE PAINTING
youtu.be/AIerL1Bug-U
KEEP LEARNING:
[FREE] The National Gallery’s video on the painting, hosted by Susan Foister.
youtu.be/paA8hqqQ-_w
[FREE] Mary Hervey, Holbein's "Ambassadors": the picture and the men: an historical study (1900)
archive.org/details/gri_33125001712401/mode/1up
[FREE] Zoom in on The Ambassadors
nationalgallery.org.uk/paintings/hans-holbein-the-younger-the-ambassadors
Kate Bomford, ‘Friendship and immortality: Holbein's "Ambassadors" revisited’ in Renaissance Studies, Vol. 18, No. 4 (2004), pp. 544-81.
Elly Dekker and Kristin Lippincott, ‘The Scientific Instruments in Holbein's Ambassadors: A Re-Examination ‘ in Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes, Vol. 62 (1999), pp. 93-125.
Florian Heine, Holbein: Masters of Art (Prestel Verlag, Munich, New York, London, 2022).
amzn.to/3Vxdd5Q
Hagi Kenaan, ‘The 'Unusual Character' of Holbein's "Ambassadors"’ in Artibus et Historiae, vol. 23, no. 46 (2002), pp 61–75.
Mary Rasmussan, ‘The Case of the Flutes in Holbein's "The Ambassadors"’ in Early Music, Vol. 23, No. 1, Flute Issue (1995), pp. 114-123.
Roy Strong, Tudor and Jacobean Portraits (1969)
amzn.to/4dj6Pql
[FREE] Martin Wyld, ‘The Restoration History of Holbein's "Ambassadors"’ in National Gallery Technical Bulletin, Vol. 19 (1998), pp. 4–25. Available at nationalgallery.org.uk/research/research-resources/technical-bulletin/the-restoration-history-of-holbein-s-the-ambassadors#:~:text=Holbein's%20technique%20and%20his%20choice,sustained%20in%20changing%20environmental%20conditions.
Want to watch/hear/read more about history (and a whole host of other topics)? Then you might benefit from a free Audible or Prime video trial. They are available from the following links:
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NB: Links above may be affiliate links. This means if you make a purchase through one of these links, I earn a small commission. It in no way affects the price you pay.
Creative Commons licenses used see creativecommons.org/licenses
#HansHolbein #HansHolbeinTheYounger #TheAmbassadors




![How the BLACK DEATH affects YOU! How the Black Death has affected our DNA | yersinia pestis
WHY did some people survive the BLACK DEATH when others did not and how is arguably the most famous plague in history still affecting us today? In this video from History Calling, we’re going to look at this medieval disaster, which swept through Europe and parts of Asia in the 14th century and hear how new research shows how one of the long-term effects of the Black Death has affected our DNA so that it is still protecting and harming us, even now.
I’ll start with a history of the Black Death, which was caused by the yersinia pestis bacterium and spread to humans by a mixture of rats and fleas. We’ll then look at how the Black Death was spread, the symptoms of the Black Death, famous victims of the Black Death and how many people died from the Black Death, for its mortality rate was so high that it is considered by many to be the most deadly plague in history. We’ll also learn why was it called the Black Death and spoiler alert, it has nothing to do with the symptoms of the disease. After this overview we’ll look at research released in 2022 and based on a scientific study of hundreds of skeletons of victims of the Black Death from England and Denmark which shows that those with a particular trait in their DNA were 40% more likely to survive it (and pass on their stronger genes to later generations). This would make the pestilence one of the most important natural selection events in human history, but that this genetic quirk also makes modern possessors of it more likely to succumb to certain auto-immune diseases.
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EYAM: WHEN THE PLAGUE CAME TO TOWN IN 1665
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THE DANCING PLAGUE
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THE MYSTERIOUS DISAPPEARANCE OF BENJAMIN BATHURST
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THE MYSTERY OF SKELETON LAKE
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LEARN MORE:
The source of the Black Death in fourteenth-century central Eurasia
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-022-04800-3
Ole J. Benedictow, The Black Death 1346-1353: The Complete History (2006), available at https://amzn.to/3oTLrTJ
[FREE] Ole J. Benedictow, The Black Death: The Greatest Catastrophe Ever
https://www.historytoday.com/archive/black-death-greatest-catastrophe-ever
[FREE] Evolution of immune genes is associated with the Black Death
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-022-05349-x
NB: Links above may be affiliate links. This means if you make a purchase through one of these links, I earn a small commission. It in no way affects the price you pay.
