Uploaded January 2025 | Updated September 2026, 2 weeks ago
Toxic PFAS "forever chemicals" are now in the bloodstream of virtually every single person in the world. This is a look at this alarming problem, the ways Americans are working to solve it, and some common sense steps you can take to prevent exposure.
Subscribe to TDC: youtube.com/TheDailyConversation
Information sources:
Shocking NYTimes PFAS in Sludge Investigation nytimes.com/2024/12/27/climate/epa-pfas-fertilizer-3m-forever-chemicals.html
Valley elementary PFAS test results edu.fcps.org/ves/sites/ves/files/VES_PFAS_Results.pdf
Watch Documentary “The Devil We Know” youtu.be/NJFbsWX4MJM?si=PyXMvSvV_LH8oDCS
Video: Maine PFAS expert panel (Dr. Segal) youtu.be/vWt4OH1SKSU?si=Ii-lx_AsNCxodJ4c&t=1495
Video: Dairy farmer Fred Stone youtu.be/VA6SfWwZ1zM?si=bej104b8gtgkteNa&t=81
New York’s sludge wars are personal ambrook.com/research/environment/sludge-biosolids-farmland-New-York-PFAS
Maine sludge regulation mainemorningstar.com/2024/05/28/a-call-for-sludge-regulation
Maine’s sludge disposal problem wgme.com/news/i-team/report-shows-maine-could-face-new-biosolid-capacity-crisis-2028-action-isnt-taken-sludge-wastewater-services-portland
California’s actions ewg.org/news-insights/news-release/2021/10/landmark-california-law-bans-forever-chemicals-products-infants
cen.acs.org/environment/persistent-pollutants/California-bans-PFAS-firefighting-foams/98/i38
saferstates.org/press-room/california-governor-signs-first-in-nation-ban-on-pfas-forever-chemicals-in-textiles
State-by-state PFAS action tracker saferstates.org/bill-tracker/?toxic_chemicals=PFAS
blog.sourceintelligence.com/us-pfas-regulations-by-state
Maryland PFAS action plan mde.maryland.gov/PublicHealth/SiteAssets/Pages/PFAS-Landing-Page/Maryland%20PFAS%20Action%20Plan%20December%202023.pdf
EPA introduces PFAS limits epa.gov/newsreleases/biden-harris-administration-finalizes-first-ever-national-drinking-water-standard#:~:text=For%20PFOA%20and%20PFOS%2C%20EPA,at%2010%20parts%20per%20trillion.
EPA PFAS road map epa.gov/system/files/documents/2024-11/epas-pfas-strategic-roadmap-2024_508.pdf
Forever chemicals and advanced filtration methods nsf.org/knowledge-library/forever-chemicals-advancement-filtration-standards
$79 at-home water test kit cyclopure.com/product/water-test-kit-pfas/?srsltid=AfmBOoqiiy4xueKcex9EK1OGXYbVMdeUIOAebZGyR_rK65506SYX41r1
Video: Maine PFAS expert panel (Dr. Miriam Taleb) youtu.be/kGTiH3NAj6M?si=bpiNzmQ-qwuLmIaB&t=3195
Last summer, this elementary school learned that their well water was contaminated with toxic chemicals, so they switched to drinking bottled water.
It’s a situation that is playing out in wells, rivers and lakes and farms all across the country.
The culprit is PFAS, or per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, basically any kind of carbon atom that’s had all of its hydrogens replaced by fluorines. This compound is used in many products because it is extremely effective at resisting heat, water, stains, and oils.
But because PFASs are nearly impossible to break down, every time we wash or throw away and landfill products containing them, they enter our environment, contaminate our water and food supplies. They are increasingly associated with health issues like birth defects and cancer.
The danger PFAS poses came to light when a class action lawsuit showed that the chemical giant DuPont had - for years - been dumping thousands of tons of it into America’s freshwater supply, even though they knew how hazardous it was. The settlement resulted in tens of thousands of residents participating in a study that found strong links between drinking water contaminated with PFOA and diseases like kidney cancer, testicular cancer, thyroid disease, and high cholesterol.
“There’s a fairly good causal link between these chemicals and the development of not only obesity, but diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cognitive dysfunction like Parkinson’s disease.”
A recent NYTimes investigation revealed that much of the sludge in the US is contaminated with PFAS and that one of the leading manufacturers of it, chemical giant 3M, knew PFAS was linked to serious health consequences and that the company’s scientists had discovered it in sewage all over the country. But when they shared this information with the EPA in 2006, the agency did nothing.
