Uploaded November 2022 | Updated September 2026, 1 week ago
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Writing by Sam Denby and Tristan Purdy
Editing by Alexander Williard
Animation led by Josh Sherrington
Sound by Graham Haerther
Thumbnail by Simon Buckmaster
References
[1] eia.gov/international/rankings/world?pa=264&u=0&f=A&v=none&y=01%2F01%2F2021&ev=fals
[2] statista.com/statistics/264439/oil-reserves-in-selected-countries-since-1990
[3] macrotrends.net/countries/KOR/south-korea/gdp-gross-domestic-product
[4] medium.com/@aislingbhroin/the-korean-war-the-importance-of-a-forgotten-war-e7772b7b322
[5] macrotrends.net/countries/USA/united-states/gdp-per-capita
[6] images.samsung.com/is/content/samsung/assets/global/ir/docs/2020_Business_Report.pdf
[7] research-doc.credit-suisse.com/docView?language=ENG&format=PDF&source_id=csplusresearchcp&document_id=1034191531&serialid=aedFqU4PFKhOIEqdnUM5dJs447EiSMsRWJSv8JjJFu4%3D&cspId=null
[8] statista.com/statistics/1314374/south-korea-samsung-groups-revenue-as-a-share-of-gdp
[9] https://fsi.stanford.edu/news/closer-look-samsung-offers-insights-south-korean-society
[10] npr.org/sections/parallels/2016/04/19/474621999/to-the-list-of-high-stakes-tests-in-korea-add-the-samsung-sat
[11] thediplomat.com/2017/03/why-samsungs-lee-jae-yong-might-have-bribed-choi-soon-sil
[12] kjis.org/journal/view.html?spage=203&volume=3&number=1#T1
[13] piie.com/publications/chapters_preview/341/2iie3373.pdf
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Writing by Sam Denby and Tristan Purdy
Editing by Alexander Williard
Animation led by Josh Sherrington
Sound by Graham Haerther
Thumbnail by Simon Buckmaster
References
[1] eia.gov/international/rankings/world?pa=264&u=0&f=A&v=none&y=01%2F01%2F2021&ev=fals
[2] statista.com/statistics/264439/oil-reserves-in-selected-countries-since-1990
[3] macrotrends.net/countries/KOR/south-korea/gdp-gross-domestic-product
[4] medium.com/@aislingbhroin/the-korean-war-the-importance-of-a-forgotten-war-e7772b7b322
[5] macrotrends.net/countries/USA/united-states/gdp-per-capita
[6] images.samsung.com/is/content/samsung/assets/global/ir/docs/2020_Business_Report.pdf
[7] research-doc.credit-suisse.com/docView?language=ENG&format=PDF&source_id=csplusresearchcp&document_id=1034191531&serialid=aedFqU4PFKhOIEqdnUM5dJs447EiSMsRWJSv8JjJFu4%3D&cspId=null
[8] statista.com/statistics/1314374/south-korea-samsung-groups-revenue-as-a-share-of-gdp
[9] https://fsi.stanford.edu/news/closer-look-samsung-offers-insights-south-korean-society
[10] npr.org/sections/parallels/2016/04/19/474621999/to-the-list-of-high-stakes-tests-in-korea-add-the-samsung-sat
[11] thediplomat.com/2017/03/why-samsungs-lee-jae-yong-might-have-bribed-choi-soon-sil
[12] kjis.org/journal/view.html?spage=203&volume=3&number=1#T1
[13] piie.com/publications/chapters_preview/341/2iie3373.pdf
![The NFLs Logistics Problem
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Animation by Vincent de Langen
Sound by Graham Haerther (http://www.Haerther.net)
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Special thanks to Patreon supporters Adam Chelminski, Arkadiy Kulev, Charles Zilinski, Chris Allen, Connor J Smith, Daddy Donald, Etienne Dechamps, Eyal Matsliah, Hank Green, John & Becki Johnston, Kyle, MyNameIsKir, Plinio Correa, Qui Le, Remi_Scarlet, Tom Dooner, Tyler Hamm, and Vaughn Mudrick
Music by http://epidemicsound.com
Select footage courtesy the AP Archive
Delta 757 video courtesy PDX Aviation
References:
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_professional_sports_leagues_by_revenue
[2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_professional_sports_leagues_by_revenue
[3] https://bleacherreport.com/articles/1640782-the-anatomy-of-a-53-man-roster-in-the-nfl
