Uploaded March 2025 | Updated September 2026, 1 day ago
Grant Cardon, Utah State University Extension Soil Specialist:
Grant’s work at USU focuses on the training and assisting of county Extension agents on soil management issues, particularly soil fertility and salinity management. As the Extension Soils Specialist, Grant works to provide accurate interpretation of test results for soils, waters, plant tissues, manures and composts.
Grant Cardon, Utah State University Extension Soil Specialist:
Grant’s work at USU focuses on the training and assisting of county Extension agents on soil management issues, particularly soil fertility and salinity management. As the Extension Soils Specialist, Grant works to provide accurate interpretation of test results for soils, waters, plant tissues, manures and composts.
![What is Kratom?
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REFERENCES
Ahmed, S., Tran, Q. V., & McLean, M. (2023). The great imitator: A case of accidental kratom overdose. Cureus, 15(8), e43144. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.43144
Akid, I., Roach, C., & Allan, T. (2025). The Kratom Bomb. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, 69(5), e566. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2025.02.224
Anbalagan, S., Falkowitz, D. M., & Mendez, M. D. (2024, April 1). Neonatal abstinence syndrome. In StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK551498/
Heywood, J., Smallets, S., & Paustenbach, D. (2024). Beneficial and adverse health effects of kratom (Mitragyna speciosa): A critical review of the literature. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 192, 114913. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2024.114913
Hill, K., Boyer, E. W., Grundmann, O., & Smith, K. E. (2025). De facto opioids: Characterization of novel 7-hydroxymitragynine and mitragynine pseudoindoxyl product marketing. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 272, 112701. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0376871625001541
Huberman, A. (Host). (2025, July 21). Health effects & risks of kratom, opioids & other natural occurring medicines | Dr. Chris McCurdy [Audio podcast episode]. In Huberman Lab Podcast. Huberman Lab. https://www.hubermanlab.com/episode/health-effects-and-risks-of-kratom-opioids-and-other-natural-occurring-medicines-dr-chris-mccurdy
Peran, D., Stern, M., Cernohorsky, P., Sykora, R., Popela, S., & Duska, F. (2023). Mitragyna speciosa (kratom) poisoning: Findings from ten cases. Toxicon, 225, 107054. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2023.107054
Rogers, J. M., Weiss, S. T., Epstein, D. H., Grundmann, O., Hill, K., & Smith, K. E. (2024). Kratom addiction per DSM-5 SUD criteria, and kratom physical dependence: Insights from dosing amount versus frequency. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 260, 111329. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2024.111329
Smith, K. E., Boyer, E. W., Grundmann, O., McCurdy, C. R., & Sharma, A. (2025). The rise of novel, semi‐synthetic 7‐hydroxymitragynine products. Addiction, 120(2), 387-388. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/add.16728
Suhaimi, F. W., Mohamad Khari, N. H., Hassan, Z., & Müller, C. P. (2025). Exploring the cognitive effects of kratom: A review. Behavioural Brain Research, 480, 115387. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115387
Torrico, T., Patel, K., Nikolov, N., Salam, M. T., Padhy, R., & Weinstein, D. (2024). Presence of kratom in opioid overdose deaths: Findings from coroner postmortem toxicological report. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 14, 1332999. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1332999
U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (n.d.) 7-Hydroxymitragynine (7-OH): An Assessment of the Scientific Data and Toxicological Concerns Around an Emerging Opioid Threat. https://www.fda.gov/media/187899/download?attachment
U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (2024, August 5). FDA and Kratom. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. https://www.fda.gov/news-events/public-health-focus/fda-and-kratom
U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (2025a, June 25). Warning letter to 7Tabz Retail, LLC (MARCS‑CMS 709546) [Warning letter]. Center for Drug Evaluation and Research. https://www.fda.gov/inspections-compliance-enforcement-and-criminal-investigations/warning-letters/7tabz-retail-llc-709546-06252025
U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (2025b, June 25). Warning letter to Hydroxie, LLC (MARCS-CMS 709661) [Warning letter]. Center for Drug Evaluation and Research. https://www.fda.gov/inspections-compliance-enforcement-and-criminal-investigations/warning-letters/hydroxie-llc-709661-06252025
U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (2025c, June 25). Warning letter to Royal Diamond Imports, Inc. – 709540. [Warning letter]. Center for Drug Evaluation and Research https://www.fda.gov/inspections-compliance-enforcement-and-criminal-investigations/warning-letters/royal-diamond-imports-inc-709540-06252025
Utah Code § 4‑45‑104 (2019). Kratom processor requirements—Criminal penalty. Utah Code Title 4, Chapter 45: Kratom Consumer Protection Act. Enacted by Chapter 329, 2019 General Session. https://le.utah.gov/xcode/Title4/Chapter45/4-45-S104.html#:~:text=Kratom%20processor%20requirements%20%2D%2D%20Criminal%20penalty.,-(1)&text=(4)-,A%20kratom%20processor%20may%20not%20prepare%2C%20distribute%2C%20sell%2C%20or,in%20accordance%20with%20this%20chapter.&text=A%20kratom%20processor%20shall%20register,Section%204%2D5%2D301. What is Kratom?](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/UHHSnBFrIiA/mqdefault.jpg)