Most disturbingly, the sludge-spreading program continues, with over 2 million tons applied annually on more than 4 million acres. Over the decades, farmers have permits to use sludge on as much as 70 million acres–that’s 20% of all the farmland in the country.
Data center detroit mayor geothermal megacities obama anger translator donald trump delhi los angeles TDC thedailyconversation the daily conversation Dupont AI
Toxic PFAS "forever chemicals" are now in the bloodstream of virtually every single person in the world. This is a look at this alarming problem, the ways Americans are working to solve it, and some common sense steps you can take to prevent exposure.
Subscribe to TDC: youtube.com/TheDailyConversation
Information sources:
Shocking NYTimes PFAS in Sludge Investigation nytimes.com/2024/12/27/climate/epa-pfas-fertilizer-3m-forever-chemicals.html
Valley elementary PFAS test results edu.fcps.org/ves/sites/ves/files/VES_PFAS_Results.pdf
Watch Documentary “The Devil We Know” youtu.be/NJFbsWX4MJM?si=PyXMvSvV_LH8oDCS
Video: Maine PFAS expert panel (Dr. Segal) youtu.be/vWt4OH1SKSU?si=Ii-lx_AsNCxodJ4c&t=1495
Video: Dairy farmer Fred Stone youtu.be/VA6SfWwZ1zM?si=bej104b8gtgkteNa&t=81
New York’s sludge wars are personal ambrook.com/research/environment/sludge-biosolids-farmland-New-York-PFAS
Maine sludge regulation mainemorningstar.com/2024/05/28/a-call-for-sludge-regulation
Maine’s sludge disposal problem wgme.com/news/i-team/report-shows-maine-could-face-new-biosolid-capacity-crisis-2028-action-isnt-taken-sludge-wastewater-services-portland
California’s actions ewg.org/news-insights/news-release/2021/10/landmark-california-law-bans-forever-chemicals-products-infants
cen.acs.org/environment/persistent-pollutants/California-bans-PFAS-firefighting-foams/98/i38
saferstates.org/press-room/california-governor-signs-first-in-nation-ban-on-pfas-forever-chemicals-in-textiles
State-by-state PFAS action tracker saferstates.org/bill-tracker/?toxic_chemicals=PFAS
blog.sourceintelligence.com/us-pfas-regulations-by-state
Maryland PFAS action plan mde.maryland.gov/PublicHealth/SiteAssets/Pages/PFAS-Landing-Page/Maryland%20PFAS%20Action%20Plan%20December%202023.pdf
EPA introduces PFAS limits epa.gov/newsreleases/biden-harris-administration-finalizes-first-ever-national-drinking-water-standard#:~:text=For%20PFOA%20and%20PFOS%2C%20EPA,at%2010%20parts%20per%20trillion.
EPA PFAS road map epa.gov/system/files/documents/2024-11/epas-pfas-strategic-roadmap-2024_508.pdf
Forever chemicals and advanced filtration methods nsf.org/knowledge-library/forever-chemicals-advancement-filtration-standards
$79 at-home water test kit cyclopure.com/product/water-test-kit-pfas/?srsltid=AfmBOoqiiy4xueKcex9EK1OGXYbVMdeUIOAebZGyR_rK65506SYX41r1
Video: Maine PFAS expert panel (Dr. Miriam Taleb) youtu.be/kGTiH3NAj6M?si=bpiNzmQ-qwuLmIaB&t=3195
Last summer, this elementary school learned that their well water was contaminated with toxic chemicals, so they switched to drinking bottled water.
It’s a situation that is playing out in wells, rivers and lakes and farms all across the country.
The culprit is PFAS, or per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, basically any kind of carbon atom that’s had all of its hydrogens replaced by fluorines. This compound is used in many products because it is extremely effective at resisting heat, water, stains, and oils.
But because PFASs are nearly impossible to break down, every time we wash or throw away and landfill products containing them, they enter our environment, contaminate our water and food supplies. They are increasingly associated with health issues like birth defects and cancer.
The danger PFAS poses came to light when a class action lawsuit showed that the chemical giant DuPont had - for years - been dumping thousands of tons of it into America’s freshwater supply, even though they knew how hazardous it was. The settlement resulted in tens of thousands of residents participating in a study that found strong links between drinking water contaminated with PFOA and diseases like kidney cancer, testicular cancer, thyroid disease, and high cholesterol.