THUMBNAIL: Image from Wikimedia Commons, public domain
Open Street Map copyright information
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Creative Commons licenses used see https://creativecommons.org/licenses/ How the BLACK DEATH affects YOU! How the Black Death has affected our DNA | yersinia pestis](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/IGd78Gg05q0/mqdefault.jpg)
![WAS JACK THE RIPPER A ROYAL PRINCE? Was Prince Albert Victor Jack the Ripper? Whitechapel Murders
Was PRINCE ALBERT VICTOR Jack the Ripper? There have been many theories put forward over the years regarding the identity of Jack the Ripper, but perhaps none so outlandish as the story that it was none other than the heir to the throne, Prince Albert Victor, eldest son of the future Edward VII and grandson of Queen Victoria. Was Jack the Ripper a royal prince though and where did this story originate? In today’s video from History Calling I share with you the details of how this rumour started and what the real evidence about Albert Victor’s movements during the period in question tell us. I’ll start with a summary of the crimes themselves, explain who the Prince was, then track his known locations during the crime spree to find out if he was in or around London when the five canonical victims of Jack the Ripper (Mary Ann Nichols, Annie Chapman, Elizabeth Stride, Catherine Eddowes and Mary Kelly) died.
The reason the Prince is connected with this case at all is largely thanks to an article in The Criminologist magazine in 1970 written by a medical doctor called Dr Thomas E.A. Stowell and I’ll consider what he said in that article and elsewhere about who the infamous Victorian serial killer (whose famous unsolved crimes are also known as the Whitechapel murders) really was and if he truly accused Albert Victor, who was known as Eddy to family and friends. I’ll also look at other stories which focus on Albert Victor, including tales of a secret marriage to a Catholic shopgirl, a baby daughter and a killer doctor with Freemason links called Sir William Gull. I hope you enjoy this brief history of Jack the Ripper and exploration of the one of the wilder solutions offered to the mystery of his real name, plus the explanation of why it’s all pseudo-history and why there was no royal ripper.
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Was Anne Boleyn executed whilst pregnant?
https://youtu.be/4ByDYXiijaE
Is this portrait Anne of Cleves or Katherine Howard?
https://youtu.be/G8vm7FtdtXE
Was Henry VIII brain damaged?
https://youtu.be/4Rd0s1roPoU
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LEARN MORE:
[book] Colin Wilson and Robin Odell, Jack the Ripper: Summing Up and Verdict (1988). Available at https://amzn.to/3JYTXrL
[movie] From Hell (2001). Starring Johnny Depp. Available at https://amzn.to/4baoajH
Want to watch/hear/read more about history (and a whole host of other topics)? Then you might benefit from a free Audible or Prime video trial. They are available from the following links:
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#JacktheRipper #PrinceAlbertVictor #WhitechapelMurders WAS JACK THE RIPPER A ROYAL PRINCE? Was Prince Albert Victor Jack the Ripper? Whitechapel Murders](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/IaoG3SnShQ0/mqdefault.jpg)

![CATHERINE PARR or LADY JANE GREY? Art history documentary | Six wives documentary. Tudor portraits
Which TUDOR QUEEN does this portrait show? Is it Catherine Parr or Lady Jane Grey. Henry VIII’s sixth wife, or his great-niece? This painting now hangs in the National Portrait Gallery in London and is currently identified as Catherine, but for many years it was thought to be Lady Jane Dudley (to use her married name), the tragic nine-day Queen of England who was executed at the Tower of London at the age of 16 on the orders of Mary I. In this Tudor art history documentary from History Calling, we look at the story behind the painting. I’ll take you through the reasons for these two identifications and tell you what we know about its creation and the Tudor court painter behind it, Master John. We’ll then discuss the sitter’s clothing, the jewellery she is wearing and even the Persian carpet she is standing on. Particular attention will be paid to the crown-shaped broach she sports and its appearance in other portraits of Catherine Parr and one thought to be Jane Grey and also in jewellery inventories. Her pendant is important too and appears in another National Portrait Gallery image of Catherine, while her girdle may be traced to an inventory of Queen Katherine Howard’s belongings showing that the six wives of Henry VIII inherited each other’s possessions. I’ll walk you through the provenance of the picture and the stories attached to it by its previous owners regarding this lady’s identity and tell you how overpainting has changed it, so that we no longer see all the colours the artist originally intended.
