Uploaded April 2022 | Updated September 2026, 3 weeks ago

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If you'd like to learn more about this topic, "This Is How They Tell Me the World Ends" by Nicole Perlroth provides an excellent in-depth look at the Cyberweapons arms race: amazon.com/This-They-Tell-World-Ends/dp/1635576059

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Writing by Sam Denby and Tristan Purdy
Editing by Alexander Williard
Animation led by Josh Sherrington
Sound by Graham Haerther
Thumbnail by Simon Buckmaster

References
[1] This is How They Tell Me the World Ends - Nicole Perlroth
[2] Countdown to Zero Day - Kim Zetter
[3] iaea.org/sites/default/files/gov2010-46.pdf
[4] https://courses.cs.duke.edu/spring20/compsci342/netid/readings/cyber/stuxnet-ieee-spectrum.pdf
[5] arstechnica.com/information-technology/2017/11/evasive-code-signed-malware-flourished-before-stuxnet-and-still-does
[6] verveindustrial.com/resources/blog/what-is-stuxnet/#:~:text=Its%20objective%20was%20to%20stealthily,the%209%2C000%20centrifuges%20in%20Natanz
[7] https://mwi.usma.edu/stuxnet-digital-staff-ride/

Select footage courtesy Getty and AP; Select imagery courtesy Geolayers; Select music courtesy Epidemic sound