“There’s a fairly good causal link between these chemicals and the development of not only obesity, but diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cognitive dysfunction like Parkinson’s disease.”
A recent NYTimes investigation revealed that much of the sludge in the US is contaminated with PFAS and that one of the leading manufacturers of it, chemical giant 3M, knew PFAS was linked to serious health consequences and that the company’s scientists had discovered it in sewage all over the country. But when they shared this information with the EPA in 2006, the agency did nothing.
Most disturbingly, the sludge-spreading program continues, with over 2 million tons applied annually on more than 4 million acres. Over the decades, farmers have permits to use sludge on as much as 70 million acres–that’s 20% of all the farmland in the country.
Data center detroit mayor geothermal megacities obama anger translator donald trump delhi los angeles TDC thedailyconversation the daily conversation Dupont AI




![Chicago: Boomtown to Modern Marvel
Chicago is the crown jewel of the post-industrial United States with a metropolitan population of 9.5 million. It triumphed over nature to become a boomtown and railroad hub. Now, its economy is considered the most balanced and resilient on earth. This is the building of Chicago, a modern marvel at the crossroads of America.
Part 2 https://youtu.be/V9LQ2oWZlZI
Subscribe to TDC https://www.youtube.com/TheDailyConversation/
Thanks to Paul Durica and the Chicago History Museum https://www.chicagohistory.org/
Main clip sources: WTTW Chicagos local PBS station https://www.youtube.com/@wttw
This futuristic urban river canyon reflects a staggering amount of resources, capital, and innovation. It’s also America’s railroad hub and the central node in America’s extensive system of navigable freshwater ways. Its roads lead to most corners of the continent, and its runways send direct flights to over 200 destinations–all of this supports one of the planet’s most productive regions for growing crops and extracting raw materials. The opportunities available in and around this prairie boomtown have attracted hungry young workers for nearly two centuries. In fact, so many arrived daily that it sustained the highest population growth rate on earth for several consecutive decades in the late 1800s.
Its story began when a Haitian-born fur trader [Jean Baptiste DeSalle] and his wife [Kitihawa], a member of the local indigenous Potawatomi tribe, established an outpost here in 1779.
It remained a sleepy frontier village for decades until Chicago’s first locomotive, the Pioneer, made its inaugural trip out to nearby Des Plaines in 1848.
I learned about this pivotal moment firsthand when I visited the Chicago History Museum for a trip back in time with Paul Durica.
These products were listed in mail-order catalogs, an industry invented and based in Chicago. The conveniences of online shopping can be traced directly back to Montgomery Ward and Sears–businesses that were only possible because the railroad reliably delivered.
By the beginning of the 20th century. Chicago had close to 40 different railroad lines running through it. Most cities today will have like maybe one Union Station or a central terminal–but by the early 1900s, Chicago had six different ones.
Chicago was also responsible for the rapid growth of the vast prairies that stretched westward to the Rocky Mountains. A Chicagoan had invented the mechanical reaper, freeing wheat farmers from the backbreaking, inefficient work of harvesting their crops by hand. And when they shipped their wheat into the city, 12 massive grain elevators stored it before it was sent across the lake to Buffalo, or downriver and onto oceanliners waiting in New Orleans.
But even with this bounty, prairie farmers couldn’t build much of anything, because their lands had few trees to harvest. Good thing there were expansive forests in Wisconsin and Michigan north of Chicago, and soon it became the world’s largest lumber market.
“The Union Stockyard in many ways is the kind of natural culmination of how the citys been growing and developing because its all about centralization and expanding markets.
Hundreds of millions of calories were passing through the processing plants and storage facilities of Chicago every single day, feeding the ravenous Union Army in its hard-fought victory in the Civil War.
“Chicago is situated magnificently for trade, but it’s a pestilential swamp–it’s a horrible place for a city. It’s an absolute hellhole… Children were playing with maggots as if they were little pets.”
Before long, Cholera had crept up the Mississippi to extinguish 60 Chicagoans a day during the warm summer months.
To find a solution, Chicago brought in Ellis Chesbrough, one of America’s brightest sanitation engineers. He designed gravity-fed sewers to flush the waste into the river, and then deepened the river by dredging it and using the fill to raise Chicago’s ground level 10 feet. Lifting all the existing buildings safely required widespread adoption of a new system: George Pullman’s jack.
“So, how could you reverse the flow? Well, you must realize that the land form drops off. You get down to the city of Joliet and you’re 40 feet below Lake Michigan. The idea was to link up the south branch of the Chicago River with the Des Plaines river and to break through that subcontinental divide.
