Uploaded November 2022 | Updated September 2026, 2 weeks ago
What is the plural of "octopus" in English? Is it "cacti" or "cactuses"? Should Latin and Greek word maintain the same plural forms in English? Is the word "data" singular or plural? Is "agenda" plural or singular? Is it phenomenon or phenomena? These and many other questions will be answered in this video about the plural forms of Greek and Latin words in English!
Many thanks to my sponsor Ancient Language Institute. To learn Latin, Ancient Greek, Hebrew, or Old English with some of the best instructors and pedagogy out there, sign up for online lessons at https://AncientLanguage.com.
See my first lesson in Old English on @polyMATHYplus ! youtu.be/5APe4-cf7nU
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🏺Ancient Greek by the Ranieri-Dowling Method: luke-ranieri.myshopify.com/collections/frontpage/products/ancient-greek-by-the-ranieri-dowling-method-latin-summary-of-forms-of-nouns-verbs-adjectives-pronouns-audio-grammar-tables
🏛 Ancient Greek in Action · Free Greek Lessons:
youtube.com/playlist?list=PLU1WuLg45SixsonRdfNNv-CPNq8xUwgam
👨🏫 My Lingua Latina Per Se Illustrata playlist · Free Latin Lessons:
youtu.be/j7hd799IznU
🦂 ScorpioMartianus (my channel *entirely* in Latin & Ancient Greek)
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🎙 Hundreds of hours of Latin & Greek audio:
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Intro and outro music: Overture of Die Zauberflöte (The Magic Flute) by Mozart
#latinplurals #englishgrammar #octopus
00:00 Maria?
00:14 Antennae
01:14 Cacti
03:42 Bacteria
04:23 Octopi or Octopodes?
05:59 Ancient Language Institute
07:13 The correct pronunciation of "processes"
08:02 Data, Agenda, Algae, Fungi
09:59 Lunar maria
12:06 mic check
What is the plural of "octopus" in English? Is it "cacti" or "cactuses"? Should Latin and Greek word maintain the same plural forms in English? Is the word "data" singular or plural? Is "agenda" plural or singular? Is it phenomenon or phenomena? These and many other questions will be answered in this video about the plural forms of Greek and Latin words in English!
Many thanks to my sponsor Ancient Language Institute. To learn Latin, Ancient Greek, Hebrew, or Old English with some of the best instructors and pedagogy out there, sign up for online lessons at https://AncientLanguage.com.
See my first lesson in Old English on @polyMATHYplus ! youtu.be/5APe4-cf7nU
🦂 Sign up for my Latin Pronunciation & Conversation series on Patreon:
patreon.com/posts/54058196
📚 Luke Ranieri Audiobooks:
luke-ranieri.myshopify.com
🦂 Support my work on Patreon:
patreon.com/LukeRanieri
☕️ Support my work with PayPal:
paypal.me/lukeranieri
And if you like, do consider joining this channel:
youtube.com/channel/UCLbiwlm3poGNh5XSVlXBkGA/join
🏛 Latin by the Ranieri-Dowling Method: luke-ranieri.myshopify.com/collections/frontpage/products/latin-by-the-ranieri-dowling-method-latin-summary-of-forms-of-nouns-verbs-adjectives-pronouns-audio-grammar-tables
🏺Ancient Greek by the Ranieri-Dowling Method: luke-ranieri.myshopify.com/collections/frontpage/products/ancient-greek-by-the-ranieri-dowling-method-latin-summary-of-forms-of-nouns-verbs-adjectives-pronouns-audio-grammar-tables
🏛 Ancient Greek in Action · Free Greek Lessons:
youtube.com/playlist?list=PLU1WuLg45SixsonRdfNNv-CPNq8xUwgam
👨🏫 My Lingua Latina Per Se Illustrata playlist · Free Latin Lessons:
youtu.be/j7hd799IznU
🦂 ScorpioMartianus (my channel *entirely* in Latin & Ancient Greek)
youtube.com/ScorpioMartianus
🎙 Hundreds of hours of Latin & Greek audio:
lukeranieri.com/audio
🌍 polýMATHY website:
lukeranieri.com/polymathy
🌅 polýMATHY on Instagram:
instagram.com/lukeranieri
🦁 Legio XIII Latin Language Podcast:
youtube.com/LegioXIII
👕 Merch:
teespring.com/stores/scorpiomartianus
🦂 ScorpioMartianus.com
🦅 LukeRanieri.com
📖 My book Ranieri Reverse Recall on Amazon:
amzn.to/2nVUfqd
Intro and outro music: Overture of Die Zauberflöte (The Magic Flute) by Mozart
#latinplurals #englishgrammar #octopus
00:00 Maria?
