Uploaded February 2022 | Updated September 2026, 1 week ago
Thank you for viewing this video on Sky Scholar! This channel is
dedicated to new ideas about the nature of the sun, the stars,
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the toughest concepts in astronomy. If you enjoyed this video, please
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This channel is educational in nature.
All observational images and videos are credited to NASA unless otherwise specified. Images obtained by the SDO satellite are a courtesy of NASA/SDO and the AIA, EVE, and HMI science teams. Images obtained by the SOHO satellite are courtesy of SOHO (ESA & NASA).
Link to Professor Robitaille’s papers on Vixra:
vixra.org/author/pierre-marie_robitaille
Modeling Music:
Foria: Break Away
soundcloud.com/foria
youtube.com/watch?v=UkUweq5FAcE
Outro Music:
Also sprach Zarathustra (Thus Spoke Zarathustra)
pond5.com/artist/tak_music
Paid license
Thank you for viewing this video on Sky Scholar! This channel is
dedicated to new ideas about the nature of the sun, the stars,
thermodynamics, and the microwave background. We will discuss all
things astronomy, physics, chemistry, and imaging related! We hope that
the combination of facts and special effects will aid in learning even
the toughest concepts in astronomy. If you enjoyed this video, please
subscribe.
This channel is educational in nature.
All observational images and videos are credited to NASA unless otherwise specified. Images obtained by the SDO satellite are a courtesy of NASA/SDO and the AIA, EVE, and HMI science teams. Images obtained by the SOHO satellite are courtesy of SOHO (ESA & NASA).
Link to Professor Robitaille’s papers on Vixra:
vixra.org/author/pierre-marie_robitaille
Modeling Music:
Foria: Break Away
soundcloud.com/foria
youtube.com/watch?v=UkUweq5FAcE
Outro Music:
Also sprach Zarathustra (Thus Spoke Zarathustra)
pond5.com/artist/tak_music
Paid license


![The Hydrogen Phase Diagram & Evidence for the Liquid Metallic Hydrogen Solar Model!
Real Physics Talk, Munich, Germany, 2019: Pierre-Marie Robitaille
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MH9h6eXyMcQ
Diamond Anvil Cell, Subject Zero Science,
A Breakthrough in the hunt for Metallic Hydrogen? [Update 2020]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4l4M4PdiGpk
The Life Cycle of the Stars | Pierre-Marie Robitaille [OTF2017]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FDn_0hwLsKM&list=FLxq7mZOdQ7LrQt3LDK2SG9Q&index=175
Dr. P.M. Robitaille | OTF2019 | Revelations Through MRI
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oO5vIUcnKlI
P.M. Robitaille, Forty Lines of Evidence for Condensed Matter - The Sun on Trial: Liquid Metallic Hydrogen as a Solar Building Block, Progr. Phys. 2013, 90-142. http://www.ptep-online.com/2013/PP-35-16.PDF
P.M. Robitaille, Liquid Metallic Hydrogen: A Building Block for the Liquid Sun, Progr. Phys., 2011, 3, 60-74.
http://www.ptep-online.com/2011/PP-26-07.PDF
E.G. Brovman, Y.M. Kagan, and A. Kholas, Properties of metallic hydrogen under pressure. Sov. Phys. JETP, 1972, v.35(4), 783–787.
C.M. Tenney, K.L. Sharkey, and J.M. McMahon, Possibility of metastable atomic metallic hydrogen, Phys. Rev. B, 2020, 102, 224108.
https://journals.aps.org/prb/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevB.102.224108
https://arxiv.org/pdf/1705.04900.pdf
N. Ashcroft, Optical response near a band overlap: Application to dense hydrogen, in “Molecular Systems Under High Pressure” (R. Pucci and G. Piccitto, Eds.), Elsevier Science Publishers, North-Holland, 1991.
E. Gregoryanz, et al., Everything you always wanted to know about metallic hydrogen but were afraid to ask, Matter & Radiation at Extremes, 2020, 5, 038101. https://aip.scitation.org/doi/pdf/10.1063/5.0002104
A. Goncharov, Phase diagram of hydrogen at extreme pressures and temperatures; updated through 2019, Low Temperature Physics, 2020, 46(2), 97. https://aip.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/10.0000526
B. Militzer, The High-Temperature Phase Diagram, UC Berkeley, 1/15/2003,
http://militzer.berkeley.edu/diss/node5.html
J.M. McMahon, et al., The properties of hydrogen and helium under extreme conditions, Rev. Mod. Phys., 2012, 84, 1607-1653.
https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/41e8/7dee3b67cf69135d46be45d88967d7ddca3a.pdf
P.M. Robitaille, A Thermodynamic History of the Solar Constitution — I: The Journey to a Gaseous Sun, Progr. Phys., 2011, 3, 3-25.
http://www.ptep-online.com/2011/PP-26-01.PDF
P.M. Robitaille, A Thermodynamic History of the Solar Constitution — II: The Theory of a Gaseous Sun and Jeans’ Failed Liquid Alternative, Progr. Phys., 2011, 3, 41-59.
http://www.ptep-online.com/2011/PP-26-06.PDF
S. Chandrasekhar, N.R. Lebovitz, On the ellipsoidal figures of equilibrium of homogeneous masses, Astrophisica Norvegica, 1964, 9, 323-332. http://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1964ApNr....9..323C
S. Chandrasekhar, Ellipsoidal Figures of Equilibrium. Yale University Press, New Haven, 1969.
Evidence for Condensed Matter Videos:
Core, Tachocline layer: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ox1GNuCV5M0
Ringing, capillary waves: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mUsN 65fqg
Solar granules, sunspots and directional spectral emissivity: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5sazKR1Mi00
Solar spectrum: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fynuCLQp1TE
Evidence of a solar surface (many lines of evidence):
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Erql613GO_k
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=faywryDTmTE
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MBt8FIbngt8
This Stanford site places the density of the photosphere at 10^-9 g/cm^3!
http://solar-center.stanford.edu/vitalstats.html
Figures not to scale and used for visualization purposes only.
This channel is educational in nature.
Astronomy links of interest:
Space Weather: http://spaceweathernews.com/
NASA Image and Video Search: images.nasa.gov/
NASA Hubble Satellite: hubblesite.org/
NASA Helioviewer: helioviewer.org/
NASA ADS Scientific Article Search Page: adsabs.harvard.edu/bib_abs.html
National Solar Observatory: nso.edu/
SOHO Satellite: soho.nascom.nasa.gov/
SDO Satellite: sdo.gsfc.nasa.gov/data/
IRIS Satellite: https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/ir...
Hinode, JAXA/NASA: https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/hi...
Daniel K. Inoue Solar Telescope: dkist.nso.edu/
National Solar Observatory GONG: gong.nso.edu/
1 meter Swedish Solar Telescope: www.isf.astro.su.se/
All observational images and videos are credited to NASA unless
otherwise specified. Images obtained by the SDO satellite are a courtesy
of NASA/SDO and the AIA, EVE, and HMI science teams. Images obtained by
the SOHO satellite are courtesy of SOHO (ESA & NASA).
Link to Professor Robitaille’s papers on Vixra:
http://vixra.org/author/pierre-marie_robitaille
Outro Music:
Foria: Break Away
https://soundcloud.com/foria
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UkUweq5FAcE The Hydrogen Phase Diagram & Evidence for the Liquid Metallic Hydrogen Solar Model!](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/cdmD_R3fROU/mqdefault.jpg)