When they had finally finished the Chicago Shipping and Sanitation Canal, and were ready to let the water in, they still weren’t positive it would even work. After a few tense moments, amazingly, the water began to flow slowly downhill.
0:00 Welcome to Chicago
1:20 A Sleepy Frontier Town
2:04 Railroads Help Industry Takes Off
3:10 Prarie Boomtown
5:00 Union Stockyards
6:24 The Battle Against Cholera
7:10 Chicagos Innovative Water System
9:02 Reversing the River
11:12 Outro: Part 1 of 4 Chicago: Boomtown to Modern Marvel](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/pNdX0Dm-J8Y/mqdefault.jpg)



![Solving Climate Change with R&D and Civic Action
Smart strategies like Research & Development and targeted Civic Action are very effective ways to stop Climate Change. Watch the full episode here: https://tdc.video/programs/the-best-policy-solutions-for-cutting-co2e-emissions
Energy Policy Simulator: https://us.energypolicy.solutions/
Robbie Orvis: https://energyinnovation.org/team-member/robbie-orvis/
Designing Climate Solutions: https://www.energypolicy.solutions/guide/
Video Transcript:
[Plank] I hear you. Performing research and development efficiently will be essential for discovering solutions to the problems that still need to be solved. Luckily there are a number of successful practices for countries to adopt that will allow them to foster the innovation necessary to achieve rapid decarbonization of their economies. [Orvis] Being able to recruit good talent, having a program that fosters both domestic and international experts in stem sciences is really important. Public private partnerships. Those have been really successful in the US where a company may want to invest in a new technology, but it might be prohibitively expensive for them to build a research facility or a lab. The US government and other governments, for example in Germany they have the Fraunhofer Institute, may have really advanced tech labs where they can partner with research organizations or companies who are researching new technologies, to come in and be able to use those labs for a fee for example and leverage the governments resources into research and development. Another important one is a program like ARPA-E. This is a program the Department of Energy runs, but the idea is to help companies overcome some of the periods in which it can be very hard to get financing to develop projects. Theres this thing known as the valley of in research and development where you go from taking a product from the lab to commercializing it. And that interim stage, it can be very hard to find financing. So the extent the government is able to help, through government-backed loans or through research programs like ARPA-E that can help get products that are delivering results in the lab, into the field so they can start to be commercialized.
[Plank] Innovations are great, but for them to be implemented it often takes citizens educating their government representatives about the best way forward, and then staying engaged to make sure that path is followed. Hal Harvey - Robbies boss at energy innovations and the lead author of this book - explained the importance of civic action during a Q&A after a recent talk.
[Audience member] How does one go about applying political pressure?
[Harvey] Applying political pressure? Ill just give an example, in California, before the public utilities commission, NRDC and a group called CERT are two of the most influential. You can call them up - they will answer the phone - and say Id like to help. What can I do? And tell them what your skills are. And then they might say, I need a cost model for integrating solar with a grid, or I might need 50 people to come to the hearing, right? Theres a bunch of different ways to do it. We did this precision intervention with air quality laws and energy laws all the time. And we would get, like when there was a pollution law coming up, we would get a hundred mothers of asthmatic kids to come to that hearing. You win that venue, you win the vote. And thats what it should be. Theyre supposed to represent those asthmatic kids. Theyre not supposed to represent the owner of the coal-fired power plant its a public utilities commission. So thats what you do. You look at any good argument has ethos, logos, and pathos, so bring in one of those: do the analysis, bring in the kids, tell a story. Whatever it takes, but make sure youre an actor with intensity at that moment. Choose a venue, choose the moment, act with intensity.
[Orvis] Hes absolutely right. For example, in the power sector, theres something like five public utility commissioners in every state, give or take, but thats actually where the rubber meets the road, and thats where policy gets made. If we could leverage the great enthusiasm and drive that people have to go to these marches and to push for divestment into actually attending these meetings, we could have a much much bigger impact in terms of actually getting those those reductions. And so Hal likes to talk about, you know five PUC commissioners, 50 states, thats 250. But actually theres only coal in maybe 15 of those states, so you start cutting it down, you see, okay, if we influence 50 people we can push the power sector to essentially decarbonize. Targeting those focus points is a great way to leverage everyones drive and motivation into actually getting those reductions on the ground. Solving Climate Change with R&D and Civic Action](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/rWjqmwrpurQ/mqdefault.jpg)

