Uploaded February 2016 | Updated September 2026, 1 week ago
Human thought has hundreds of hard-wired bugs. The Socratic Method gives us a fighting chance to overcome them.
-Links for the Curious-
Paper describing evidence & several implications of availability bias - http://people.umass.edu/biep540w/pdf/Tversky%20availability.pdf
Paper describing evidence & several implications of confirmation bias - landman-psychology.com/ConfirmationBias.pdf
Wikipedia's list of cognitive biases - en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cognitive_biases
THUNK episode 73 on mental rigor - youtube.com/watch?v=l3uDwNUVieQ
THUNK episode 64 on the argumentative theory of human reason - youtube.com/watch?v=Cduyyif7BVY
Human thought has hundreds of hard-wired bugs. The Socratic Method gives us a fighting chance to overcome them.
-Links for the Curious-
Paper describing evidence & several implications of availability bias - http://people.umass.edu/biep540w/pdf/Tversky%20availability.pdf
Paper describing evidence & several implications of confirmation bias - landman-psychology.com/ConfirmationBias.pdf
Wikipedia's list of cognitive biases - en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cognitive_biases
THUNK episode 73 on mental rigor - youtube.com/watch?v=l3uDwNUVieQ
THUNK episode 64 on the argumentative theory of human reason - youtube.com/watch?v=Cduyyif7BVY










![186. Natural Kinds | THUNK
How many legs does a dog have, if you call a tail a leg? Philosophers: Well...it depends.
- Links for the Curious-
THUNK Discord - https://discord.gg/xGW7bmc
Natural Kinds (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy) - https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/natural-kinds/
Scientific Enquiry and Natural Kinds - https://philpapers.org/archive/MAGSEA.pdf
Natural Kinds | Daniel Kaufman & Massimo Pigliucci [Sophia] - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tE9QQ1uk01Q
The Categories Were Made For Man, Not Man For The Categories, by Scott Alexander - https://slatestarcodex.com/2014/11/21/the-categories-were-made-for-man-not-man-for-the-categories/
THUNK 134. The Problem of Universals - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WE4mXY42OBM 186. Natural Kinds | THUNK](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/bWj15Utv3os/mqdefault.jpg)