Ancient Egyptians transported pyramid stones over wet sand   wet sand experiment @FOMarchive
Ancient Egyptians transported pyramid stones over wet sand   wet sand experiment  @FOMarchive
Uploaded May 2014 | Updated September 2026, 1 day ago
Physicists from the FOM Foundation and the University of Amsterdam have discovered that the ancient Egyptians used a clever trick to make it easier to transport heavy pyramid stones by sledge. The Egyptians moistened the sand over which the sledge moved. By using the right quantity of water they could halve the number of workers needed. The researchers published this discovery online on 29 April 2014 in Physical Review Letters.

In this video, you can see the experiment in which a sledge with a 1 kilogram weight is dragged over wet sand. This situation is different from the dry sand experiment, where a pile of sand accumulates in front of the sledge: youtu.be/3vpBQ6Rw0PM

More information can be found in the press release here: http://www.fom.nl/live/english/news/archives/pressreleases2014/artikel.pag?objectnumber=262373
Ancient Egyptians transported pyramid stones over wet sand   wet sand experimentPhysics@FOM 2015, ImpressionPhysics@FOM Veldhoven 2016 - Masterclass Laura BaudisPhysics@FOM 2015 – Masterclass Heinrich JaegerPhysics@FOM 2015, Sharon Glotzer - Entropy, information and order in soft matterPhysics@FOM 2015, Poster Prize ceremonyFundamental physics at FOMPhysics@Veldhoven 2017, Margaret Murnane – Tabletop X-ray lasersPhysics@FOM Veldhoven 2016  - Masterclass Tilman EsslingerPhysics & industry at FOMThe signal is the noise: seeking physical origins of fluctuation in organism-scale behaviourParticle and astroparticle physics at FOM-Nikhef
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Ancient Egyptians transported pyramid stones over wet sand -- wet sand experiment

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