[4] http://www.nfl.com/news/story/09000d5d81ee4faa/article/team-travel-directors-preparing-as-if-there-will-be-a-2011-season
[5] https://www.reddit.com/r/baseball/comments/8hf8eu/mlb_team_charter_planes/?st=jygao9i9&sh=71d96432; https://www.flightradar24.com/data/flights/ua2505
[6] https://www.flightradar24.com/data/flights/ua2534
[7] https://www.flightradar24.com/data/flights/ua2534
[8] https://www.flightradar24.com/data/aircraft/n76054
[9] https://www.flightradar24.com/data/aircraft/n76064
[10] https://onemileatatime.com/nfl-charter-flights/
[11] https://www.flightradar24.com/data/flights/dl8870; https://www.flightradar24.com/data/flights/dl8871
[12] https://www.sportsbusinessdaily.com/Journal/Issues/2018/05/28/Leagues-and-Governing-Bodies/NFL-planes.aspx
[13] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NFL_International_Series
[14] https://www.foxbusiness.com/features/where-is-the-nfl-headed-next
[15] https://www.latimes.com/sports/chargers/la-sp-chargers-london-20181019-story.html; https://www.forbes.com/sites/robertkidd/2018/10/10/uk-definitely-ready-for-london-nfl-team/#4f6fbfe1220a
[16] https://www.espn.com/soccer/tottenham-hotspur/story/3108630/nfl-helping-fund-new-tottenham-hotspur-stadium-sources
[17] https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2018/10/18/sports/football/seattle-seahawks-london.html
[18] https://www.pitchcare.com/news-media/inside-the-buffalo-bills-hotel-the-grove-watford-home-to-the-first-uk-eclipse-hybrid-turf-pitch.html
[19] https://www.cbssports.com/nfl/news/roger-goodell-on-nfl-in-london-theres-no-question-a-team-could-be-successful-here/
[20] https://www.privatefly.com/us/private-jets/large-airliner-hire/Boeing-747-400; https://www.paramountbusinessjets.com/aircraft/boeing-747-400.html; https://thepointsguy.com/news/touring-crystal-skye-777/; https://www.cntraveler.com/story/this-private-boeing-787-dreamliner-costs-74000-dollars-an-hour;
[21] https://www.seattletimes.com/sports/seahawks/seahawks-not-excited-for-long-plane-flight-but-eager-for-a-new-experience-and-hopefully-getting-a-win-in-london/
[22] https://www.sbnation.com/college-football/2016/8/27/12672296/hawaii-schedule-2016
[23] https://hawaiiathletics.com/news/2017/9/6/general-hawaiian-airlines-uh-athletics-team-up-for-2017-18-sports-travel.aspx
[24] https://sunwolves.or.jp/en/schedule/2019/ The NFLs Logistics Problem](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/pJ_LUFBSoqM/mqdefault.jpg)
![The Electric Vehicle Charging Problem
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Writing by Sam Denby
Research by Sam Denby and Tristan Purdy
Editing by Alexander Williard
Animation by Josh Sherrington
Sound by Graham Haerther
Thumbnail by Simon Buckmaster
Select footage courtesy the AP Archive
References
[1] https://www.ucsusa.org/resources/surveying-consumers-electric-vehicles
[2] https://www.castrol.com/content/dam/castrol/master-site/en/global/home/technology-and-innovation/electric-vehicle-adoption/accelerating_the_evolution_study.pdf
[3] https://www.chevrolet.com/electric/bolt-ev; https://www.tesla.com/model3/design#overview; https://www.nissanusa.com/shopping-tools/build-price/cars/nissan-leaf/2021/40-kwh/29125:BABYp:AqoD5iM/exterior; https://afdc.energy.gov/data/10567
[4] https://www.tesla.com/model3/design#overview; https://www.chevrolet.com/electric/bolt-ev;
[5] https://teslamotorsclub.com/tmc/threads/updated-model-3-charging-profiles-durations.145054/; https://www.chevrolet.com/electric/bolt-ev; https://www.nissanusa.com/vehicles/electric-cars/leaf/features/range-charging-battery.html
[6] https://neo.ubs.com/shared/d1N4RjMdUf/; https://insideevs.com/news/444567/electrify-america-new-lower-rates/
[7] https://neo.ubs.com/shared/d1N4RjMdUf/
[8] https://www.wsj.com/articles/tesla-tsla-4q-earnings-report-2020-11611708257
