PhysX3D [GRAVITY SIMULATION] Ulysses slingshot on November 4th 2098 @ProjectPhysX

Uploaded November 2016 | Updated September 2026, 2 weeks ago

The Ulysses spacecraft was launched in 1990 to study the Sun from an orbit far off the ecliptic plane. It reached its orbit in 1992 using a slingshot maneuver on Jupiter which left its apoapsis crossing Jupiters orbit.

On November 4th 2098 it will get close to Jupiter again and do another slingshot maneuver which will raise its apoapsis beyond the orbit of Neptune.

The simulation is performed in real time on a notebook CPU based on data from the JPL. FP64 percision and RK4 integration with adaptive timestepping are being used.

More information at: projectphysx.de

PhysX3D [GRAVITY SIMULATION] Ulysses slingshot on November 4th 2098

$Combined scientific CFD simulation and interactive raytracing with OpenCL (IWOCL & SYCLcon 2022) This is my IWOCL & SYCLcon 2022 technical talk. Extended Abstract: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/360501260_Combined_scientific_CFD_simulation_and_interactive_raytracing_with_OpenCL Slides: https://www.iwocl.org/wp-content/uploads/06-presentation-iwocl-syclcon-2022-lehmann.pdf 0:00 Intro & Demos 4:16 Basic Idea 6:54 Lattice Boltzmann CFD 8:35 Benchmarks & Efficiency 11:33 Application 12:37 Graphics with OpenCL 23:06 Conclusions 24:16 More Demos!! 26:09 Outro One of the main uses for OpenCL is compute applications where rendering is done externally. However separating simulation and rendering has many disadvantages, especially the slowdown caused by copying data from device to host, and needing to store raw data on the hard drive. A much faster approach is to implement both simulation and rendering in OpenCL. The rendering kernels have direct read-only access to the raw simulation data in ultra-fast GPU memory. This eliminates almost all PCIe data transfer, allowing for interactive visualization in real time while the simulation is running. Although OpenCL does not have existing functionality for graphical rendering, being a general compute language, it allows for implementing an entire graphics engine. On top, specific low-level optimizations make this OpenCL graphics engine outperform any existing rendering solution for this scenario, enabling fluid raytracing in real time on even non-RTX GPUs. This is demonstrated with the software FluidX3D [1]. First I introduce the lattice Boltzmann method for simulating physically accurate fluid flow and discuss optimizations: Being a memory-bound algorithm, coalesced memory access is key. This is achieved through AoS data layout and the one-step-pull LBM streaming scheme. One-step-pull leverages that misaligned read penalty is much smaller than misaligned write penalty on most GPUs. Roofline analysis shows that with these optimizations, the LBM runs at 100% efficiency on the fastest GPUs [2]. For free surface flows, the LBM is extended with an efficient Volume-of-Fluid (VoF) implementation [3]. This allows covering new grounds in science: FluidX3D has been used to simulate more than 1600 raindrop impacts to evaluate how microplastics transition from the ocean surface into the atmosphere [4]. Rasterization on the GPU is parallelized not over pixels but lines/triangles instead. Each line/triangle is transformed from 3D to 2D screen coordinates and then rasterized onto the frame (integer array) with Bresenham [5] and z-buffer. The raytracing graphics are based on a combination of fast ray-grid traversal and marching-cubes, leveraging that the computational grid from the LBM already is an ideal acceleration structure for raytracing. The idea is simple: Through each pixel on screen, shoot a reverse light ray out of the camera and see where it intersects with a surface in the scene. Then (recursively) calculate reflected/refracted rays and mix colors. If a ray doesnt intersect anything, its color is determined by the skybox. With mesh surfaces consisting of triangles, computation time quickly becomes a problem, as all triangles have to be tested for intersection. To overcome this, an acceleration structure is required. While games often use a bounding volume hierarchy, the LBM already provides an ideal alternative acceleration structure: the simulation grid. The corresponding algorithm is called ray-grid traversal: When a ray shoots through the 3D grid, intersections with the surface only have to be checked for at each traversed grid cell rather than the entire grid. Triangles are generated on-the-fly with marching-cubes and ray-triangle intersections are checked with Möller-Trumbore. If an intersection has been found, the normals are calculated on the 8 grid points spanning the cell, and are trilinearly interpolated to the intersection. The interpolated surface normal makes the raytraced surface appear smooth. On the GPU, the ray(s) for each pixel are computed in parallel. It is important how to align the OpenCL workgroups: best performance is achieved for 8x8 pixel tiles; this is about 50% faster than 64x1 tiles, because all rays of the workgroup are more likely to traverse the same grid cells, improving memory broadcasting. For marching-cubes, the algorithm by Paul Bourke [6] is implemented in OpenCL. Table size is reduced to 1/8. The Möller-Trumbore algorithm [7] is implemented branchless. This raytracing implementation is fast enough to run in real time for even the largest lattice dimensions that fit into GPU memory. This is demonstrated on the most realistic simulation of an impacting raindrop ever done [8]. [1] https://doi.org/10.15495/EPub_UBT_00005400 [2] https://arxiv.org/abs/2112.08926 [3] https://doi.org/10.3390/computation10020021 [4] https://doi.org/10.1186/s43591-021-00018-8 [5] https://doi.org/10.1147/sj.41.0025 [6] http://paulbourke.net/geometry/polygonise/ [7] https://doi.org/10.1080/10867651.1997.10487468 [8] https://youtu.be/1g_zFsvScME$