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ROYAL WOMEN PLAYLIST
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CATHERINE PARR: BEFORE SHE WAS QUEEN
https://youtu.be/y4fEIOohi48
CATHERINE PARR: THE QUEEN WHO SURVIVED HENRY VIII
https://youtu.be/yU0b0WgmGR8
CATHERINE PARR’S BURIAL & SHOCKING CORPSE MULTILATION
https://youtu.be/p6lPB4uzmwI
WHAT DID LADY JANE GREY LOOK LIKE?
https://youtu.be/66YkitHniAc
THE EXECUTION OF LADY JANE GREY
https://youtu.be/JirVfl8gsj8
TUDOR CONSORT NECKLACE
https://youtu.be/Yrs5FvcDlvs
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BUY OR RENT
Becoming Elizabeth (Starz, 2020). Available at https://amzn.to/3PkKz5m
[Includes the characters of Catherine Parr and Lady Jane Grey]
READ
Susan E. James, ‘Lady Jane Grey or Queen Kateryn Parr?’ in The Burlington Magazine, vol. 138, no. 114 (1996), pp 20-24. Can be accessed/purchased via JSTOR.
Eric Ives, Lady Jane Grey: a Tudor mystery (Wiley-Blackwell, 2011). Available at https://amzn.to/3EiF012
Antonia Fraser, The Six Wives Of Henry VIII (2nd edn, Phoenix, 2009) https://amzn.to/3atiEfi (UK link) OR https://amzn.to/36IqD5r (US link)
David Starkey, Six Wives: the Queens of Henry VIII (Vintage, 2004) https://amzn.to/3k9uD4Z (UK link) OR https://amzn.to/3wImKIh (US link)
NB: Links above may be affiliate links. This means if you make a purchase through one of these links, I earn a small commission. It does not affect the price you pay.
Creative Commons licenses used see https://creativecommons.org/licenses/ CATHERINE PARR or LADY JANE GREY? Art history documentary | Six wives documentary. Tudor portraits](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/JER9tUmNooQ/mqdefault.jpg)

![The execution of LADY JANE GREY | the nine day Queen | Art vs history | Paul Delaroche painting
The TRAGIC DEATH of Lady Jane Grey on a scaffold at the Tower of London in February 1554 was one of the greatest stains on the reputation of Mary I. Jane, who is known to history as the nine-day Queen and whose name at the time of her death was actually Lady Jane Dudley (in recognition of her marriage), was killed on the orders of Mary Tudor because her father, Henry Grey, Duke of Suffolk, kept plotting to put his daughter on the throne. Jane herself, having been only 15 or perhaps just 16 when she was made to take the crown after the death of Edward VI in 1553, can hardly be blamed. Also killed on the same day as her was her teenage husband, Lord Guildford Dudley, brother of Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester, who was later Elizabeth I’s great favourite. Jane’s father was killed two days later.
In this video from History Calling I look at the execution of Lady Jane Grey by comparing the historical record to one of the most famous depictions of her last moments, the 1833 painting by French artist Paul Delaroche, which now hangs in the National Gallery in London. I will discuss the hours leading up to her death, including her distressing sight of her husband’s mangled corpse after his own execution on Tower Hill; her final letters to her family; Lady Jane Grey’s final words; what she wore to the scaffold; her demeanour; the famous moment seen in the painting when she struggled to find the block once her blindfold was one; who was with her at the moment of her death and the shocking way in which her body was treated after her execution and before her burial in the Chapel of St Peter Ad Vincula. We’ll consider how accurate the portrait it and hear about the reaction to it when it was first exhibited. I’ll also explain why Jane hailed as one of the Tudor era’s many Protestant martyrs and ask, can paintings of famous historical events really do them justice?
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EXECUTION OF ANNE BOLEYN: HOLLYWOOD VS HISTORY
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BUY OR RENT
Becoming Elizabeth (Starz, 2020). Available at https://amzn.to/3PkKz5m
[Includes the character of Lady Jane Grey played by Bella Ramsey in several episodes]
READ
Eric Ives, Lady Jane Grey: a Tudor mystery (Wiley-Blackwell, 2011). Available at https://amzn.to/3EiF012
Stephen Bann, Paul Delaroche: history painted (1997). Available at https://amzn.to/3YX3HJU or read for free on archive.org
NB: Links above may be affiliate links. This means if you make a purchase through one of these links, I earn a small commission. It in no way affects the price you pay.
