Uploaded March 2026 | Updated September 2026, 10 hours ago
Wesley Crump is a USU Extension Assistant Professor in Wasatch and Summit counties focused on horticulture. A few of his interests (not necessarily his strengths!) include fruit trees and other perennial crops, plant breeding, native plants, native dyes, and all things home-gardening
Wesley Crump is a USU Extension Assistant Professor in Wasatch and Summit counties focused on horticulture. A few of his interests (not necessarily his strengths!) include fruit trees and other perennial crops, plant breeding, native plants, native dyes, and all things home-gardening






![What is Kratom?
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REFERENCES
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Akid, I., Roach, C., & Allan, T. (2025). The Kratom Bomb. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, 69(5), e566. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2025.02.224
Anbalagan, S., Falkowitz, D. M., & Mendez, M. D. (2024, April 1). Neonatal abstinence syndrome. In StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK551498/
Heywood, J., Smallets, S., & Paustenbach, D. (2024). Beneficial and adverse health effects of kratom (Mitragyna speciosa): A critical review of the literature. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 192, 114913. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2024.114913
Hill, K., Boyer, E. W., Grundmann, O., & Smith, K. E. (2025). De facto opioids: Characterization of novel 7-hydroxymitragynine and mitragynine pseudoindoxyl product marketing. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 272, 112701. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0376871625001541
Huberman, A. (Host). (2025, July 21). Health effects & risks of kratom, opioids & other natural occurring medicines | Dr. Chris McCurdy [Audio podcast episode]. In Huberman Lab Podcast. Huberman Lab. https://www.hubermanlab.com/episode/health-effects-and-risks-of-kratom-opioids-and-other-natural-occurring-medicines-dr-chris-mccurdy
Peran, D., Stern, M., Cernohorsky, P., Sykora, R., Popela, S., & Duska, F. (2023). Mitragyna speciosa (kratom) poisoning: Findings from ten cases. Toxicon, 225, 107054. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2023.107054
Rogers, J. M., Weiss, S. T., Epstein, D. H., Grundmann, O., Hill, K., & Smith, K. E. (2024). Kratom addiction per DSM-5 SUD criteria, and kratom physical dependence: Insights from dosing amount versus frequency. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 260, 111329. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2024.111329
Smith, K. E., Boyer, E. W., Grundmann, O., McCurdy, C. R., & Sharma, A. (2025). The rise of novel, semi‐synthetic 7‐hydroxymitragynine products. Addiction, 120(2), 387-388. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/add.16728
Suhaimi, F. W., Mohamad Khari, N. H., Hassan, Z., & Müller, C. P. (2025). Exploring the cognitive effects of kratom: A review. Behavioural Brain Research, 480, 115387. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115387
Torrico, T., Patel, K., Nikolov, N., Salam, M. T., Padhy, R., & Weinstein, D. (2024). Presence of kratom in opioid overdose deaths: Findings from coroner postmortem toxicological report. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 14, 1332999. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1332999
U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (n.d.) 7-Hydroxymitragynine (7-OH): An Assessment of the Scientific Data and Toxicological Concerns Around an Emerging Opioid Threat. https://www.fda.gov/media/187899/download?attachment
U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (2024, August 5). FDA and Kratom. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. https://www.fda.gov/news-events/public-health-focus/fda-and-kratom
U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (2025a, June 25). Warning letter to 7Tabz Retail, LLC (MARCS‑CMS 709546) [Warning letter]. Center for Drug Evaluation and Research. https://www.fda.gov/inspections-compliance-enforcement-and-criminal-investigations/warning-letters/7tabz-retail-llc-709546-06252025
U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (2025b, June 25). Warning letter to Hydroxie, LLC (MARCS-CMS 709661) [Warning letter]. Center for Drug Evaluation and Research. https://www.fda.gov/inspections-compliance-enforcement-and-criminal-investigations/warning-letters/hydroxie-llc-709661-06252025
U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (2025c, June 25). Warning letter to Royal Diamond Imports, Inc. – 709540. [Warning letter]. Center for Drug Evaluation and Research https://www.fda.gov/inspections-compliance-enforcement-and-criminal-investigations/warning-letters/royal-diamond-imports-inc-709540-06252025
Utah Code § 4‑45‑104 (2019). Kratom processor requirements—Criminal penalty. Utah Code Title 4, Chapter 45: Kratom Consumer Protection Act. Enacted by Chapter 329, 2019 General Session. https://le.utah.gov/xcode/Title4/Chapter45/4-45-S104.html#:~:text=Kratom%20processor%20requirements%20%2D%2D%20Criminal%20penalty.,-(1)&text=(4)-,A%20kratom%20processor%20may%20not%20prepare%2C%20distribute%2C%20sell%2C%20or,in%20accordance%20with%20this%20chapter.&text=A%20kratom%20processor%20shall%20register,Section%204%2D5%2D301. What is Kratom?](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/UHHSnBFrIiA/mqdefault.jpg)