00:14 Antennae
01:14 Cacti
03:42 Bacteria
04:23 Octopi or Octopodes?
05:59 Ancient Language Institute
07:13 The correct pronunciation of "processes"
08:02 Data, Agenda, Algae, Fungi
09:59 Lunar maria
12:06 mic check


![Vowel Pronunciation Tutorial • IPA (International Phonetic Alphabet) Vowels
How can you master the pronunciation of any language? The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) vowel chart is the key to acquiring a theoretical framework for understanding the pronunciation of vowels. In this video I will explain in detail how to understand and reproduce the majority of vowel sounds that exist in human languages, and how you can train yourself to master the phonology of any language or dialect or accent.
Many thanks to my sponsor Lingopie, which uses TV and movies to teach modern languages; Lingopie offers a 7-day free trial and gives a 65% discount on the annual subscriptionsign up at this link:
https://learn.lingopie.com/polymathys ⬅️
🦂 Support my work on Patreon:
https://www.patreon.com/LukeRanieri
📚 Luke Ranieri Audiobooks:
https://luke-ranieri.myshopify.com
🤠 Take my course LATIN UNCOVERED on StoryLearning, including my original Latin adventure novella Vir Petasātus
https://learn.storylearning.com/lu-promo?affiliate_id=3932873
🦂 Sign up for my Latin Pronunciation & Conversation series on Patreon:
https://www.patreon.com/posts/54058196
☕️ Support my work with PayPal:
https://paypal.me/lukeranieri
And if you like, do consider joining this channel:
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCLbiwlm3poGNh5XSVlXBkGA/join
🏛 Latin by the Ranieri-Dowling Method: https://luke-ranieri.myshopify.com/collections/frontpage/products/latin-by-the-ranieri-dowling-method-latin-summary-of-forms-of-nouns-verbs-adjectives-pronouns-audio-grammar-tables
🏺Ancient Greek by the Ranieri-Dowling Method: https://luke-ranieri.myshopify.com/collections/frontpage/products/ancient-greek-by-the-ranieri-dowling-method-latin-summary-of-forms-of-nouns-verbs-adjectives-pronouns-audio-grammar-tables
🏛 Ancient Greek in Action · Free Greek Lessons:
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLU1WuLg45SixsonRdfNNv-CPNq8xUwgam
👨🏫 My Lingua Latina Per Se Illustrata playlist · Free Latin Lessons:
https://youtu.be/j7hd799IznU
🦂 ScorpioMartianus (my channel *entirely* in Latin & Ancient Greek)
https://www.youtube.com/ScorpioMartianus
🎙 Hundreds of hours of Latin & Greek audio:
https://lukeranieri.com/audio
🌍 polýMATHY website:
http://lukeranieri.com/polymathy/
🌅 polýMATHY on Instagram:
https://www.instagram.com/lukeranieri/
🦁 Legio XIII Latin Language Podcast:
https://youtube.com/LegioXIII
👕 Merch:
https://teespring.com/stores/scorpiomartianus
🦂 https://www.ScorpioMartianus.com
🦅 https://www.LukeRanieri.com
📖 My book Ranieri Reverse Recall on Amazon:
http://amzn.to/2nVUfqd
Intro and outro music: Overture of Die Zauberflöte (The Magic Flute) by Mozart
00:00 What do these funny symbols mean?
00:20 Thanks to Lingopie for sponsoring this video.
01:40 Human Vocal Tract: Height, Backness, Roundedness
03:21 IPA: The International Phonetic Alphabet
04:00 High/Close Vowels [i y ɯ u]
07:00 Mid Front Vowels [e ɛ]
08:00 Low/Open Vowels [ä, ɑ, ɒ]
10:30 Near-High/Near-Close Front Vowels [ɪ ʏ]
11:24 Cot-Caught Merger
13:00 Phonemic vs Phonetic IPA Transcription
14:20 [a] vs [æ]
17:10 The Full IPA Vowel Chart
18:00 Mid Back Vowels [o ɔ]
21:00 True Mid Vowels [e̞ o̞]
26:00 [ə ʊ], Sonus Medius
28:25 Spanish Applied Ear Training
32:00 French Applied Ear Training
34:00 German Applied Ear Training
35:15 English & Italian Vowel Space & Conclusions
#IPA #linguistics #pronunciation Vowel Pronunciation Tutorial • IPA (International Phonetic Alphabet) Vowels](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/tpR5GdKXpGc/mqdefault.jpg)