[9] https://www.plugshare.com/location/284932
[10] https://cleantechnica.com/2019/02/16/standardization-of-ev-charging-in-the-eu/
[11] https://www.iea.org/reports/global-ev-outlook-2020
[12] https://www.iea.org/reports/global-ev-outlook-2020
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![The Gov Agency That Manages Americas Worst Land
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Writing by Sam Denby and Tristan Purdy
Editing by Alexander Williard
Animation led by Max Moser
Sound by Graham Haerther
Thumbnail by Simon Buckmaster
References
[1] https://kieranhealy.org/blog/archives/2016/01/05/checkered-past/
[2] https://www.blm.gov/sites/default/files/docs/2024-07/map-hiking-route-ufo-skip-site-roswell-nm-2024.pdf
[3] https://burningman.org/wp-content/uploads/2024-BMP-SRP-Additional-Stipulations.pdf
[4] https://journal.burningman.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/BLM_BurningMan2023_Inspection.pdf
[5] https://exhibits.stanford.edu/rr/catalog/tb303xn7959
[6] https://eplanning.blm.gov/public_projects/nepa/93518/175008/212562/Burning_Man_Event_SRP-Final_EIS_Vol2.pdf
[7] https://www.unitedcountry.com/properties/co/colorado-cattle-ranch-with-grazing-permits-for-sale/1064132/ The Gov Agency That Manages Americas Worst Land](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/qARQV3WDv4o/mqdefault.jpg)
![The One Tiny Law That Keeps Amtrak Terrible
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Writing by Sam Denby and Tristan Purdy
Editing by Alexander Williard
Animation led by Josh Sherrington
Sound by Graham Haerther
Thumbnail by Simon Buckmaster
Historic US rail map data courtesy Bygone Maps, LLC and licensed under CC-BY-SA (historic rail graphics correspondently avaliable under a CC-BY-SA license)
References
[1] https://homesignalblog.wordpress.com/2021/12/27/efficiency-and-the-decline-of-american-freight-railroads/
[2] https://wx4.org/to/foam/maps/2Wx4/001/1905-05ColoradoMidland_PTT.pdf
[3] https://wx4.org/to/foam/maps/2Wx4/001/1909ca_SP-SRR-A%26WP-L%26N_WashingtonSunsetRoute.pdf
[4] https://www.trains.com/trn/news-reviews/news-wire/28-class-i-operating-ratios-reach-new-lows-in-2019/
[5] https://www.trains.com/trn/news-reviews/news-wire/class-i-operating-ratios-reach-another-new-low-despite-pandemic/
[6] https://www.oig.dot.gov/sites/default/files/Amtrak_Root_Causes_Final_Report_9_8_08_with_508_charts.pdf
[7] https://media.amtrak.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Host-Railroad-Report-Card-2021-Final-v2.pdf
[8] https://www.freightwaves.com/news/economics/flashback-friday-interstate-commerce-commission-1-2
[9] https://www.freightwaves.com/news/freightwaves-classicsleaders-jp-morgan-greatly-influenced-us-railroads-in-the-late-19th-century
[10] https://www.enotrans.org/article/amtrak-at-50-the-rail-passenger-service-act-of-1970/
[11] https://transportgeography.org/contents/applications/rail-deregulation-united-states/ The One Tiny Law That Keeps Amtrak Terrible](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/qQTjLWIHN74/mqdefault.jpg)

![Air Cargos Coronavirus Problem
Sign up for an annual CuriosityStream subscription and also get a free Nebula subscription (the new streaming platform built by creators) here: http://CuriosityStream.com/wendover
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Animation by Josh Sherrington
Sound by Graham Haerther (http://www.Haerther.net)
Thumbnail by Simon Buckmaster
Music by http://epidemicsound.com
Select footage courtesy the AP Archive
References:
[1] https://twitter.com/eurocontrolDG/status/1254683673074585600?s=20
[2] https://theaircurrent.com/airlines/as-coronavirus-empties-the-sky-of-passenger-planes-air-cargo-marches-on/
[3] https://www.scmp.com/economy/global-economy/article/3074821/coronavirus-chinas-mask-making-juggernaut-cranks-gear
