Uploaded December 2024 | Updated September 2026, 2 weeks ago
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Thank you to AP Archive for access to their archival footage.
Thank you to my patreon supporters: Abdullah Alotaibi, Adam Flohr, Henning Basma, Hank Green, William Leu, Tristan Edwards, Ian Dundore, John & Becki Johnston. Nevin Spoljaric, Jason Clark, Thomas Barth, Johnny MacDonald, Stephen Foland, Alfred Holzheu, Abdulrahman Abdulaziz Binghaith, Brent Higgins, Dexter Appleberry, Alex Pavek, Marko Hirsch, Mikkel Johansen, Hibiyi Mori. Viktor Józsa, Ron Hochsprung
![How NASA Reinvented the Rocket Engine
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References:
[1] “Increasing engine efficiency,” Aerospace America, Apr. 30, 2018. . https://aerospaceamerica.aiaa.org/departments/increasing-engine-efficiency/
[2] “Falcon 9 - SpaceFlight Insider.” . https://www.spaceflightinsider.com/hangar/falcon-9/
[3] “Current State of NASA Continuously Rotating Detonation Cycle Engine Development,” in AIAA SCITECH 2023 Forum, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://arc.aiaa.org/doi/abs/10.2514/6.2023-1873
[4] “Computational Study of Deflagration to Detonation Transition in Pulse Detonation Engine Using Shchelkin Spiral,” Appl. Mech. Mater. https://www.scientific.net/AMM.772.136
[5] “A Theoretical Review of Rotating Detonation Engines | IntechOpen.” . https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/70511
[6] “Rotating detonation combustors and their similarities to rocket instabilities,” Prog. Energy Combust. Sci. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0360128518301783
[7] “Gaillard et al. - 2017 - Numerical simulation of a Rotating Detonation with.pdf.” . https://hal.science/hal-01558902/document
[8] “Teasley et al. - 2021 - A Review Towards the Design Optimization of High P.pdf.” . https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20210018267/downloads/Review%20of%20RDRE%20Injector%20Design_AIAA_Teasley_Final.pdf
[9] “Pressure Distribution and Performance Impacts of Aerospike Nozzles on Rotating Detonation Engines,” in 2018 AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting, Kissimmee, Florida, Jan. 2018, doi: 10.2514/6.2018-1626. https://arc.aiaa.org/doi/10.2514/6.2018-1626
[10] “Effect of Aerospike Plug Nozzle Design on Rotating Detonation Engine Performance for Rocket Applications | AIAA SciTech Forum.” . https://arc.aiaa.org/doi/abs/10.2514/6.2019-0197
[11] “観測ロケットS-520-31号機による深宇宙探査用デトネーションエンジン宇宙実証実験に成功,” 宇宙科学研究所. . https://www.isas.jaxa.jp/topics/002693.html
[12] “NASA RDRE For Release to AIAA Teasley ER13.pdf.” . https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20220012375/downloads/NASA%20RDRE%20For%20Release%20to%20AIAA%20Teasley%20ER13.pdf
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Thank you to my patreon supporters: Abdullah Alotaibi, Adam Flohr, Henning Basma, Hank Green, William Leu, Tristan Edwards, Ian Dundore, John & Becki Johnston. Nevin Spoljaric, Jason Clark, Thomas Barth, Johnny MacDonald, Stephen Foland, Alfred Holzheu, Abdulrahman Abdulaziz Binghaith, Brent Higgins, Dexter Appleberry, Alex Pavek, Marko Hirsch, Mikkel Johansen, Hibiyi Mori. Viktor Józsa, Ron Hochsprung How NASA Reinvented the Rocket Engine](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/RVxgyz_avQM/mqdefault.jpg)
![How Japans Maglev Train Works
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Footage Courtesy of Tom Scott
References:
[1]https://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1631263/FULLTEXT01.pdf
[2]https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Ki-Chan-Kim/publication/3111983_Review_of_Maglev_train_technologies/links/570391ea08aedbac12706f29/Review-of-Maglev-train-technologies.pdf
[3]https://sites.pitt.edu/~budny/papers/8151.pdf
[4]https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/0-387-27533-9_84#:~:text=The%20superconducting%20coils%20of%20the,system%20of%20the%20maglev%20vehicles.
