Uploaded November 2023 | Updated September 2026, 12 hours ago
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In this video we look at the Nuclear Model of atomic structure. We see that atoms consist mainly of empty space, with a central positive nucleus containing most of the mass of the atom and electrons around the edge. We look at how the scientist Niels Bohr contributed to the nuclear model with his idea of electron orbits (which we now call electron energy levels or shells). We then see how the nuclear model was further developed with the discovery of the proton and how the number of protons determines the amount of positive charge in the nucleus. Next, we look at how the discovery of the neutron by James Chadwick completed the nuclear model. We finish by looking at the radius of an atom and the radius of the nucleus and the relative charges and relative masses of protons, neutrons and electrons.
This video is based on the AQA spec. This video may be appropriate for iGCSE / O Level Chemistry. Please consult your specification. The Amazon link above is an affiliate link. This provides a small commission which helps to support freesciencelessons. The cost remains the same to you. If you prefer not to use this, you can search Amazon for the Freesciencelessons workbooks.
Find your 9s with PLUS. Click the link to try for free freesciencelessons.co.uk/modules/gcse-chemistry-1-triple
Teachers, to get PLUS for your school, email schools@freesciencelessons.co.uk
In this video we look at the Nuclear Model of atomic structure. We see that atoms consist mainly of empty space, with a central positive nucleus containing most of the mass of the atom and electrons around the edge. We look at how the scientist Niels Bohr contributed to the nuclear model with his idea of electron orbits (which we now call electron energy levels or shells). We then see how the nuclear model was further developed with the discovery of the proton and how the number of protons determines the amount of positive charge in the nucleus. Next, we look at how the discovery of the neutron by James Chadwick completed the nuclear model. We finish by looking at the radius of an atom and the radius of the nucleus and the relative charges and relative masses of protons, neutrons and electrons.
This video is based on the AQA spec. This video may be appropriate for iGCSE / O Level Chemistry. Please consult your specification. The Amazon link above is an affiliate link. This provides a small commission which helps to support freesciencelessons. The cost remains the same to you. If you prefer not to use this, you can search Amazon for the Freesciencelessons workbooks.






![A Level Biology Revision (Year 13) Structure of the Liver
In this video, we look at the structure of the liver. First we explore the blood flow through the liver. We then look at liver cells, or hepatocytes. Finally, we explore how hepatocytes are arranged to form sinusoids, including the roles of Kuppfer cells and bile canaliculi.
Image credits:
Liver animation
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Liver_01_animation2.gif
Polygon data is generated by Database Center for Life Science(DBCLS)[2], CC BY-SA 2.1 JP https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.1/jp/deed.en, via Wikimedia Commons A Level Biology Revision (Year 13) Structure of the Liver](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/dbE8i93scyU/mqdefault.jpg)
![GCSE Chemistry Revision Paper Chromatography
Find your 9s with PLUS. Click the link to try for free https://www.freesciencelessons.co.uk/modules/gcse-chemistry-1-triple/
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In this video, we look at how we can use paper chromatography to separate the compounds in a mixture. First we explore how paper chromatography separates mixtures of soluble substances. I show you how to set up the apparatus for paper chromatography and what is meant by the stationary phase and the mobile phase. I then show you how we can tell from the results whether a substance is pure or a mixture of substances. I explain how paper chromatography works in terms of the attraction between a substance and the mobile phase. Finally, I explain why we draw the line on the chromatography paper in pencil and not pen.
This video is based on the AQA spec. This video may be appropriate for iGCSE / O Level Chemistry. Please consult your specification. The Amazon link above is an affiliate link. This provides a small commission which helps to support freesciencelessons. The cost remains the same to you. If you prefer not to use this, you can search Amazon for the Freesciencelessons workbooks.
Image credit:
Coloured pens By RRRST (Own work) [CC BY-SA 4.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0)], via Wikimedia Commons GCSE Chemistry Revision Paper Chromatography](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/dsKz9eF1Sc0/mqdefault.jpg)
![GCSE Biology Revision The Digestive System
Find your 9s with PLUS. Click the link to try for free https://www.freesciencelessons.co.uk/modules/gcse-biology-1-triple/
Teachers, to get PLUS for your school, email schools@freesciencelessons.co.uk
In this video, we look at digestion and the digestive system. I take you through the basic ideas of why food needs to be digested and then we explore the different parts of the digestive system.
This video is based on the AQA spec. This video may be appropriate for iGCSE / O Level Biology. Please consult your specification. The Amazon link above is an affiliate link. This provides a small commission which helps to support freesciencelessons. The cost remains the same to you. If you prefer not to use this, you can search Amazon for the Freesciencelessons workbooks.
Image credits:
Human digestive system Lozzaaa [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons
Stomach
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Digestive_system Stomach_3 Smart-Servier.png
Laboratoires Servier, CC BY-SA 3.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0, via Wikimedia Commons
Cheek cells
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cheekcells_stained.jpg
Mulletsrokk, CC BY-SA 3.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0, via Wikimedia Commons GCSE Biology Revision The Digestive System](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/e1RUivE3H1k/mqdefault.jpg)