[4] https://www.iata.org/en/pressroom/pr/2020-04-28-01/
[5] https://theaircurrent.com/airlines/as-coronavirus-empties-the-sky-of-passenger-planes-air-cargo-marches-on/
[6] https://lufthansa-cargo.com/fleet-ulds/fleet/belly-fleet
[7] https://twitter.com/flightradar24/status/1255254509481230339?s=20
[8] https://twitter.com/TomPodolec/status/1254584853355429888?s=20
[9] https://twitter.com/ANCairport/status/1254927411931607040?s=20 Air Cargos Coronavirus Problem](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/r2oPk20OHBE/mqdefault.jpg)
![The Design of Airline Route Networks
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Writing by Sam Denby, Tristan Purdy, and Christine Benedetti
Editing by Alexander Williard
Animation by Austin Glass, Derek Brown, Kate Ermolenko, Gabriel Ferreras, Sara Stoltman
Sound by Manni Simon and Dony Bullen
Thumbnail by Simon Buckmaster
Airline network visualizations courtesy and used with the permission of FlightConnections.com
References
[1] https://www.theairlineobserver.com/p/uniteds-plans-for-tokyo
[2] https://crankyflier.com/2024/10/14/the-unexpected-rebirth-of-uniteds-narita-hub/
[3] https://s2.q4cdn.com/181345880/files/doc_downloads/2024/investor_day/2024-Delta-Investor-Day-vF-Website.pdf
[4] https://americanairlines.gcs-web.com/static-files/383c2fd2-a7dc-476f-bd0d-9e9b05e9b98c
[5] https://crankyflier.com/2024/10/21/uniteds-atlantic-joint-venture-guides-how-united-grows/ The Design of Airline Route Networks](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/sY7cQNx4Hg4/mqdefault.jpg)
![The Logistics of Disaster Response
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Animation by Josh Sherrington
Sound by Graham Haerther (http://www.Haerther.net)
Thumbnail by Simon Buckmaster
Music by http://epidemicsound.com
Select footage courtesy the AP Archive
References:
[1] https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/iscgem14226221/executive
[2] https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/haiti/overview; https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/haiti/overview
[3] https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/why-haiti-s-quake-was-so-devastating-1.907001
[4] https://spherestandards.org/wp-content/uploads/Sphere-Handbook-2018-EN.pdf
[5] https://www.cbsnews.com/news/haiti-earthquake-aid-nearly-15-billion-in-donations/
[6] https://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/14/world/americas/14cutter.html?hp
[7] https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748704541004575011403710933576
[8] https://airtrafficmanagement.keypublishing.com/2010/01/22/faa-sends-temporary-air-traffic-control-tower-to-haiti/ The Logistics of Disaster Response](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/tLS9IK693KI/mqdefault.jpg)

![Why Helicopter Airlines Failed
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Animation by Josh Sherrington
Sound by Graham Haerther (http://www.Haerther.net)
Thumbnail by Simon Buckmaster
Music by http://epidemicsound.com
Select footage courtesy the AP Archive
References:
[1] http://www.timetableimages.com/ttimages/oh/oh6904/oh6904-2.jpg
[2] https://www.timetableimages.com/ttimages/oh/oh6403/oh6403-2.jpg
[3] https://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19770020143.pdf
[4] https://books.google.com/books?id=xgM5AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA372&lpg=PA372&dq=$50+million+federal+helicopter+subsidy&source=bl&ots=sj1FNPLRdy&sig=ACfU3U0ut3GhqNHGabd57kOFexNgFg-3QA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjByNKRxdTpAhUHv54KHVBSBcYQ6AEwAXoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=%2450%20million%20federal%20helicopter%20subsidy&f=false
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