[5]https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0196890414004300
[6]https://www.czechtrafo.cz/en/cores/trends-in-development-of-magnetic-circuit/
[7]https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/908938
[8]https://scmaglev.jr-central-global.com/about/emergency/
[9]https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/119914
[10]https://www.energy.gov/articles/how-maglev-works#:~:text=The%20magnets%20employed%20are%20superconducting,suspend%20and%20propel%20a%20train.
[11]https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/rpa-org/pdfs/Where-HSR-Works-Best.pdf
[12]https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/1293705
[13]https://www.jrailpass.com/blog/maglev-bullet-train
[14]https://www.researchgate.net/publication/328733747_Energy_Consumption_of_Track-Based_High-Speed_Transportation_Systems_Maglev_Technologies_in_Comparison_with_Steel-Wheel-Rail
[19]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C5%AB%C5%8D_Shinkansen#Development_overview
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Thank you to my patreon supporters: Abdullah Alotaibi, Adam Flohr, Henning Basma, Hank Green, William Leu, Tristan Edwards, Ian Dundore, John & Becki Johnston. Nevin Spoljaric, Jason Clark, Thomas Barth, Johnny MacDonald, Stephen Foland, Alfred Holzheu, Abdulrahman Abdulaziz Binghaith, Brent Higgins, Dexter Appleberry, Alex Pavek, Marko Hirsch, Mikkel Johansen, Hibiyi Mori. Viktor Józsa, Ron Hochsprung How Japans Maglev Train Works](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/S4L_0CDsd1I/mqdefault.jpg)
![How Carbon Nanotubes Will Change the World
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Writer: Sophia Roberts
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References
[1] https://www.balzan.org/en/prizewinners/sumio-iijima/the-discovery-of-carbon-nanotubes-iijima
[2] https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S000862230500607X
[3] https://projects.iq.harvard.edu/files/lifesciences1abookv1/files/chapter_01 atomic_structure_and_chemical_bonding_01.pdf
[4] https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Physical_and_Theoretical_Chemis try_Textbook_Maps/Supplemental_Modules_(Physical_and_Theoretical_Chemistry)/Electronic_Structure_of_Atoms_and_Molecules/Atomic_Orbitals
[5] https://www.chemistrysteps.com/sp3-sp2-and-sp-hybridization-organic-chemistry/
[6] https://www.nature.com/articles/srep28341
[7] https://labs.chem.ucsb.edu/zakarian/armen/01_03_lecture_01_22_2018ppt.pdf
[8] https://www.graphenea.com/pages/graphene-properties#.YHn8b-9Kj8Y
https://www.nature.com/articles/srep20324
[9] https://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:722664/FULLTEXT01.pdf
[10] http://przyrbwn.icm.edu.pl/APP/PDF/112/a112z308.pdf
[11] https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-019-10959-7
[12] https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1226086X13004024
[13] https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2020/11/201104102219.htm#:~:text=Carbon%20nanotube%20(CNT)%20forests%20are,a%20staple%20in%20many%20industries.&text=While%20scientists%20have%20been%20able,ceiling%20at%20around%202%20cm.
[14] https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/nn401995z
[15] https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0008622320310368?via%3Dihub
[16] https://www.nanowerk.com/nanotechnology-news2/newsid=56546.php
[17] https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1359835X14000839#:~:text=Carbon%20nanotubes%20(CNTs)%20possess%20excellent,use%20with%20reinforcing%20polymer%20resin.
[18] https://www.technologyreview.com/2011/09/19/117663/nanotube-cables-hit-a-milestone-as-good-as-copper/
[19] https://mainblades.com/article/this-is-what-you-should-know-about-boeing-787-lightning-protection/
[20] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21867808/
Thank you to AP Archive for access to their archival footage.
