Uploaded October 2025 | Updated September 2026, 1 week ago
Antenna Design playlist. Watch these video to understand more on Antenna Design.
youtube.com/watch?v=RTtCxtSaG8w&list=PLFxhgwM1F4ywAyke2KC22BLBl1V4vV9Jt
For access to this presentation materials, membership is required: I need the Material PPT
Sent me an email to Technologies.Discussion@gmail.com
If you need the whole playlist material, send me email and we discuss.
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Antenna #22. Visualize Ant Performance: 3D Radiation Pattern, 2D Polar/ Cartesian Coordinate System
Antenna #22. Visualize Ant Performance: 3D Radiation Pattern Vs 2D Polar Vs 2D Cartesian Coordinate.
To visualize antenna performance, engineers use a radiation pattern, which illustrates how an antenna directs or receives radio energy.
While the 3D spherical coordinate system is the most complete representation, it's often simplified into 2D plots for practical engineering use. The Cartesian coordinate system is one of these key 2D methods.
1. The 3D Radiation Pattern (Spherical Coordinates)
This is the most intuitive representation but can be complex to draw and interpret.
What it is: A three-dimensional surface where the distance from the origin (the antenna) to the surface represents the radiation intensity in that direction.
Pros:
Gives a complete, holistic view of the antenna's performance.
Clearly shows the main lobe, side lobes, and nulls in all directions.
Cons:
Can be cluttered and difficult to extract precise numerical data from.
Not ideal for technical reports or data sheets where specific cuts are important
2. 2D Pattern Cuts (Polar Coordinate System)
This is the most common and standard way to present antenna patterns in technical datasheets. It takes a "slice" through the 3D pattern.
What it is: A two-dimensional plot on a polar grid. The angle (θ or φ) is the direction and the distance from the origin is the radiation strength (usually in dB).
Polar plot shows how gain change with angle.
Pros:
Very clear for visualizing beamwidth, directivity, and sidelobe levels.
Intuitive for understanding angular coverage.
Cons:
Requires at least two plots (E-plane and H-plane) to characterize the antenna.
The logarithmic (dB) scale can compress the plot, making low-level sidelobes hard to see.
2. 2D Pattern Cuts (Polar Coordinate System)
Common Cuts:
Azimuth Plane (H-Plane): A horizontal slice, showing the pattern around the horizon.
Elevation Plane (E-Plane): A vertical slice, showing the pattern above and below the horizon.
3. 2D Pattern Cuts (Cartesian Coordinate System)
This is a powerful alternative to the polar plot, prized for its precision.
What it is: A standard X-Y graph.
X-Axis: The angle (in degrees), typically from -180° to +180°.
Y-Axis: The relative power, almost always in decibels (dB).
Key Characteristics:
Linear Angular Scale: The angles are spaced evenly, unlike the polar plot where they are radial.
Logarithmic Power Scale (dB): This is crucial. It allows you to see very low sidelobes (e.g., -30 dB) on the same plot as the main lobe (0 dB). The "flat" bottom of the plot corresponds to very weak radiation.
3. 2D Pattern Cuts (Cartesian Coordinate System)
Pros:
Excellent Dynamic Range: It's the best format for accurately reading and comparing very low sidelobe levels and deep nulls.
Precision: It's much easier to read exact numerical values for beamwidth, null depth, and sidelobe levels directly from the axes.
Easier to Plot: Standard graphing tools can easily generate these.
Cons:
Less Intuitive: The direct visual connection between the shape on the graph and the physical direction of radiation is lost. A "lobe" looks like a peak, not a lobe pointing in a direction.
Can be less immediately understandable for a quick visual assessment of antenna coverage.
Antenna Design playlist. Watch these video to understand more on Antenna Design.
youtube.com/watch?v=RTtCxtSaG8w&list=PLFxhgwM1F4ywAyke2KC22BLBl1V4vV9Jt
For access to this presentation materials, membership is required: I need the Material PPT
Sent me an email to Technologies.Discussion@gmail.com
If you need the whole playlist material, send me email and we discuss.
Give me some time to response. Thanks.
Antenna #22. Visualize Ant Performance: 3D Radiation Pattern, 2D Polar/ Cartesian Coordinate System
Antenna #22. Visualize Ant Performance: 3D Radiation Pattern Vs 2D Polar Vs 2D Cartesian Coordinate.
To visualize antenna performance, engineers use a radiation pattern, which illustrates how an antenna directs or receives radio energy.
While the 3D spherical coordinate system is the most complete representation, it's often simplified into 2D plots for practical engineering use. The Cartesian coordinate system is one of these key 2D methods.
1. The 3D Radiation Pattern (Spherical Coordinates)
This is the most intuitive representation but can be complex to draw and interpret.
What it is: A three-dimensional surface where the distance from the origin (the antenna) to the surface represents the radiation intensity in that direction.
Pros:
Gives a complete, holistic view of the antenna's performance.
Clearly shows the main lobe, side lobes, and nulls in all directions.
Cons:
Can be cluttered and difficult to extract precise numerical data from.
Not ideal for technical reports or data sheets where specific cuts are important
2. 2D Pattern Cuts (Polar Coordinate System)
This is the most common and standard way to present antenna patterns in technical datasheets. It takes a "slice" through the 3D pattern.
What it is: A two-dimensional plot on a polar grid. The angle (θ or φ) is the direction and the distance from the origin is the radiation strength (usually in dB).
Polar plot shows how gain change with angle.
Pros:
Very clear for visualizing beamwidth, directivity, and sidelobe levels.
Intuitive for understanding angular coverage.
Cons:
Requires at least two plots (E-plane and H-plane) to characterize the antenna.
The logarithmic (dB) scale can compress the plot, making low-level sidelobes hard to see.
2. 2D Pattern Cuts (Polar Coordinate System)
Common Cuts:
Azimuth Plane (H-Plane): A horizontal slice, showing the pattern around the horizon.
Elevation Plane (E-Plane): A vertical slice, showing the pattern above and below the horizon.
3. 2D Pattern Cuts (Cartesian Coordinate System)
This is a powerful alternative to the polar plot, prized for its precision.
What it is: A standard X-Y graph.
X-Axis: The angle (in degrees), typically from -180° to +180°.
Y-Axis: The relative power, almost always in decibels (dB).
Key Characteristics:
Linear Angular Scale: The angles are spaced evenly, unlike the polar plot where they are radial.
Logarithmic Power Scale (dB): This is crucial. It allows you to see very low sidelobes (e.g., -30 dB) on the same plot as the main lobe (0 dB). The "flat" bottom of the plot corresponds to very weak radiation.
3. 2D Pattern Cuts (Cartesian Coordinate System)
Pros:
Excellent Dynamic Range: It's the best format for accurately reading and comparing very low sidelobe levels and deep nulls.
Precision: It's much easier to read exact numerical values for beamwidth, null depth, and sidelobe levels directly from the axes.
Easier to Plot: Standard graphing tools can easily generate these.
Cons:
Less Intuitive: The direct visual connection between the shape on the graph and the physical direction of radiation is lost. A "lobe" looks like a peak, not a lobe pointing in a direction.
Can be less immediately understandable for a quick visual assessment of antenna coverage.