Creative Commons licenses used see https://creativecommons.org/licenses/ The execution of LADY JANE GREY | the nine day Queen | Art vs history | Paul Delaroche painting](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/JirVfl8gsj8/mqdefault.jpg)
![Has facial recognition identified Anne Boleyn in a Hans Holbein drawing? Anne Boleyn’s appearance
Has facial recognition identified Anne Boleyn in a Hans Holbein drawing by comparing it to pictures of her family members, including her daughter Elizabeth I and have the researchers also identified pictures of Anne Boleyn’s mother, Lady Elizabeth Howard and Anne Boleyn’s sister, Mary Boleyn? In this Tudor history documentary from History Calling I look at the new journal article by Karen L. Davies, Hassan Ugail and David G. Stork to ask if their research holds water and if we have finally solved the mystery of what Anne Boleyn really looked like. Above all, is this a Hans Holbein drawing of Anne Boleyn?
The article claims that by comparing an image of an unknown woman with brown hair and eyes and a striking flat topped hat, drawn in the 1530s or early 1540s by Hans Holbein the Younger, to known images of some of Anne’s relatives, facial recognition software gives a high probability that this is the second wife of Henry VIII. What about the holes in the research though? How reliable is facial recognition software when used on drawings and paintings instead of photographs? How can we be confident this is Anne when we have no confirmed, contemporary images of her to compare it too and the team discounted a 1534 medal of her due to its damage? Why did they compare this image to NPG 668 of Anne Boleyn, but not the Hever Rose portrait of Anne Boleyn? Why did they opt to compare this drawing to only one image of Anne’s daughter and why didn’t they include the only image we have of her father, Thomas Boleyn, Earl of Wiltshire and Ormond, in their analysis? Are there other Tudor women who could be depicted in this drawing and what did they say about an image long labelled as Lady Vaux?
If you love Tudor art history, the history of Anne Boleyn or historical mysteries, then this is the video for you. Make sure to subscribe and switch on the bell icon for more.
#AnneBoleyn #AnneBoleynPortrait #HansHolbein
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IS THIS ANNE BOLEYN OR ELIZABETH I? NEW THEORY ABOUT FAMOUS ANNE BOLEYN PORTRAIT IN NGP
https://youtu.be/g2AFfzwSbzc
HAS A LOST PORTRAIT OF ANNE BOLEYN BEEN FOUND?
https://youtu.be/EsUGXO9wieA
DOES THIS HOLBEIN DRAWING SHOW ANNE BOLEYN?
https://youtu.be/4ZX3tMcLo7c
DISCOVER THE SECRETS OF ANNE BOLEYN’S ONLY AUTHENTIC IMAGE | WHAT IS THE MOOST HAPPI MEDAL OF 1534?
https://youtu.be/8x4W2gYrmHg
DOES THE CHEQUERS’ RING SHOW A PORTRAIT OF ANNE BOLEYN AND ELIZABETH I
https://youtu.be/hvgl1Wbjw1I
THE LIFE OF HANS HOLBEIN
https://youtu.be/HKwM-2GahTg
THE STORY BEHIND FAMOUS PORTRAIT OF ELIZABETH I
https://youtu.be/iGSgH3zgTdE
HIDDEN MEANINGS IN THE FAMILY OF HENRY VIII
https://youtu.be/Eiq5QomXJ5E
LEARN MORE:
[FREE] Karen L. Davies, Hassan Ugail and David G. Stork, ‘Reassessing Anne Boleyn and other Boleyn women in Holbein drawings using facial recognition’ in npj Heritage Science, xiv, article 175 (2026).
https://www.nature.com/articles/s40494-026-02456-0
Owen Emmerson and Kate McCaffrey, Capturing a Queen: the image of Anne Boleyn (2026)
https://shop.hevercastle.co.uk/products/capturing-a-queen
Eric Ives, The Life and Death of Anne Boleyn (Wiley-Blackwell, 2005)
https://amzn.to/3xLivgr
Susan Bordo, The Creation of Anne Boleyn: In Search of the Tudors Most Notorious Queen (One World Publications, 2014)
https://amzn.to/3zznLY1
Sarah Morris and Natalie Grueninger, In the Footsteps of Anne Boleyn (2013)
https://amzn.to/2W9oJct
Antonia Fraser, The Six Wives Of Henry VIII (2nd edn, Phoenix, 2009)
https://amzn.to/36IqD5r
David Starkey, Six Wives: the Queens of Henry VIII (Vintage, 2004)
https://amzn.to/3wImKIh
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Creative Commons licenses used see https://creativecommons.org/licenses/ Has facial recognition identified Anne Boleyn in a Hans Holbein drawing? Anne Boleyn’s appearance](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/KB3SRLw_t3w/mqdefault.jpg)