Uploaded March 2026 | Updated September 2026, 10 hours ago
Claudia Nischwitz, Utah State University:
Claudia Nischwitz is Associate Professor and Extension Plant Pathology Specialist at USU since 2010. She works on diseases of plants with focus on vegetable, cut flowers, grape, and alfalfa diseases and insect pests. In addition, she does diagnostics for the Utah Plant Pest Diagnostic lab.
Claudia Nischwitz, Utah State University:
Claudia Nischwitz is Associate Professor and Extension Plant Pathology Specialist at USU since 2010. She works on diseases of plants with focus on vegetable, cut flowers, grape, and alfalfa diseases and insect pests. In addition, she does diagnostics for the Utah Plant Pest Diagnostic lab.







![What is Kratom?
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REFERENCES
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Anbalagan, S., Falkowitz, D. M., & Mendez, M. D. (2024, April 1). Neonatal abstinence syndrome. In StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK551498/
Heywood, J., Smallets, S., & Paustenbach, D. (2024). Beneficial and adverse health effects of kratom (Mitragyna speciosa): A critical review of the literature. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 192, 114913. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2024.114913
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Huberman, A. (Host). (2025, July 21). Health effects & risks of kratom, opioids & other natural occurring medicines | Dr. Chris McCurdy [Audio podcast episode]. In Huberman Lab Podcast. Huberman Lab. https://www.hubermanlab.com/episode/health-effects-and-risks-of-kratom-opioids-and-other-natural-occurring-medicines-dr-chris-mccurdy
Peran, D., Stern, M., Cernohorsky, P., Sykora, R., Popela, S., & Duska, F. (2023). Mitragyna speciosa (kratom) poisoning: Findings from ten cases. Toxicon, 225, 107054. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2023.107054
Rogers, J. M., Weiss, S. T., Epstein, D. H., Grundmann, O., Hill, K., & Smith, K. E. (2024). Kratom addiction per DSM-5 SUD criteria, and kratom physical dependence: Insights from dosing amount versus frequency. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 260, 111329. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2024.111329
Smith, K. E., Boyer, E. W., Grundmann, O., McCurdy, C. R., & Sharma, A. (2025). The rise of novel, semi‐synthetic 7‐hydroxymitragynine products. Addiction, 120(2), 387-388. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/add.16728
Suhaimi, F. W., Mohamad Khari, N. H., Hassan, Z., & Müller, C. P. (2025). Exploring the cognitive effects of kratom: A review. Behavioural Brain Research, 480, 115387. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115387
Torrico, T., Patel, K., Nikolov, N., Salam, M. T., Padhy, R., & Weinstein, D. (2024). Presence of kratom in opioid overdose deaths: Findings from coroner postmortem toxicological report. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 14, 1332999. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1332999
U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (n.d.) 7-Hydroxymitragynine (7-OH): An Assessment of the Scientific Data and Toxicological Concerns Around an Emerging Opioid Threat. https://www.fda.gov/media/187899/download?attachment
U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (2024, August 5). FDA and Kratom. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. https://www.fda.gov/news-events/public-health-focus/fda-and-kratom
U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (2025a, June 25). Warning letter to 7Tabz Retail, LLC (MARCS‑CMS 709546) [Warning letter]. Center for Drug Evaluation and Research. https://www.fda.gov/inspections-compliance-enforcement-and-criminal-investigations/warning-letters/7tabz-retail-llc-709546-06252025
U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (2025b, June 25). Warning letter to Hydroxie, LLC (MARCS-CMS 709661) [Warning letter]. Center for Drug Evaluation and Research. https://www.fda.gov/inspections-compliance-enforcement-and-criminal-investigations/warning-letters/hydroxie-llc-709661-06252025
U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (2025c, June 25). Warning letter to Royal Diamond Imports, Inc. – 709540. [Warning letter]. Center for Drug Evaluation and Research https://www.fda.gov/inspections-compliance-enforcement-and-criminal-investigations/warning-letters/royal-diamond-imports-inc-709540-06252025
Utah Code § 4‑45‑104 (2019). Kratom processor requirements—Criminal penalty. Utah Code Title 4, Chapter 45: Kratom Consumer Protection Act. Enacted by Chapter 329, 2019 General Session. https://le.utah.gov/xcode/Title4/Chapter45/4-45-S104.html#:~:text=Kratom%20processor%20requirements%20%2D%2D%20Criminal%20penalty.,-(1)&text=(4)-,A%20kratom%20processor%20may%20not%20prepare%2C%20distribute%2C%20sell%2C%20or,in%20accordance%20with%20this%20chapter.&text=A%20kratom%20processor%20shall%20register,Section%204%2D5%2D301. What is Kratom?](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/UHHSnBFrIiA/mqdefault.jpg)