Music by Epidemic Sound: http://epidemicsound.com/creator
Thank you to my patreon supporters: Adam Flohr, Henning Basma, Hank Green, William Leu, Tristan Edwards, Ian Dundore, John & Becki Johnston. Nevin Spoljaric, Jason Clark, Thomas Barth, Johnny MacDonald, Stephen Foland, Alfred Holzheu, Abdulrahman Abdulaziz Binghaith, Brent Higgins, Dexter Appleberry, Alex Pavek, Marko Hirsch, Mikkel Johansen, Hibiyi Mori. Viktor Józsa, Ron Hochsprung How Carbon Nanotubes Will Change the World](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/SIif11QOsRI/mqdefault.jpg)



![The Insane Engineering of the Javelin
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Credits:
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References:
[1] https://www.jstor.org/stable/25778441
[2] Field Manual Headquarters No. 3-22.37 Javelin
[3] https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2022/03/american-volunteer-foreign-fighters-ukraine-russia-war/627604/
[4] https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1464420717753233
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Thank you to AP Archive for access to their archival footage.
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Songs:
Thank you to my patreon supporters: Adam Flohr, Henning Basma, Hank Green, William Leu, Tristan Edwards, Ian Dundore, John & Becki Johnston. Nevin Spoljaric, Jason Clark, Thomas Barth, Johnny MacDonald, Stephen Foland, Alfred Holzheu, Abdulrahman Abdulaziz Binghaith, Brent Higgins, Dexter Appleberry, Alex Pavek, Marko Hirsch, Mikkel Johansen, Hibiyi Mori. Viktor Józsa, Ron Hochsprung The Insane Engineering of the Javelin](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/SUdHzKRiBX8/mqdefault.jpg)
![The Insane Engineering of the GEnX
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Links to everything I do:
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Credits:
Writer/Narrator: Brian McManus
Writer/Researcher: Sophia Mayet
Editor: Dylan Hennessy
Animator: Mike Ridolfi
Sound: Graham Haerther
Thumbnail: Simon Buckmaster
References
[1] https://www.cnn.com/travel/article/qantas-repatriation-flight-buenos-aires-darwin-intl-hnk/index.html
[2] https://www.hemmings.com/stories/article/coffman-combustion-starters
[3] https://www.scalespot.com/reviews/kits/ag330-hypersonic/review.htm
[4] https://www.airmak.com/index.php/air-start-unit/
[5] https://www.boeing.com/commercial/aeromagazine/articles/qtr_4_07/article_02_4.html
[6] https://www.boeing.com/commercial/aeromagazine/articles/qtr_4_07/article_02_3.html
[7] https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/149784
[8] https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589299119300576
[9] https://www.skybrary.aero/index.php/Aircraft_Bleed_Air_Systems
[10] https://www.boeing.com/commercial/aeromagazine/articles/qtr_4_07/article_02_4.html & https://www.boeing.com/commercial/aeromagazine/articles/qtr_4_07/article_02_2.html
[11] https://www2.chem.wisc.edu/deptfiles/genchem/netorial/modules/thermodynamics/energy/energy2.htm#:~:text=Kinetic%20energy%20is%20directly%20proportional,meters%20squared%20per%20second%20squared.
[12] https://www.safran-landing-systems.com/wheels-and-brakes
[13] https://www.aeroexpo.online/prod/safran-landing-systems/product-186655-46669.html
[14] https://www.boeing.com/commercial/aeromagazine/articles/qtr_4_07/article_02_3.html
[15] https://www.geaviation.com/commercial/engines/genx-engine
[16] https://www.geaviation.com/sites/default/files/datasheet-genx.pdf.
