Uploaded June 2026 | Updated September 2026, 2 weeks ago
Pliosaurs were the Jurassic’s most powerful predators, and continued to dominate as apex predators into the Early Cretaceous. Their four-flipper build gave them agility and their enormous bone-crushing skulls defined the iconic pliosaur look. The biggest skull of the Mesozoic didn’t belong to T. rex, or Giganotosaurus, or even Spinosaurus. As impressive as those megatheropods’ chompers were, they were dwarfed by the ocean-going giants like Sachicasaurus, Kronosaurus, and Pliosaurus, which had skulls up to two and a half meters long. We’re going to cover the body size, phylogeny, and physiology of the Pliosauridae, going through taxon by taxon and discussing the factors that made them such a successful and iconic clade of gigantic marine carnivores.
Thumbnail art by Literally Miguel
00:00: Pliosaurs Were The Jurassic’s Most Powerful Predators
00:00: Thalassiodracon hawkinsii
00:00: Hauffiosaurus longirostris/tomistomimus/zanoni
00:00: Attenborosaurus conybeari
00:00: Anguanax zignoi
00:00: Marmornectes candrewi
00:00: Eardasaurus
00:00: Gallardosaurus
00:00: Ischyrodon
00:00: Peloneustes philarchus
00:00: “Pliosaurus” andrewsi
00:00: Pliosaurus kevani/rossicus/funkei
00:00: Simolestes vorax
00:00: Lorrainosaurus keileni
00:00: Liopleurodon ferox
00:00: Megalneusaurus
00:00: Makhaira rossica
00:00: Acostasaurus
00:00: Sachicasaurus vitae
00:00: Luskhan itilensis
00:00: Stenorhynchosaurus munozi
00:00: Kronosaurus
00:00: Boyacasaurus
00:00: Monquirasaurus
00:00: Brachauchenius
00:00: Megacephalosaurus
Pliosaurs were the Jurassic’s most powerful predators, and continued to dominate as apex predators into the Early Cretaceous. Their four-flipper build gave them agility and their enormous bone-crushing skulls defined the iconic pliosaur look. The biggest skull of the Mesozoic didn’t belong to T. rex, or Giganotosaurus, or even Spinosaurus. As impressive as those megatheropods’ chompers were, they were dwarfed by the ocean-going giants like Sachicasaurus, Kronosaurus, and Pliosaurus, which had skulls up to two and a half meters long. We’re going to cover the body size, phylogeny, and physiology of the Pliosauridae, going through taxon by taxon and discussing the factors that made them such a successful and iconic clade of gigantic marine carnivores.
Thumbnail art by Literally Miguel
00:00: Pliosaurs Were The Jurassic’s Most Powerful Predators
00:00: Thalassiodracon hawkinsii
00:00: Hauffiosaurus longirostris/tomistomimus/zanoni
00:00: Attenborosaurus conybeari
00:00: Anguanax zignoi
00:00: Marmornectes candrewi
00:00: Eardasaurus
00:00: Gallardosaurus
00:00: Ischyrodon
00:00: Peloneustes philarchus
00:00: “Pliosaurus” andrewsi
00:00: Pliosaurus kevani/rossicus/funkei
00:00: Simolestes vorax
00:00: Lorrainosaurus keileni
00:00: Liopleurodon ferox
00:00: Megalneusaurus
00:00: Makhaira rossica
00:00: Acostasaurus
00:00: Sachicasaurus vitae
00:00: Luskhan itilensis
00:00: Stenorhynchosaurus munozi
00:00: Kronosaurus
00:00: Boyacasaurus
00:00: Monquirasaurus
00:00: Brachauchenius
00:00: Megacephalosaurus










![Tyrannosaurus rex vs Giganotosaurus: Battle of Kings
Tyrannosaurus rex vs Giganotosaurus is the ultimate megatheropod rivalry. After Tyrannosaurus rex fought Giganotosaurus in Jurassic World, science explains the true victor of a hypothetical fight in Tyrannosaurus rex vs Giganotosaurus: Battle of Kings. Tyrannosaurus rex size is an important factor, and this video about Tyrannosaurus rex vs Giganotosaurus includes a Tyrannosaurus rex size comparison as well as an in-depth analysis of each animal’s ecology, agility, intelligence, and experience in fighting other megatheropods. New science, including new mass estimations and biomechanical studies, reveal each competitor’s unique evolutionary abilities in this fight to the death: Tyrannosaurus vs Giganotosaurus. This is an educational scientific-reporting take on the Tyrannosaurus rex vs Giganotosaurus battle.
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STUDIES CITED
Coria, R. A.; Currie, P. J. (2002). The braincase of Giganotosaurus carolinii (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Upper Cretaceous of Argentina. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 22 (4): 802–811. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2002)022[0802:TBOGCD]2.0.CO;2. S2CID 85678725.
Giga brain https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Braincase-of-the-carcharodontosaurid-theropod-Giganotosaurus-carolinii-MUCPv-CH-1-Museo_fig1_340367784
Ankylosaurus mass Arbour, V.M.; Mallon, J.C. (2017). Unusual cranial and postcranial anatomy in the archetypal ankylosaur Ankylosaurus magniventris. FACETS. 2 (2): 764–794. doi:10.1139/facets-2017-0063.
Tyrannosaur interfacial biting. Brown, C., Currie, P., & Therrien, F. (2022). Intraspecific facial bite marks in tyrannosaurids provide insight into sexual maturity and evolution of bird-like intersexual display. Paleobiology, 48(1), 12-43. doi:10.1017/pab.2021.29
Snively et al. 2019. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6387760/
Triceratops size https://www.deviantart.com/spinoinwonderland/journal/Some-GDI-s-for-a-few-folks-648811067
Sellers et al. 2017 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5518979/
Giganotosaurus braincase https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1671/0272-4634%282002%29022%5B0802%3ATBOGCD%5D2.0.CO%3B2
Therrien et al. 2020: https://cdnsciencepub.com/doi/abs/10.1139/cjes-2020-0177
Nieto & Paulina-Carabajal 2020: https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Braincase-of-the-carcharodontosaurid-theropod-Giganotosaurus-carolinii-MUCPv-CH-1-Museo_fig1_340367784
Dan Folkes blog https://www.thecodontia.com/blog/the-largest-theropod-dinosaur-known-to-science
Thumbnail Art
Giganotosaurus: Gabriel Ugueto
Tyrannosaurus: Mark Witton
Human: Linda Salzman Sagan
South America Map: Simoes et al. 2017
North America Map: Dr. Ron Blakely
Intro Sound Effect by GatorBeast https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h8QkzD4iVco
Hitman by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 license. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
All other music by Pixabay
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