Uploaded February 2026 | Updated September 2026, 2 weeks ago
Marketed by the Martin-Decker Corporation of Long Beach, California, this device was used to measure the tension of control cables in aircraft such as the Douglas DC-4 / Canadair North Star.
SOURCES
patents.google.com/patent/US1780141A/en
patents.google.com/patent/US1766782A/en?inventor=Goldman+Otto+Berger
patents.google.com/patent/US3541850A
nov.com/products-and-services/brands/md-totco
Marketed by the Martin-Decker Corporation of Long Beach, California, this device was used to measure the tension of control cables in aircraft such as the Douglas DC-4 / Canadair North Star.
SOURCES
patents.google.com/patent/US1780141A/en
patents.google.com/patent/US1766782A/en?inventor=Goldman+Otto+Berger
patents.google.com/patent/US3541850A
nov.com/products-and-services/brands/md-totco




![Reflex Gunsights Part II: Gyro and Radar Gunsights
*NOTE: I state that the moisture sensing paper is impregnated with Copper Sulphate. I was mistaken: it is Cobalt Chloride. *
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While reflector or reflex gunsights offered numerous advantages over traditional iron sights, they still did not solve the fundamental problem of aerial gunnery: computing the correct deflection or lead needed to hit a distant moving target. As a result, in the early 1940s British and German engineers developed Gyro Gunsights, which used gyroscopes to measure the aircrafts rate of turn and automatically compute the aircrafts rate of turn - and in turn the correct deflection. Highly effective in combat, just after WWII gyro gunsights were further enhanced via the integration of radar to automatically input the target range.
Reflex Gunsights Part I: https://youtu.be/evwD36mtj5s
Window Chaff video: https://youtu.be/qLEsI-TdAgE
TIFO Microwave Oven video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xetyi84Fu10&t=16s&pp=ygUbdG9kYXkgaSBmb3VuZCBvdXQgbWljcm93YXZl
TIFO Battle of the Beams video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j-TPOppvpMs&pp=ygUkdG9kYXkgaSBmb3VuZCBvdXQgZm9yZ290dGVuIHRlY2ggd2Fy
TIFO Operation Biting video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mBwYO_N5bh0&pp=ygUpdG9kYXkgaSBmb3VuZCBvdXQgc3RlYWxpbmcgaGl0bGVyJ3MgcmFkYXI%3D
0:00 Introduction
1:13 FlexiSpot Ad Integration
3:21 Gyro Gunsights Origins
5:07 G.G.S. Mk.I
6:30 G.G.S. Mk.II
6:54 G.G.S. Mk.IV Overview
9:06 Operating Procedure
12:51 Internals: Fixed Reticle
13:59 Internals: Gyro System
15:36 G.G.S. Mk.I Internals
16:07 Internals: Ranging System
16:24 Internals: Desiccant, Camera, Retractible Mount
17:57 Production and Combat Use
19:15 German Gyro Gunsights
20:22 Radar Gunsights
22:19 G.G.S. Mk.VIII
23:19 APG-30
23:42 Outro
SOURCES
https://ww2aircraft.net/forum/threads/gyro-gunsights.50788/page-2
https://prc68.com/I/NavyMk18GunSight.html#Patents
https://patents.google.com/patent/US2229645A/en
https://militaryantiquestoronto.com/product/canadian-rcaf-vampire-jet-aircraft-gun-sight-mk-4e-ferranti/
https://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USN/ref/Ordnance/GS-Mk14/index.html
https://www.airwar.ru/other/manuals/[aviation] - [manuals] - Gyro Gun Sight Mk 5B and 5D.pdf
https://www.aviatorsdatabase.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/Gyro-gunsights.pdf
https://www.airministrymilitaria.com/en-GB/aircraft-parts/gyro-gunsight-and-retractable-mounting/prod_10573 Reflex Gunsights Part II: Gyro and Radar Gunsights](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/CDdrggsC3VY/mqdefault.jpg)