[17] https://www.flightglobal.com/analysis-industry-sees-path-to-carbon-neutral-aviation/117396.article
[18] https://www.colorado.edu/faculty/kantha/sites/default/files/attached-files/fromm.pdf
[19] https://www.materialstoday.com/composite-industry/features/composites-get-in-deep-with-new-generation-engine/
[20] https://www.colorado.edu/faculty/kantha/sites/default/files/attached-files/fromm.pdf
[21] https://global.kawasaki.com/en/corp/rd/magazine/179/pdf/n179en14.pdf
[22] https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/compression-ratio
[23] https://www.alentecinc.com/papers/NOx/The%20formation%20of%20NOx_files/The%20formation%20of%20NOx.htm
[24] https://www.digitalrefining.com/article/1000637/ambient-conditions-impact-co-and-nox-emissions-part-ii#.YS1U49NKj8Y
[25] https://www.faa.gov/about/office_org/headquarters_offices/apl/research/aircraft_technology/cleen/reports/media/taps_ii_public_final_report.pdf
[26] https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20150007508/downloads/20150007508.pdf
[27] https://arc.aiaa.org/doi/abs/10.2514/6.2012-936
[28] https://blog.geaviation.com/manufacturing/the-magnitude-of-manufacturing/
[29] https://www.sme.org/technologies/articles/2015/august/grinding-gamma-titanium-aluminide/
[30] https://www.matec-conferences.org/articles/matecconf/pdf/2020/17/matecconf_ti2019_08002.pdf
[31] https://www.boeing.com/aboutus/environment/environmental_report_09/_inc/flash-2-3-2.htm
[32] https://aviationbenefits.org/newswire/2013/06/chevron-nozzles-reduce-noise/.
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Thank you to AP Archive for access to their archival footage.
Music by Epidemic Sound: http://epidemicsound.com/creator
Thank you to my patreon supporters: Adam Flohr, Henning Basma, Hank Green, William Leu, Tristan Edwards, Ian Dundore, John & Becki Johnston. Nevin Spoljaric, Jason Clark, Thomas Barth, Johnny MacDonald, Stephen Foland, Alfred Holzheu, Abdulrahman Abdulaziz Binghaith, Brent Higgins, Dexter Appleberry, Alex Pavek, Marko Hirsch, Mikkel Johansen, Hibiyi Mori. Viktor Józsa, Ron Hochsprung The Insane Engineering of the GEnX](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/Sf6H8kSunRA/mqdefault.jpg)
![NASAs Weirdest Experimental Plane
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Credits:
Writer/Narrator: Brian McManus
Editor: Dylan Hennessy
Animator: Mike Ridolfi (https://www.moboxgraphics.com/)
Sound: Graham Haerther (https://haerther.net/)
Thumbnail: Simon Buckmaster https://twitter.com/forgottentowel
References:
[1] https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/files/ThinkingObliquely-ebook.pdf
[2]https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/19930074026/downloads/19930074026.pdf
[3] https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/19870009137/downloads/19870009137.pdf
[4] http://www.srmuniv.ac.in/sites/default/files/downloads/class5-2012.pdf
[5] https://www.nasa.gov/centers/armstrong/news/FactSheets/FS-081-DFRC.html
[6] https://repository.lib.ncsu.edu/bitstream/handle/1840.16/2141/etd.pdf?sequence=1
https://youtu.be/pg-Qi5TYzK0?t=2161
[7] page 18 https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/files/Sweeping_Forward.pdf
Thank you to AP Archive for access to their archival footage.
Music by Epidemic Sound: http://epidemicsound.com/creator
Songs:
Thank you to my patreon supporters: Adam Flohr, Henning Basma, Hank Green, William Leu, Tristan Edwards, Ian Dundore, John & Becki Johnston. Nevin Spoljaric, Jason Clark, Thomas Barth, Johnny MacDonald, Stephen Foland, Alfred Holzheu, Abdulrahman Abdulaziz Binghaith, Brent Higgins, Dexter Appleberry, Alex Pavek, Marko Hirsch, Mikkel Johansen, Hibiyi Mori. Viktor Józsa, Ron Hochsprung NASAs Weirdest Experimental Plane](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/SpiMXHgItHg/mqdefault.jpg)