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PhysX3D [GRAVITY SIMULATION] Extreme Performance

$From Boxes to photorealistic Fluid (marching-cubes + raytracing) From Boxes to photorealistic Fluid - how does ot work? The fluid simulation is done with the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) with the Volume-of-Fluid (VoF) extension and piecewise linear interface construction (PLIC) for surface tension. VoF-LBM: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/349552856_High_Performance_Free_Surface_LBM_on_GPUs PLIC: https://www.mdpi.com/2079-3197/10/2/21 VoF-LBM provides a 3D grid with fluid fill levels, used as isovalues for marching-cubes, which generates a contiguous triangle mesh representing the water surface. Marching-cubes: http://paulbourke.net/geometry/polygonise/ With raytracing I shoot light rays from the camera through the 3D isogrid. For each grid cell that a ray traverses, I run marching-cubes to generate the triangles on-the-fly, then check for ray-triangle intersections with any of these triangles. If the ray intersects, I dont use the flat-face-surface nromal of the triangle, as this would lead to visual artefacts on the reflected/refracted rays. Instead, I interpolate the surface normal at the intersection point in order to have a smoothly appearing surface. How does surface normal interpolation work with marching-cubes? I get the normals directly at the lattice points with gradient (central derivative) on the isogrid, then linearly interpolate to get the normals at triangle vertices and linearly interpolate again to where the ray intersects the triangle with Barycentric coordinates on the triangle. The 3D lattice that the LBM provides already is one of the ideal acceleration structures for raytracing. Any ray only has to check for possible intersections with iso-surface triangles contained within the traversed grid cells. This makes it - when the lattice is not too large - even run in real time on non-RTX GPUs. New video with surface normal interpolation: https://youtu.be/UUYrWUpPQwY Old video without surface normal interpolation: https://youtu.be/9Rfu9ZqW894 The simulation setup you see here is a physically accurate 4mm diameter terminal velocity raindrop impact in water, although at rather low 256x256x218 resolution for this real time demo. See my published research paper in Microplastics and Nanoplastics, where the simulation is validated to great extent: https://microplastics.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s43591-021-00018-8 This simulation as well as the raytracing graphics are running in real time on a single Nvidia Titan Xp GPU. The simulation software used is FluidX3D, an OpenCL implementation of the lattice Boltzmann method. FluidX3D runs at peak hardware efficiency on the worlds fastest data-center GPUs (8799/5232 MLUPs/s on the Nvidia A100/V100 @ D3Q19 SRT FP32), on gaming GPUs and CPUs and it even runs my smartphone. For more performance details, see: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2112.08926.pdf #FluidX3D #OpenCL #Raytracing #GPU #LBM$

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